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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cataract is a very common disease, but making this diagnosis does not necessarily mean that surgery is always required. The indications for surgery depend on the patient's age, on the activity of the lesion and on the functional repercussions of the opacity of one or two eye lenses. The best operation is the insertion of an artificial lens, knowing that it has now very few contra-indications. With modern surgical techniques, functional recovery is very rapid, convalescence extremely short, and day surgery may even be considered.
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PMID:[Cataract surgery in 1989]. 292 14

Somatosensory, motor, and visual sensory blockade were investigated after retrobulbar injection of 3 mL 2% lidocaine, prilocaine, or mepivacaine plus hyaluronidase (15 U/mL) and naphazoline nitrate (1:20,000) in 90 cataract patients (n = 30 per group). Before injection as well as 20 and 90 minutes after injection, and then every 30 minutes, the quality of the retrobulbar blockade was evaluated in terms of the following factors until full recovery of function: (1) corneal sensitivity at the three extraincisional quadrants as determined with an esthesiometer; (2) horizontal and vertical motility, and elevation of the lid; (3) visual acuity on an arbitrary score scale ranging from 0 (no light perception) to 6 (visual acuity > 0.05); and (4) the time required for recovery from retrobulbar anesthesia. The data were analyzed by one- (anesthetic) and two-factor (anesthetic and time) analysis of variance. Full somatic recovery of corneal sensitivity occurred within 247 +/- 10.2 minutes after lidocaine, within 221 +/- 9.2 minutes after prilocaine, and within 280 +/- 8.5 minutes after mepivacaine (F = 10.1; P < .0001). Full motor recovery (all muscles) occurred within 290 +/- 5.8 minutes after lidocaine, within 258 +/- 5.7 minutes after prilocaine, and within 295 +/- 4.8 minutes after mepivacaine (F = 13.3, P < .0001). On the average, visual acuity decreased most after mepivacaine and least after lidocaine administration, although the differences between the three anesthetics in this regard were not significant. One patient temporarily lost vision after mepivacaine administration. Overall, the somatosensory and motor blockade were most pronounced after mepivacaine.
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PMID:Retrobulbar blockade of somatic, motor, and visual nerves by local anesthetics. 805 71

An 80-year-old woman with corticonuclear cataract had cataract extraction by bimanual microphacoemulsification and in-the-bag implantation of the Akreos MI60 (Bausch & Lomb) intraocular lens (IOL). After 6 months, a complete capsulorhexis phimosis developed and surgery was performed to open and reduce the phimosis, with complete functional recovery. In the fellow pseudophakic eye, an acrylic hydrophobic Acri. Smart 48S (Acri.Tec) IOL had been implanted without complications. We conclude that a capsulorhexis phimosis may occur a few months after uneventful cataract surgery and in-the-bag implantation of the Akreos MI60 IOL.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2008 Sep
PMID:Capsulorhexis phimosis after bimanual microphacoemulsification and in-the-bag implantation of the Akreos MI60 intraocular lens. 1872 27

Cataract in diabetic patients is a major cause of blindness in developed and developing countries. The pathogenesis of diabetic cataract development is still not fully understood. Recent basic research studies have emphasized the role of the polyol pathway in the initiation of the disease process. Population-based studies have greatly increased our knowledge concerning the association between diabetes and cataract formation and have defined risk factors for the development of cataract. Prevention of eye complications by removing metabolic risk factors and good control of the disease is the most efficient step, because no effective treatments in the absence of optimal glycemic control through diet and medication. Diabetic cataract is a condition that benefits from surgery with good functional recovery. This recovery depends on the detection and treatment of diabetic retinopathy with photocoagulation correct laser.
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PMID:[Specific aspects in diabetic cataract]. 2242 92

Functional brain development is characterized by sensitive periods during which experience must be available to allow for the full development of neural circuits and associated behavior. Yet, only few neural markers of sensitive period plasticity in humans are known. Here we employed electroencephalographic recordings in a unique sample of twelve humans who had been blind from birth and regained sight through cataract surgery between four months and 16 years of age. Two additional control groups were tested: a group of visually impaired individuals without a history of total congenital blindness and a group of typically sighted individuals. The EEG was recorded while participants performed a visual discrimination task involving intact and scrambled biological motion stimuli. Posterior alpha and theta oscillations were evaluated. The three groups showed indistinguishable behavioral performance and in all groups evoked theta activity varied with biological motion processing. By contrast, alpha oscillatory activity was significantly reduced only in individuals with a history of congenital cataracts. These data document on the one hand brain mechanisms of functional recovery (related to theta oscillations) and on the other hand, for the first time, a sensitive period for the development of alpha oscillatory activity in humans.
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PMID:Sight restoration after congenital blindness does not reinstate alpha oscillatory activity in humans. 2708 Jan 58

Combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery results in better compliance in patients with posterior segment pathology and should be the preferred approach to reduce the high rate of cataract development after vitreoretinal surgery and to improve earlier visual acuity. Technological advances in both anterior and posterior segment surgery are leading to the development of instruments with a smaller diameter and more efficient tools, resulting in a minimizing of the tissue trauma related to the surgery, acceleration of functional recovery and increasing patient comfort. In this review we report on recent advances that allow this miniaturization process while maintaining the efficacy and safety of microinvasive combined surgical procedures, with a focus on pumps, illumination, phaco tip and the vitrectomy probe.
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PMID:A Review of Microinvasive Combined Phaco-Vitrectomy: Recent Technical Advances. 2835 1

The case is reported of a 59-year-old woman, who reported decreased visual acuity (VA) in the left eye (LE). On examination, a corrected VA of finger count/ 30cm was observed in LE. Corneal oedema and folds in the Descemet's membrane were observed using the slit lamp. Anterior synechiae, iris atrophy, and corectopia were also found. Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (ICE) was diagnosed. The treatment option was a combination of cataract surgery and automated endothelial keratoplasty with Descemet's membrane dissection (DSAEK). There were no complications during the operation, with a successful anatomical and functional recovery, with a VA of 0,8 being observed after one year. This result supports the efficacy of DSAEK in ICE syndrome, encouraging more studies to be carried out that should also support its efficacy in this syndrome.
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PMID:Combined cataract surgery and lamellar endothelial keratoplasty in iridocorneal endothelial syndrome. 3259 5