Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A questionnaire was designed to evaluate patients' postoperative symptoms and need for analgesics after cataract surgery and/or trabeculectomy. During the first week and the second week of the study period 5.7% and 7.4% of the patients reported having had postoperative pain. Patients provided with paracetamol after the operation took the tablets not only because of pain, but also for a number of other reasons. Patients not provided with paracetamol, and in need of analgesics, had access to painkillers at home.
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PMID:Analgesics requirement after anterior segment surgery. 774 86

A retrospective review for bullous keratopathy in our hospital from 1985 to 1992 was studies. Among the cases with bullous keratopathy, 14 were performed with antiglaucoma operation and cataract extraction, 12 that experienced a contusion or penetrating trauma history underwent cataract operation. IOL implantation seen in 3 patients, 4 cases were associated with vitreous contact to cornea after cataract extraction, the other 4 cases had advanced glaucoma. Besides, there were 1 case of Fuch's endothelium dystrophy, ICE syndrome and severe herpes simplex keratitis, respectively. The preoperation visual acuity of them was all less than finger count. The follow-up was 3 months to 5 years. The results showed the grafts of 28 cases (70%) were clear, 7 cases (17.5%) semi-clear, 5 cases (12.5%) opaque. Postoperatively, all of the patients escaped from the pain and 22 cases achieved a visual acuity of 0.02-0.7. Some good advice in treatment of bullous keratopathy were proposed.
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PMID:[Penetrating keratoplasty for bullous keratopathy]. 777 1

Units in the thalamus responsive to mechanical stimulation of the cornea (thalamic corneal units) were studied in urethane-chloralose anesthetized cats. Four different classes of corneal units were found in the nucleus ventralis posteromedialis (VPM) and intralaminar nuclei. They corresponded to 4 different classes of corneal units in the trigeminal subnucleus caudalis and adjacent bulbar lateral reticular formation reported by Nishida (1987). Low threshold corneal specific (LTCS) units, whose mechanical threshold was well below the pain threshold in patients with cataract, were located in the dorsolateral part of the VPM proper. High threshold corneal specific (HTCS) units and wide dynamic range (WDR) units, whose mechanical threshold was well above the pain threshold of the human cornea, were located in the shell region of caudal VPM. Each class of these three corneal units was incorporated in the somatotopic organization of low threshold mechanoreceptive, nociceptive specific, or WDR units having a cutaneous receptive field in the contralateral trigeminal nerve territory. Units having receptive fields in the head similar to those of subnucleus reticularis ventralis (SRV) units were found in the intralaminar nuclei. Their corneal mechanical thresholds were much the same as those of HTCS units and WDR units. These results supported the suggestion that both nonpainful sensation and pain can be evoked in the cornea.
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PMID:[Localization and response characteristics of thalamic corneal units in the cat]. 778 15

A prospective, randomised, double-masked, placebo-controlled study was carried out on 169 patients undergoing cataract extraction to compare the topical anaesthetic cream amethocaine with EMLA (eutetic mixture of local anaesthetic, lignocaine and prilocaine) and placebo in reducing pain during retrobulbar injection. Fifty-eight patients received EMLA, 55 amethocaine and 56 the placebo. The pain was assessed objectively by the anaesthetist and subjectively by the patient. Significantly lower pain scores were observed in those patients who had amethocaine (p < 0.001) or EMLA (p < 0.005) in comparison with those who had placebo, but there was no statistical difference between amethocaine and EMLA (p > 0.1; t-test). No systemic or local side-effects were encountered in any group.
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PMID:A comparison of amethocaine cream with lignocaine-prilocaine cream (EMLA) for reducing pain during retrobulbar injection. 782 75

In 9 clinics 177 patients (68 men and 109 women) aged 23-69 years with primary hypercholesterolemia (TC above 6.5 mmol/L) were treated with lovastatin for 12 weeks. The treatment was started with 20 mg daily. The dose was doubled every 4 weeks, if the total serum cholesterol level did not fall below 5.2 mmol/L. For 4 weeks before treatment with lovastatin all patients received placebo. After the first 4 weeks of therapy the mean TC level decreased significantly (from 8.09 mmol/L to 6.54 mmol/L) by 18.5%. In comparison with the results after placebo (the starting value), after the 8 weeks of the therapy the TC level reduction reached 22.4% and after 12 weeks 23.5%. The mean LDL cholesterol decreased by 26.1%, 30.8% and 32.9% after 4.8 and 12 weeks of lovastatin treatment respectively. An increase in HDL cholesterol by 5.9%, 6.0% and 7.6% and decrease in triglyceride level by 10.7%, 14.9% and 14.0% respectively was also observed. In 6 patients on lovastatin treatment symptoms of acute pancreatitis in 1 case, a cataract in 1 case and aggravation of coronary insufficiency in 4 cases were noticed. These symptoms in the light of our knowledge of the mechanism of action of the drug used and of its side effects described in other trials, may be considered of independent on lovastatin. The treatment was discontinued in 5 cases (because of gastrointestinal intolerance in 2 patients, of aggravation of coronary insufficiency in 2 patients and of pain in the right hypochondrium in 1 patient who himself decided to stop the therapy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Lovastatin in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia]. 797 78

In this retrospective study a simple modification of implanting an intraocular lens into the anterior chamber during penetrating keratoplasty is presented. In 14 patients who underwent penetrating keratoplasty after cataract extraction, the intraocular lens was placed back to front in the anterior chamber so that the haptic was angled anteriorly. Postoperative follow-up was 18 months on the average. There was significant improvement in vision. All 9 patients with painful bullous keratopathy were relieved of their pain. One case of mild, transient uveitis and glaucoma and two dilated pupils were seen postoperatively. No major complications have been observed so far. This study suggests that this simple method, in some cases, might be favourable when implanting an intraocular lens during penetrating keratoplasty, in the absence of capsular support.
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PMID:Back to front AC IOL implantation combined with penetrating keratoplasty. 797 73

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produce potent analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. We studied postoperative pain in 97 consecutive patients having photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) by an excimer laser with different topical NSAID protocols. Treatment with topical homatropine hydrobromide, either diclofenac sodium (Voltaren Ophthalmic) or ketorolac tromethamine (Acular), and a soft contact lens was most effective in achieving post-PRK analgesia. We also studied post-PRK myopic regression in 68 consecutive patients and found that flurbiprofen sodium (Ocufen), when added to topical steroid protocols, significantly reduced myopic regression for one year postoperatively more than steroids alone or steroids and diclofenac sodium. Diclofenac, used with topical steroids, had less of an additive effect on myopic regression than did flurbiprofen. Topical NSAIDs are useful adjuncts to PRK therapy, both to eliminate postoperative pain and to control post-PRK myopic regression.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1994 Mar
PMID:Use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy. 800 90

Alkalinized bupivacaine 0.75% (pH 6.8) and a mixture (1:1) of bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2%, both with hyaluronidase, were compared in regional ophthalmic anesthesia for day-case cataract surgery. Eighty-two patients were randomized into two groups (n = 39 and 43) to receive one of the two solutions in a double-blind manner. Two intraorbital injections were administered initially: an inferolateral intraconal injection (3 mL) and a medial extraconal injection (3.5 mL). The progress of lid and globe akinesia was examined every 2.5 min up to 25 min and postoperatively. The block was supplemented at 10 and 20 min, if needed. Significantly better globe akinesia was achieved with the bupivacaine-lidocaine mixture; the patients who had received alkalinized bupivacaine needed additional injections significantly more often at 10 and 20 min. In lid akinesia, the onset time and recovery were similar in the two groups. One patient in the alkalinized bupivacaine group felt intraoperative pain, and eight patients in the bupivacaine-lidocaine group and seven in the alkalinized bupivacaine group sensed pain postoperatively from corticosteroid and antibiotic injections. Seventy percent of the pH-adjusted bupivacaine group and 8% of the lidocaine-bupivacaine group had diplopia the day after surgery. Of the two local anesthetic mixtures studied, lidocaine (2%) with bupivacaine (0.75%) provided regional ophthalmic anesthesia of better quality.
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PMID:Comparison of pH-adjusted bupivacaine 0.75% and a mixture of bupivacaine 0.75% and lidocaine 2%, both with hyaluronidase, in day-case cataract surgery under regional anesthesia. 801 Apr 50

All eye drops raise problems of local tolerance, but with variable frequencies. They can induce pain on instillation, allergic reactions, delayed healing, punctate keratitis, disturbances of lacrimal secretion, disturbances of accommodation (especially the parasympathomimetics) and local pigmentation after prolonged use. Corticosteroids are associated with 2 major risks: chronic glaucoma and cataract, initially reversible if treatment is stopped. There is still a major risk of corneal herpes with corticosteroids. It is important to be aware of these local problems as they are responsible for poor patient compliance. The systemic effects essentially concern the agonists and antagonists of the autonomic nervous system. beta-Blocker eye drops can cause bronchospasm, heart failure, syncope and psychiatric disorders, especially at high doses and with nonselective beta-blockers. These consequences are usually related to failure to comply with the prescribing precautions. alpha-Adrenergic agonists, which exert dose-dependent effects, can induce hypertensive crises or angina attacks. Apart from patients at risk (children under the age of 30 months and the elderly), parasympathomimetics cause few systemic adverse effects; anticholinesterases, which have curare-like properties, are contraindicated for 6 weeks before general anesthesia. In the very young and the very old, atropinic eye drops carry a risk of cardiovascular collapse and neuropsychiatric disturbances. Problems may also occur with other classes of drugs such as anti-infectives, antispectics, anti-inflammatories and contact lens products. Nevertheless, it is clear that this form of treatment is generally very well tolerated in relation to the volume of eye drops prescribed by ophthalmologists each day.
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PMID:Systemic and local tolerability of ophthalmic drug formulations. An update. 809 91

An 82-year-old man had pain and decreased vision in his right eye 15 months after uncomplicated cataract surgery. Examination revealed a large corneoscleral abscess with a 2 mm x 1 mm area of fluorescein staining at the base of a broken protruding 10-0 nylon suture. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from both the suture and base of the ulcer. Despite intensive topical, subconjunctival, and systemic antibiotics, a large corneal perforation developed, necessitating a 10 mm tectonic penetrating keratoplasty. Long-term follow-up of patients after cataract surgery is important and should include an inspection of the limbal wound and removal of loose or broken exposed sutures. Suture-related complications will be eliminated if clinical studies prove the safety and efficacy of sutureless cataract surgery.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1994 Jan
PMID:Corneoscleral abscess resulting from a broken suture after cataract surgery. 813 88


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