Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 78-year-old woman who had intracapsular cataract extraction and anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation 8 years earlier presented with decreased visual acuity (20/400) and discomfort of 2 years duration in the operated eye. Penetrating keratoplasty was done to improve visual function and reduce discomfort; however, at 6 months postoperative, visual acuity was 20/800, due in part to retained opacified host corneal tissue. A retrograft (duplicate) membrane was identified at the posterior aspect of the graft/host junction. The neodymium:YAG laser was used to create a central 3.5 mm circular opening in the duplicate membrane. There were no complications from the laser treatment. The donor cornea remained thin and clear, and visual acuity improved to 20/40 with spectacle correction. It is imperative to confirm complete removal of host corneal tissue before implanting donor tissue; however, vision can be restored, and a corneal graft can remain clear following laser membranotomy.
J Cataract Refract Surg
PMID:Neodymium:YAG laser optical opening for retained Descemet's membrane after penetrating keratoplasty. 884 67

A major disadvantage of nylon sutures is the need to remove them post-operatively to prevent suture fracture and irritation. Mersilene (polyester) sutures do not hydrolyse or disintegrate and are in theory superior to nylon. Fifty-two consecutive patients were examined an average of 3 years after uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with corneal sections sutured with interrupted 11/0 polyester. It was found that 29% had suture-related problems and required, or had previously undergone, suture removal for reasons other than high astigmatism. The most common problem was a loose stitch with adherent mucus and corneal vascularisation (17% of patients at review). Sixty-six per cent of patients with loose sutures reported discomfort. We would not advocate prophylactic removal, but patients with polyester sutures should be advised to return if they become symptomatic.
 ...
PMID:Do Mersilene sutures need to be removed after cataract surgery? 937 12

A 61-year-old man with progressive, bilateral Mooren's ulcer had subjective symptoms of pain, discomfort, and blurred vision. Biomicroscopic examination showed 360 degrees of peripheral ulceration of the cornea. There were 1+ cells in the anterior chamber, and nuclear sclerosis of the lens was present. He was treated with topical and systemic steroids, perilimbal conjunctival resection, and systemic cyclophosphamide therapy. After the complete control of inflammation, the patient remained in remission for 14 months. When a cataract developed in the right eye, reducing the visual acuity to light perception, the authors performed a scleral tunnel incision and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation. After 18 months of postoperative follow-up, the vision improved to 20/30, and the eye was stable. Phacoemulsification and scleral tunnel incision with intraocular lens implantation can be successfully performed after the complete control of inflammation with medical therapy.
 ...
PMID:Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation in a patient with Mooren's ulcer. 930 42

We present a comparison of one quadrant sub-Tenon's anaesthesia and peribulbar anaesthesia. Patient discomfort during injection of anaesthetic and during cataract surgery was assessed using a 10-point visual analogue scale ranging from no pain to the worst pain imaginable. Data are available for 74 patients undergoing cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia and for 55 patients in whom sub-Tenon's anaesthesia was used. Pain scores for administration of anaesthetic were significantly lower (Kruskal-Wallis H-test, p < 0.01) for sub-Tenon's anaesthesia (mean 1.4) compared with the peribulbar technique (mean 2.4). However, a similar number of patients experienced pain of greater than 3 for the two techniques (10 (18.5%) for sub-Tenon's and 14 (18.9%) for peribulbar). Per-operative pain scores for sub-Tenon's anaesthesia (mean 0.5) were lower than those for peribulbar anaesthesia (mean 1.2) but not significantly so (Kruskal-Wallis H-test, p = 0.073). Significantly fewer patients, however, experienced pain of greater than 3 (Fisher exact test, p < 0.05) in the sub-Tenon's group. In addition less anaesthetic solution and a shorter interval from administration to surgery was required in the sub-Tenon's group. Sub-Tenon's anaesthesia appears to be a more effective method of anaesthesia than the peribulbar method.
 ...
PMID:Sub-Tenon's versus peribulbar anaesthesia for cataract surgery. 977 59

Retrobulbar block is commonly performed to provide anaesthesia for cataract extraction. This technique can cause significant discomfort. A prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled trial was carried out to investigate the efficacy of a eutectic mixture of local anaesthetics (EMLA) and a 4% amethocaine topical formulation (Ametop) in reducing the pain of retrobulbar injection. Ametop and EMLA proved to be of similar efficacy, both being superior to a placebo in alleviating the discomfort of retrobulbar block. No significant side-effects were observed with the use of either formulation.
 ...
PMID:The effects of EMLA and a topical formulation of 4% amethocaine (Ametop) on pain associated with retrobulbar injection. 1040 77

This case involves a 25-year-old patient who suffered from corneal ulceration several days after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). A central scar developed, resulting in discomfort and reduction in visual acuity. Four months later, the scar was treated by phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) (25 microns depth, 5 mm ablation zone). Some scar tissue was left, but it cleared slowly and steadily over the next few years. The induced hyperopia decreased from 5.00 to 1.37 diopters spherical equivalent within 28 months postoperatively. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 20/60 preoperatively to 20/20 at 28 months postoperatively. Surgeons can encourage patients with postinfectious scars after PRK to try at least 1 PTK treatment.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2000 Feb
PMID:Phototherapeutic keratectomy of a corneal scar due to presumed infection after photorefractive keratectomy. 1068 2

Major advances in cataract extraction techniques and instrumentation have occurred over the past decade. Smaller incisions, more efficient phacoemulsifiers, and decreased surgical times are a few of the changes that have helped to alleviate postoperative inflammation, but postoperative inflammation continues to be a cause of patient discomfort; delayed recovery; and, in some cases, suboptimal visual results secondary to cystoid macular edema. This article reviews the most recent literature regarding the control of intraocular inflammation associated with cataract surgery.
 ...
PMID:Control of intraocular inflammation associated with cataract surgery. 1072 25

Coloured filters are used to protect the lens, retina and other ocular tissues against the hazard of light damage and to improve the quality of vision mainly in cases of ocular media opacities. Four types of yellow, amber and orange filters have been designed as tinted glasses, shields and colour covering of spectacles. They were tested on 15 adult patients with partial cataract and on 80 children with congenital pathology (i.e. macular hypoplasia, albinism, aphakia after congenital cataract). The majority of the children had nystagmus. The filters with particular spectral characteristics provide reduction of light intensity in the light-damaging range by at least a factor of five. Optimal filters were selected by examination of visual acuity, contrast frequency sensitivity, glare sensitivity and subjective selection by the patients. The effects of filters were: 11-43% increase in corrected visual acuity, 27-34% increase in contrast sensitivity function (CSF) for all frequencies and a marked reduction in glare sensitivity. All patients reported subjective improvement including reduction of photophobia, eye-strain and eye discomfort. It is concluded that coloured filters are able to contribute substantially to rehabilitation of low-vision patients.
 ...
PMID:Spectral filters in low-vision correction. 1096 99

We compared the efficacy of deep topical fornix nerve block anaesthesia (DTFNBA) versus peribulbar nerve block in patients undergoing cataract surgery using phacoemulsification. We studied 120 patients, allocated randomly to two groups. Group 1 (n = 60) received peribulbar block with 5 ml of a 1:1 mixture of 0.5% plain bupivacaine and 2% lidocaine supplemented with hyaluronidase 300 i.u. ml-1. Group 2 received DTFNBA with placement of a sponge soaked with 0.5% bupivacaine deep into the conjunctival fornices for 15 min. No sedation was given to either group. Analgesia was assessed by the reaction to insertion of the superior rectus suture and by questioning during the procedure. A three-point scoring system was used (no pain = 0, discomfort = 1, pain = 2). Scoring was repeated at keratotomy, hydrodissection and hydrodelineation, phacoemulsification, irrigation and aspiration, and at intraocular lens insertion. If the patient's pain score was 0 or 1, no further action was taken. If the pain score at any stage of the operation was 2, intracameral injection of 1% preservative-free lidocaine was given. One patient in Group 2 needed intracameral lidocaine at the stage of phacoemulsification (P > 0.05) and four experienced discomfort at irrigation and aspiration (P = 0.043). We conclude that DTFNBA may be a useful needle-free anaesthetic technique in patients undergoing cataract surgery using phacoemulsification.
 ...
PMID:Prospective evaluation of deep topical fornix nerve block versus peribulbar nerve block in patients undergoing cataract surgery using phacoemulsification. 1157 11

Endokeratoplasty using an infant donor cornea was performed in an 81-year-old man with Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy, corneal decompensation, and a history of cystoid macular edema in the left eye. The patient reported minimal discomfort after surgery, and the best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/400 to 20/100 by the second postoperative month with resolution of the corneal edema. Endokeratoplasty using an infant cornea is a viable alternative to penetrating keratoplasty for corneal endothelial decompensation, and infant corneas may provide a new and potentially healthier source of tissue for corneal transplantation.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2001 Dec
PMID:Use of infant donor tissue for endokeratoplasty. 1173 4


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>