Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We treated six eyes of five patients with linear endotheliitis. This entity appears clinically as a line of keratic precipitates on the corneal endothelium that progresses centrally and is accompanied by peripheral stromal and epithelial edema. All five patients had ocular pain, redness, and photophobia. One eye had an episode of a dendritic lesion typical of herpes simplex. Two eyes had a history of cataract extraction before developing linear endotheliitis. We treated all patients aggressively with a combination of corticosteroids and antiviral agents. Complete resolution of inflammation and edema occurred in all cases. Four patients required the use of oral acyclovir to control the inflammation and prevent recurrence of the disease. Linear endothelitis is a distinct form of endotheliitis that may be associated with herpes simplex virus, and treatment included corticosteroid and antiviral therapy.
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PMID:Linear endotheliitis. 815 28

A randomized, prospective, multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and safety of using collagen shields to deliver drugs after cataract surgery. Collagen shields saturated with an antibiotic and a steroid were placed in 90 eyes postoperatively. A control group of 93 eyes received the same drugs through a peribulbar/retrobulbar injection. One day after surgery, the shield group had significantly less corneal edema, conjunctival hemorrhaging, and postoperative pain and fewer corneal opacities. All symptoms except the conjunctival hemorrhaging disappeared by day seven. Our study suggests that using collagen shields for drug delivery after cataract surgery decreases tissue damage and increases patient comfort without adverse side effects.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1994 Mar
PMID:Use of collagen shields in cataract surgery. 783 90

We divided 80 patients undergoing cataract surgery into two groups of 40: one control group and one propofol group to whom 1-1.5 mg/kg of propofol was administered before retrobulbar anesthesia. The following parameters were recorded before and after retrobulbar anesthesia: systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP), heart rate (HR) and finally arterial oxygen saturation through pulse oximetry. Pain was also measured on the Scott-Huskisson visual analog scale. For patients in the control group a rise in arterial pressure over baseline values after 5 minutes (p < 0.01) was observed, while a decrease was found in the propofol group (p < 0.01). The rise after 5 minutes in the control group was significant when compared with the measurements for the propofol group (p < 0.01). The pain measure for the control group reached 5.53 +/- 1.54 on the Scott-Huskisson scale, but was 0 in the propofol group. Measurements on the pain scale correlated positively with diastolic arterial pressure 5 minutes after blockade in the control group (p < 0.05). The technique studied affords greater comfort for the patient, presents no special difficulties for the anesthesiologist performing the retrobulbar blockade, and causes no complications.
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PMID:[Propofol and retrobulbar anesthesia for cataract extraction]. 824 11

We have studied the pharmacokinetics and effects of i.m. alfentanil as premedication for peribulbar block in 90 patients undergoing elective day-case cataract surgery. We compared alfentanil 12.5 micrograms kg-1 injected into the deltoid (n = 30) or gluteal muscle (n = 30) 15 min before the peribulbar block, and placebo (n = 30). The alfentanil concentrations were significantly greater in the deltoid group during the study and the mean peak concentration occurred more rapidly in this group. Only alfentanil injected into the deltoid muscle reduced pain (assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS)) associated with the peribulbar block. A mild sedative effect (VAS) was found in both alfentanil groups. We conclude that i.m. alfentanil appears to be a suitable premedicant for short, painful procedures because it has a short duration of action and is not associated with any clinically significant side effects.
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PMID:Pharmacokinetics and effects of i.m. alfentanil as premedication for day-case ophthalmic surgery in elderly patients. 826 Feb 98

1. Cataract patients received widely differing amounts of information about their surgery and their pre- and postoperative courses. Although most received some information, no patient received what could be considered complete information. 2. Most patients would have liked more specific information about what they could expect and what they could do to take care of themselves after surgery. Some patients were surprised that they could not see perfectly after surgery. Such feelings led to uncertainty and concern about the success of the procedure. 3. The cataract patients had a relatively uneventful postoperative course, complaining little about nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and difficulty moving and sleeping. Although pain generally was rated as low, 15% of patients complained of severe pain on the 1st postoperative day.
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PMID:Follow-up of day-surgery cataract patients. 830 81

Two concentrations of etidocaine (1 and 1.5%) and of pH-adjusted bupivacaine (0.5 and 0.75%, pH 6.8), all fortified with hyaluronidase, were compared as local anesthetics in regional ophthalmic surgery for cataract extraction. The series comprised 160 patients assigned randomly to four groups (n = 40). Each patient received one of the four anesthetics in a double blind manner. The technique used was an inferolateral intraconal injection (3 mL) followed by a medial extraconal injection (3 mL). Supplemental injections were given at 10 and 20 min, if needed. At 10 min, globe akinesia was satisfactory in both etidocaine groups and in the 0.75% bupivacaine group (78-80% of patients), but in only 37% of the 0.5% bupivacaine group. In lid akinesia, the 0.75% bupivacaine group gained the highest scores, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Perioperative analgesia was better in both bupivacaine groups, in which only 3 and 5 patients felt pain compared to 7 and 12 in the etidocaine groups (P < 0.05). Of these local anesthetics, pH-adjusted 0.75% bupivacaine is recommended for regional ophthalmic anesthesia.
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PMID:Comparison of regional ophthalmic anesthesia produced by pH-adjusted 0.75% and 0.5% bupivacaine and 1% and 1.5% etidocaine, all with hyaluronidase. 831 20

To compare the effectiveness of subconjunctival injections and collagen shields in delivering anti-inflammatory agents and antibiotics after cataract surgery, we conducted a prospective study of 61 patients. They were randomly assigned to three groups: subconjunctival injection of gentamicin and dexamethasone; the same route plus a collagen shield without drug; collagen shield soaked in gentamicin and dexamethasone. All subjects had a manual extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Eyes were evaluated at the end of surgery and 24 hours later. The collagen shield achieved a progressive effect on pain and a decrease in conjunctival redness after 24 hours. The occurrence of folds in Descemet's membrane was less frequent and aqueous flare less severe than when subconjunctival injections were used. No adverse effect was reported. We conclude that the collagen shield could be a safe, better, noninvasive technique because of its double action of bandage and enhancement of drug penetration.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1993 Jan
PMID:Comparative study of a collagen corneal shield and a subconjunctival injection at the end of cataract surgery. 842 22

A 36-year-old man was stung by a wasp OD. He became delirious and had dyspnea, ocular pain, and severely decreased visual acuity OD. A broken stinger was found in the central deep cornea. Additional ocular findings were keratitis, iritis, cataract, secondary glaucoma, and unrecordable electroretinographic responses.
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PMID:Wasp sting-induced retinal damage. 848 60

To relieve pain from local anesthetic injections, the authors tried lowering the skin surface temperature by spraying a commercially available cold spray immediately before the injections. A noncontact thermometer was used to measure the thermal change of the skin surface. An esthesiometer was applied to determine the surface perception of the skin. Our basic experiments indicated that there was a relationship between the thermal change and the perception. When the surface temperature dropped to 10 degrees C, there was a definite decrease in the perception. Based on these findings, the authors applied the spray to 100 patients undergoing cataract surgery prior to both akinesia and retrobulbar anesthesia at a distance of 10 cm from the skin surface for 2 seconds, to be immediately followed by the injections. We found the spray to be effective in decreasing the pain due to these injections. Furthermore, there has been no major complications of the spray.
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PMID:Use of cold spray for relieving pain from local anesthetic injections in ocular surgery. 848 14

This study of 100 day case patients having cataract surgery under local anaesthesia compared patient acceptance of two peri-ocular techniques; a transcutaneous method and a transconjunctival method. A significant difference was found in relation to the pain felt on injection such that all peri-ocular blocks at our unit are now done via the perconjunctival route.
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PMID:A comparison of percutaneous and perconjunctival routes of administration of peri-ocular anaesthesia for day case cataract surgery. 821 18


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