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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The establish a threshold dose, an acute experiment was carried out by 30 min. radiation of the rabbit's shaved head with all ranges of infrared, 200 W/m2, 350 W/m2 and 500 W/m2 intensities. Irradiation was prolonged up to 2 hrs. Having established the threshold dose, a chronic (5 months') experiment was carried out, irradiating 9 rabbits' skin (in 3 groups) with 350 W/m2 intensity in the range of all three bands. Similarly, tests on the eye transparent part were performed, irradiating only one eye, the other being handled as the control. The results show that the 350 W/m2 intensity of IR-A and IR-C radiation induces a slight erythema on rabbits' skin under long-lasting radiation, and under all radiation ranges no changes in the eye transparent part result at the 350 W/m2 intensity for the IR-A band and 200 W/m2 for the IR-C band. On the other hand, when irradiating the eye with the IR-B band at the 350 W/m2 intensity, slight infiltrations and defects of the eyeball cornea were found. Temporarily, the 350 W/m2 value for human skin was suggested as the TLV for the directional radiation intensity within IR-A and IR-B. On the other hand, for the eye transparent part the following TLVs have been suggested: for the IR-A band--250 W/m2, for the IR-B--150 W/m2, for the IR-C band--150 W/m2. Those values do not refer to laser radiation and do not guarantee the development of cataract under many-years' exposure.
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PMID:[Effect of directed infrared radiation on the skin and eye of rabbits after acute and chronic exposure]. 406 85

Human and animal health effects of UV-radiation are considered. Action spectra and biologically effective doses for UV-induced erythema, keratoconjunctivitis, cataract, skin cancer and immunosuppression are presented. Admissible doses of UV-irradiation with regard to damage to skin and eye, recommended in some foreign countries, are discussed.
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PMID:[Spectral and energy parameters of the biological effect of UV-irradiation and approaches to its standardization]. 755 Sep 5

One hundred forty-eight patients were enrolled in a randomized, prospective, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic) in reducing ocular inflammation following extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (2:1 diclofenac:placebo) if the sum of anterior chamber cells plus flare one day postoperatively (baseline) was at least four. None of the patients received concomitant steroidal anti-inflammatory treatment. The 99 patients receiving diclofenac sodium had significantly greater improvement from baseline in summed flare plus cell score than the 49 placebo patients at two to five days and seven to nine days after baseline. Similarly, diclofenac sodium patients had significantly less post-baseline conjunctival erythema and ciliary flush than placebo patients. Significantly more diclofenac sodium patients than placebo patients showed moderate to marked improvement from baseline in overall assessment of inflammatory response. Forty-nine percent of placebo patients but only 17% of diclofenac patients were considered therapeutic failures (P < .001). By five to seven days, 82% of diclofenac sodium patients and 59% of placebo patients had corrected visual acuities of 20/40 or better (P < .001). There were no clinically important differences in mean intraocular pressure at any visit.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1994 Mar
PMID:Efficacy of diclofenac sodium ophthalmic solution versus placebo in reducing inflammation following cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation. 820 62

It is known that ultraviolet-B light (UV-B) affects human health. In addition to deleterious effects on the skin and the eyes, such as erythema, photoageing, keratitis and cataract, UV-B is also able to impair the resistance against skin-associated tumours and infections. Our data implicate that UV-B can impair the resistance against certain non-skin-associated infections in rats, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Trichinella spiralis and Ratcytomegalovirus (RCMV). Rats, infected with T. spiralis, had an increased amount of T. spiralis larvae in their carcasses after UV-B exposure in comparison to control animals, indicating that the resistance to this parasite was decreased by UV-B. Exposure to UV-B caused an increase of RCMV load in the salivary gland 26 days after infection with this virus, indicating that especially the resistance against the second generation of viruses was impaired. In L. monocytogenes-infected rats, UV-B exposure caused an increased number of bacteria in the spleen, coupled to a decreased specific response of T lymphocytes to the bacteria. We conclude that UV-B radiation may affect the resistance against several non-skin-associated infectious diseases, which is probably caused by a defect in the specific lymphocyte response to the antigen.
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PMID:Effects of UV-B on the resistance against infectious diseases. 820 53

The goal of radiation therapy in pediatric cancer is to destroy cancer cells and preserve functional surrounding normal cells. Although all radiation for pediatric cancers does not result in complications of the eye, acute and long-term radiation effects can occur after treatment. Acute radiation effects to the eye include erythema, epilation, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, keratitis, corneal ulceration, iritis, and retinal edema. Long-term radiation effects include tissue necrosis, decreased tear production, telangiectasia, scleral melting, cataract, corneal neovascularization, radiation retinopathy, retarded bone growth (of bones within the irradiated field), and radiation-induced cancers. Nursing interventions and implications will be presented in conjunction with medical management for each of these acute and long-term effects.
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PMID:Acute and long-term effects of radiation therapy to the eye in children. 826 86

We conducted a double-masked, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of topical flurbiprofen in cataract surgery by phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. The 233 patients were randomized to receive either flurbiprofen or vehicle immediately prior to and for two weeks following surgery. No concomitant corticosteroid use was allowed. The flurbiprofen group had significantly less anterior chamber cells and flare at day 7 and significantly less conjunctival erythema, corneal edema, and lid edema at day 14. The investigator's global effectiveness rating was higher in the flurbiprofen group at day 14. Blood-aqueous barrier disruption, as measured by aqueous fluorophotometry, was statistically significantly diminished in the flurbiprofen group. Burning and stinging were rated significantly greater in the flurbiprofen group than in the vehicle group. Foreign-body sensation and photophobia were significantly more severe in the vehicle group than in the flurbiprofen group. Flurbiprofen provided postsurgical anti-inflammatory efficacy in clinical signs of inflammation and in blood-aqueous barrier disruption, and also showed improved subjective signs.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1993 Jul
PMID:Flurbiprofen 0.03% for the control of inflammation following cataract extraction by phacoemulsification. 835 54

Solar UVB radiation is prejudicial to the health of humans in a number of ways. Erythema and photodermatoses are acute reactions of the skin; keratitis and conjunctivitis are acute reactions of the eye. Various types of skin cancer, accelerated aging of the skin, and cataract formation in the crystalline lens are reactions that appear with great latency. UV radiation can also cause damage to the immune system and DNA. For the period 1981-1991, an increase in erythemal effective UVB radiation of +(7 +/- 4)% per decade was measured in a non-polluted high mountain area (Jungfraujoch, 3576 m a.s.l., Switzerland). This increase is related to a decrease in stratospheric ozone. The effects on human health are discussed. A 10% ozone reduction increases non-melanoma skin cancer by 26% and cataract by 6 to 8%.
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PMID:Biological effectiveness of solar UV radiation in humans. 840 96

Psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA) is a combination of orally administered psoralen and long wave ultraviolet-A radiation (UVA), and is one of the most effective forms of therapy for psoriasis. The unwanted effects of PUVA therapy can be divided into short and long term adverse effects. The short term adverse effects include erythema, pruritus, nausea and headache. While short term adverse effects are limited and reversible after discontinuation of treatment, potential long term adverse effects such as chronic actinic skin damage, dyskeratotic and precancerous skin conditions, nonmelanoma skin cancer, immunological alterations and cataract formation are of greater concern. Long term risks associated with PUVA therapy can be minimised by several measures. Careful patient selection is mandatory; for example, patients with chronic actinic damage and a history of skin cancer may bear a higher risk for the development of new cancers, and previous arsenic intake and ionising radiation also increase the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancers. Certain drug combinations make it possible to lower the UVA dose, which is important because of the dose-dependent increase in the incidence of squamous cell carcinomas in patients treated with PUVA. It has been demonstrated that 200 treatments or a total UVA dose of 1200 J/cm2 seems to be the threshold for development of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Shielding male genitalia during PUVA treatment is essential because of the increased risk of genital squamous cell carcinomas. Yearly dermatological examination to detect skin cancer at an early stage is highly advisable. Sunscreen use, protective clothing and avoidance of sun exposure reduce the uncontrolled dose of solar UV radiation. Other psoralens with a less carcinogenic potential can be used. UVA-opaque sunglasses during the entire period of increased photosensitivity after psoralen ingestion help avoid cataract formation. Assignment to PUVA ought to be based on the risk-benefit ratio for the individual patient and should be limited to those who can be monitored and controlled by informed, competent and conscientious physicians.
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PMID:Minimising the risks of PUVA treatment. 850 16

Natural ultraviolet radiation spectral irradiance at the terrestrial zones of various latitudes and altitudes was measured. On this basis biologically effective intensities and times for induction of erythema, photo-keratoconjunctivitis, cataract, immunosuppression and skin pigmentation after acute UV-irradiation were calculated. Skin cancer, cataract and vitamin D deficit risk values dependences on intensity and dose of prolonged UV-exposure were considered.
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PMID:[Natural ultraviolet radiation as a human risk factor (review)]. 867 27

We report a case of contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite in Tathion eye drops. A 72-year-old woman was treated daily with two solutions including Tathion eye drops for senile cataract for two years and three months. She developed edema, swelling, erythema, and vesicles on her eyelids. Because contact dermatitis due to a topical medication was suspected, patch testing was performed after disappearance of her eruption. A positive reaction to sodium bisulfite in Tathion eye drops was confirmed. Therefore, we diagnosed her eruption as contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite. The reaction to sodium sulfite in the next patch testing was negative. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report from Japan about contact dermatitis caused by this medication.
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PMID:A case of contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite in an ophthalmic solution. 937 69


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