Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Macugen (pegaptanib sodium), manufactured by Eyetech Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and Pfizer, Inc., is the first treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for all forms of wet macular degeneration. Although the cause of wet macular degeneration is not known, it is believed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis, resulting in a neovascular process, the hallmark of wet macular degeneration. Macugen is a VEGF antagonist. In two controlled, double-blinded identical studies, Macugen 0.3 mg was shown to slow the progression of wet macular degeneration. Using strict aseptic technique, Macugen 0.3 mg is administered via intravitreal injection every six weeks for one to two years. Serious adverse reactions include endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, and iatrogenic traumatic cataract. Macugen is administered after a topical anesthetic, a subconjuctival block, or a combination of both is used to numb the injection site on the temporal sclera. Post-procedure patients may initially complain of transient vision loss, burning, pressure, eye pain, or "floaters". At time of discharge, patients should be informed of the signs and symptoms of infection and instructed in the administration of antibiotic drops and in proper follow-up care. Most patients are seen for follow up one week after injection and again in five weeks for additional treatment.
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PMID:Macugen treatment for wet age-related macular degeneration. 1681 67

We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and etiology of cystoid macular edema (CME). Inflammatory, diabetic, post-cataract, and macular edema due to age-related macular degeneration is described. The role of chronic inflammation and hypoxia and direct macular traction is evaluated in each case according to different views from the literature. The different diagnostic methods for evaluating the edema are described. Special attention is given to fluoroangiography and the most modern methods of macula examination, such as ocular coherence tomography and multifocal electroretinography. Finally, we discuss the treatment of cystoid macular edema in relation to its etiology. In this chapter we briefly refer to the therapeutic value of laser treatment especially in diabetic maculopathy or vitrectomy in some selected cases. Our paper is focused mainly on recent therapeutic treatment with intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and anti-VEGF factors like bevacizumab (Avastin), ranibizumab (Lucentis), pegaptamid (Macugen), and others. The goal of this paper is to review the current status of this treatment for macular edema due to diabetic maculopathy, central retinal vein occlusion and post-cataract surgery. For this reason the results of recent multicenter clinical trials are quoted, as also our experience on the use of intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF factors and we discuss its value in clinical practice.
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PMID:Cystoid macular edema. 1966 45