Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six cases of mental complications after cataract extraction performed on 779 patients by the author when he worked at Do Ye Ha Hospital of Algeria were reported in this paper. The symptoms included confusion, agitation, schizophrenia, aberrant behavior and nervousness. The treatment consisted of sedative and psychotherapy. The patients were all recovered within 72 hours. The methods for preventing mental complications after operation are discussed.
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PMID:[Report of six cases of mental complications after cataractopiesis]. 184 63

An important aspect of any new viscoelastic substance is the corneal endothelial protection. We compared the protective effects of sodium hyaluronate (Healon) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (Occucoat) by introducing a controlled volume of air bubbles into the anterior chamber of human eye bank eyes during ultrasonic agitation of the anterior chamber. Eight eyes received Healon and 11 eyes received Occucoat. Damage to endothelial cells in the central cornea was quantified by vital staining. Endothelial damage averaged 4.5% in eyes in which no viscoelastic was used (positive control); damage was 0.4% in eyes in which a viscoelastic was injected but no air bubbles were introduced (negative control). We found that endothelial damage averaged 4.25% in specimens that received air plus Healon and 1.4% in specimens that received air plus Occucoat. Occucoat appeared to have somewhat better protective effects than Healon against air bubble damage to the corneal endothelium during ultrasonic agitation of the anterior chamber.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 Sep
PMID:Protective effects of Healon and Occucoat against air bubble endothelial damage during ultrasonic agitation of the anterior chamber. 194 96

We report a 83 year-old woman with dementia. She was apparently well until December of 1993 when she was 81-year-old. At that time, she was operated or her cataract. Her post operative course was uneventful, however, shortly after her operation, she had an onset of memory loss and abnormal behavior. She showed a fluctuating course in her mental disturbance. In 1995, her dementia worsened with nocturnal agitation. She was admitted to our service on June 12, 1995. She was alert and her blood pressure was 140/100 mmHg. She showed recent memory loss and disorientation to time. Motor wise, she was unable to stand unsupported. Her gait with support showed small steps and a wide base. She was bradykinetic and ataxic in her finger-to-nose and heel-to-knee test, however, no rigidity or tremor was noted. Her MRI showed T2-high signal lesions in both medial thalamic areas, in the right occipital lobe, and in the bilateral cerebral white matters as well as in the basal ganglia. She was discharged for out-patient follow up on July 3, 1995. Four days after the discharge, she showed declining responses to stimuli and she developed dyspnea on July 14, 1995. She was admitted again on the same day. Her body temperature was 38.5 degrees C and moist rales were heard in the left lung field. She appeared drowsy and no verbal response was obtained; no apparent motor palsy was noted. Blood count showed leukocytosis (14,300/ml). Blood gas analysis under 61 of oxygen inhalation through a mask was as follows: pH 7.460, PCO2 39.6 mmHg, PO2 67 mmHg, and HCO3-28.5 mEq/l. Two days after admission, she developed a convulsion in her left arm and she became unconscious. Her EEG showed periodically recurring lateralized epileptic discharges on the right fronto-central areas. Her subsequent course was complicated by status epilepticus and respiratory distress. She died on July 26, 1995. She was discussed in a neurological CPC. The chief discussant arrived at a conclusion that she suffered from multi-infarct dementia. Bilateral thalamic infarctions were considered to have played a significant role in her dementia. Post-mortem examination revealed subcortical leukoencephalopathy of Binswanger's type and cerebral infarctions in the thalamic and basal ganglia regions and in the right occipital lobe. In addition, she showed isolated angitis of the central nervous system involving mainly in the small arteries located in the superficial areas of the brain and the spinal cord. This patient was interesting in that despite relatively mild leukoaraiosis in MRI, post-mortem examination revealed profound pathologic changes in the subcortical white matters. In addition, she showed the isolated angitis of the CNS. The cause and the clinical correlates of her angitis were unclear.
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PMID:[A 83 year-old woman with dementia, gait disturbance, and convulsion]. 904 33

Polymeric nanoparticle suspensions were prepared from Eudragit RS100R and RL100R polymer resins and loaded with flurbiprofen (FLU), with the aim at improving the availability of the drug at an intra-ocular level for the prevention of the myosis induced during extracapsular cataract surgery. Nanosuspensions were prepared by a quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion technique using different formulation parameters (drug-to-polymer ratio, initial polymer concentration, agitation speed, etc.). The resulting nanoparticles showed mean sizes around 100 nm and a fixed positive charge (zeta-potential around +40/+60 mV). Stability tests after mid-time storage (4 degrees C or room temperature) or freeze-drying were carried out to optimise a possible final pharmaceutical preparation. In vitro, dissolution tests showed a controlled release profile of FLU from the nanoparticles. In vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed in the rabbit eye after induction of an ocular trauma (paracentesis). FLU-loaded nanosuspensions did not show toxicity on ocular tissues. Moreover, an inhibition of the miotic response to the surgical trauma comparable to a control eye-drop formulation was obtained, even though an actual lower concentration of free drug in the conjunctival sac was achieved from the nanoparticle system. Drug levels in the aqueous humour were also higher after application of the nanosuspensions.
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PMID:Flurbiprofen-loaded acrylate polymer nanosuspensions for ophthalmic application. 1210 96

A 56-year-old woman was evaluated for the surgical correction of hyperopia (+3.0 diopters). Two drops of cyclopentolate 1% were instilled in both eyes for measurement of the cycloplegic refraction and wavefront analysis. Immediately after the second instillation, the patient reported drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Ten minutes later, stimulatory central nervous system symptoms in the form of restlessness, cheerfulness, and a 20-minute-long roar of laughter were observed, interrupted by a new sedative phase. Basic medical and neurologic examinations were unremarkable except for gait ataxia. Four hours later, the examination was continued uneventfully. As surgical treatment of refractive errors and measurement of cycloplegic refraction using cyclopentolate become more frequent, ophthalmologists should be aware of this unusual acute event.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 May
PMID:Acute psychotic reaction caused by topical cyclopentolate use for cycloplegic refraction before refractive surgery: case report and review of the literature. 1278 Dec 95

This trial assessed the effects of two doses of clonidine compared with placebo on the quality and speed of recovery in children premedicated with oral midazolam and anaesthetised with sevoflurane for cataract surgery. One hundred and twenty American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II children (aged one to six years), premedicated with oral midazolam 0.5 mg/kg and undergoing elective unilateral cataract surgery with sevoflurane anaesthesia were studied. Children were randomised to intravenous clonidine 1 microg/kg (group C1, n=39), 2 microg/kg (group C2, n=41) or normal saline (group NS, n=40). Clinically successful sub-Tenon local anaesthesia block was required for a patient to be included in the analysis. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative agitation. Postoperative agitation was defined as a Pain Discomfort Score of -3 using items 3 to 5 only, which was assessed 15 minutely until discharge. Agitation was observed in 11/40 (27.5%) children in the NS group compared to 2/39 (5.1%) in group Cl and none in group C2 (P < 0.001). Rescue medication to treat severe agitation was required in 5/40 (12.5%) in the NS group, 1/39 (2.6%) in group C1 and none in group C2 (P = 0.025). Time to meet discharge criteria was significantly shorter in group C1 compared to the other two groups (48.4 +/- 14.0 minutes compared to C2 79.5 +/- 12.8 minutes and NS 73.1 +/- 20.4 minutes, P < 0.001). There were no significant effects on blood pressure and heart rate. Intravenous clonidine 1 microg/kg is effective for reducing agitation after sevoflurane anaesthesia and midazolam premedication in children undergoing cataract surgery. Intravenous clonidine 2 microg/kg was also effective and for a longer period, but was associated with a longer time to discharge.
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PMID:Effects of clonidine on recovery after sevoflurane anaesthesia in children undergoing cataract surgery. 2051 48

Intravitreal injections have become the most commonly performed intraocular treatments worldwide. Because intravitreal injections may induce severe adverse events, such as infectious and noninfectious endophthalmitis, cataract, ocular hypertension, vitreous hemorrhage, or retinal detachment, appropriate awareness of the materials and techniques used are essential to reduce these sight-threatening complications. This review provides insights into the needles, syringes, silicone oil coating, sterilization methods, devices to assist intravitreal injections, scleral piercing techniques using needles, syringe handling, anesthesia, and safety issues related to materials and techniques. It is paramount that physicians be aware of every step involved in intravitreal injections and consider the roles and implications of all materials and techniques used. The ability to understand the theoretical and practical circumstances may definitely lead to state-of-the-art treatments delivered to patients. The most important practical recommendations are: choosing syringes with as little silicone oil as possible, or, preferably, none; avoiding agitation of syringes; awareness that most biologics (e.g., antiangiogenic proteins) are susceptible to changes in molecular properties under some conditions, such as agitation and temperature variation; understanding that improper materials and techniques may lead to complications after intravitreal injections, e.g., inflammation; and recognizing that some devices may contribute to an enhanced, safer, and faster intravitreal injection technique.
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PMID:Critical analysis of techniques and materials used in devices, syringes, and needles used for intravitreal injections. 3231 76