Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred fifty elderly female patients undergoing cataract extraction were divided into three groups. Fifty patients were premedicated with droperidol, pethidine and atropine; another group of 50 patients with pethidine and atropine. They were operated on under local anesthesia. The control group consisted of 50 patients premedicated with pethidine and atropine, and they were given general anesthesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting were registered until noon the next day. Comparison of different groups showed that droperidol decreases the occurrence of postoperative sickness.
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PMID:Nausea and vomiting after local anesthesia for cataract extraction in elderly female patients -- effect of droperidol premedication. 732 57

During the past decade the demand for outpatient surgery has grown rapidly. Postoperative nausea and vomiting is one of the more common undesirable consequences of surgery, which may significantly delay the patient's discharge from the ambulatory surgery center. None of the currently used antiemetic drugs is considered totally effective in abolishing nausea or vomiting. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of ondansetron, a highly selective 5-hydroxytryptamine subtype-3 receptor antagonist, with that of metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative emesis in patients undergoing cataract surgery. The incidence of postoperative nausea was significantly less in the ondansetron group than that in the metoclopramide group (p = 0.046). Although the incidence of vomiting was clinically less frequent in the ondansetron group, there were no significant differences between both treatment groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that ondansetron is effective to prevent postoperative emesis after extracapsular cataract extraction.
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PMID:Prophylactic intravenous ondansetron in patients undergoing cataract extraction under general anesthesia. 928 4

In the past few years, there have been many changes in ophthalmic anaesthesia. Application of drugs in general anaesthesia with excellent controllability enhances patient safety and allows a more efficient OR-management. Regional anaesthesia is gaining widespread use for ophthalmic surgery, especially topical anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Patients for ophthalmic surgery concomitantly often display high age and a high level of co-morbidity and, therefore, belong to the anaesthesiological risk groups ASA III-IV. Life-threatening adverse events including cardiovascular depression are associated with general and regional anaesthesia. Intervention by anaesthesiologists is frequently required for treatment of hypertension or dysrhythmias, and sedation. Thus, monitored anaesthesia care ("standby") is justified. Drugs applied for regional and general anaesthesia may change intraocular pressure. There are a lot of publications about the impact of anaesthesia on intraocular pressure (IOD), however, few on the effects of anaesthesia on pulsatile ocular blood flow. it has to be kept in mind that the effects of anaesthesia on intra-ocular pressure and pulsatile ocular blood flow may diverge. To avoid an increase of the IOD, especially during anaesthesia induction, drugs, such as succinylcholin, rocuronium and opiates, in particular remifentanil, can be applied. In addition, the use of the laryngeal mask may be advantageous compared to general anaesthesia associated with laryngoscopic tracheal intubation. The management of patients treated with anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents, has to be taken on the balance of risks. There are risks not only in continuing therapy, but also in discontinuing it perioperatively. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) remains a distressing and common problem after strabismus repair in particular in children. The incidence of PONV depends on the type of ophthalmic surgery and drugs applied. To reduce PONV in ophthalmic surgery, application of long-lasting opiates should be avoided, and non-opiate analgesics and, depending on the kind of operation, antiemetic prophylactics are recommended.
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PMID:[What's new in ophthalmic anaesthesia?]. 1470 36

Remifentanil is an ultra-short-acting opioid, widely used for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia in various types of operations. We recently noted that a great number of patients receiving remifentanil in their anaesthetic regimen experienced postoperative abdominal pain. As a result, we performed this study to investigate its incidence. This randomised single-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 300 patients who were undergoing elective cataract surgery under general anaesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the control group (n = 150), anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl and propofol and maintained with propofol by infusion and 60% N2O. In the remifentanil group, anaesthesia was induced with remifentanil and propofol and maintained with remifentanil infusion and inhalation of 60% N2O. Atracurium was used for muscle relaxation in both groups. Abdominal pain was observed in 79 patients (52.6%) in the remifentanil group, 10 of whom required a therapeutic intervention, but in only three patients in the control group, none of whom required an intervention (P value = 0.001). Postoperative nausea and vomiting were reported in seven and 10 patients (4.7%) in the remifentanil and control group, respectively. These findings indicate that abdominal pain is very common in patients receiving remifentanil by infusion for cataract surgery.
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PMID:Remifentanil-induced abdominal pain: a randomised clinical trial. 1949 66

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications of anaestnesia. This double-blind clinical trial assessed the incidence of nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery with intravenous anaesthesia in 100 patients randomly assigned to preinduction placebo (saline), metoclopramide (10 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg) or the 2 drugs combined. The incidence of nausea in the recovery room was 44% with placebo, 20% with metoclopramide, 16% with dexamethasone and 8% with the combination. The incidence of vomiting was 20%, 4%, 4% and 0% respectively in the 4 groups. Metoclopramide plus dexamethasone combination significantly decreased nausea and vomiting both in the recovery room and 24 hours afterwards and is recommended for high-risk groups, especially in outpatient surgeries.
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PMID:Efficacy of metoclopramide and dexamethasone for postoperative nausea and vomiting: a double-blind clinical trial. 2079 44