Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Peroral dixyrazine (15-30 mg, n = 50) and diazepam (4-10 mg, n = 50) were used as premedicants for geriatric patients having cataract surgery under regional block. Compared to the diazepam patients, a larger number of the dixyrazine medicated patients appeared anxious, and there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, when summing up changes in anxiety throughout the study period. The dixyrazine patients needed more frequent supplementation with intravenous sedative drugs, compared with their diazepam counterparts. Peroral dixyrazine is an applicable choice for calm patients, when only slight sedation, or avoidance of somnolence are required.
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PMID:Dixyrazine premedication for cataract surgery. A comparison with diazepam. 791 76

Myotonic dystrophy (m.d.) is an autosomal dominant multisystem disorder involving muscles, brain, heart, eye, endocrine system, alimentary and respiratory systems. M.d. is the most frequent cause of muscle dystrophy. Unstable CTG trinucleotide repeat at 3' untranslated end of the myotonic protein kinase gene on chromosome 19q 13.3 is the molecular basis of the disease. Normal length of CTG trinucleotide repeat is 5-40. Molecular mechanism of the myotonic dystrophy is discussed. Cataract, heart dysfunction, endocrine organs dysfunction, gallbladder stones, impotence are characteristic changes in patient with m.d. Apathy, drowsiness, sometimes dementia point to central nervous system involvement. Clinical course, correlation between CTG expansion and clinical manifestation are described. Nowadays progress in molecular genetic allows to make the diagnosis by DNA examination. Prenatal diagnosis is also possible.
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PMID:[Current problems in myotonic dystrophy]. 986 18

The authors describe a case of a 53 years old man with myotonic dystrophy. Based on characteristic clinical symptoms and EMG results the diagnosis was established and proved on DNA examination. Myotonic dystrophy gene analysis showed on 3' untranslated region one hundred and fifty CTG triplet repeats. The accessory examinations revealed: cataract arrhythmias, gallbladder stones, impotence, cerebral atrophy on neuroimaging (CT and MRI). Apathy, somnolence, concentration troubles were present. Pedigree of the presented patient and possibility of spontaneous mutation are discussed.
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PMID:[A case of myotonic dystrophy proved by DNA analysis]. 1046 39

A 56-year-old woman was evaluated for the surgical correction of hyperopia (+3.0 diopters). Two drops of cyclopentolate 1% were instilled in both eyes for measurement of the cycloplegic refraction and wavefront analysis. Immediately after the second instillation, the patient reported drowsiness, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Ten minutes later, stimulatory central nervous system symptoms in the form of restlessness, cheerfulness, and a 20-minute-long roar of laughter were observed, interrupted by a new sedative phase. Basic medical and neurologic examinations were unremarkable except for gait ataxia. Four hours later, the examination was continued uneventfully. As surgical treatment of refractive errors and measurement of cycloplegic refraction using cyclopentolate become more frequent, ophthalmologists should be aware of this unusual acute event.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 May
PMID:Acute psychotic reaction caused by topical cyclopentolate use for cycloplegic refraction before refractive surgery: case report and review of the literature. 1278 Dec 95

This study was undertaken to analyze sleep development in a group of patients during the first 9 months after cataract extraction. Men and women (n=407) undergoing cataract surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, Sundsvall Hospital during two periods in 2000-2002 were asked to complete a questionnaire on the state and change of sleep and sleepiness 1 and 9 months after the operation. The response rate was 90.8%. The mean ages of the participating men and women were 74.5 and 75.6 years, respectively. One week after cataract extraction the visual acuity in the treated eye was 0.67 (+/-0.31) in men and 0.69 (+/-0.28) in women (NS), and showed an inverse relationship to age in both men (P<0.01) and women (P<0.0001). One month after cataract extraction 28.3% of the men and 37.5% of the women experienced poor sleep, and after 9 months the figures were 15.8 and 31.4%, respectively. Frequent awakenings and difficulty in falling asleep after nocturnal awakenings improved correspondingly. Being well rested in the morning increased and daytime sleepiness decreased. The results indicate that in elderly persons with cataract sleep is improved 1 month after cataract extraction and further improvement during the first 9 months may be experienced.
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PMID:Sleep and sleepiness 1 and 9 months after cataract surgery. 1459 6

This study was undertaken in order to analyse sleep in a group of patients who were operated on for cataract. All patients (n=328) undergoing cataract surgery at the Department of Ophthalmology, Sundsvall Hospital during a 4-month period were asked to complete a questionnaire on the state and change of sleep and sleepiness 1 month after the operation. Twelve persons were unable or declined to participate. The response rate was 97.2%. The mean ages of the participating men and women were 74.5 and 76.3 years, respectively. Pre-operative visual acuity in the operated eye was 0.16 in men and 0.18 in women. After cataract extraction sleep was improved in 12.0% of the men and in 26.3% of the women. Nevertheless poor sleep 1 month post-operatively was reported by 29.3% of the men and 42.6% of the women (P<0.05). There was no age-related increase in sleep complaints. The results indicate that in elderly persons with cataract sleep is impaired, and that 1 month after cataract extraction improved sleep may be experienced.
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PMID:The development of sleep in persons undergoing cataract surgery. 1476 56

Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis has markedly expanded in recent years, providing opportunities for more focused therapy, but often leaving both physicians and patients confused over the variety of options. As monotherapy, oral antihistamines are an excellent choice when attempting to control multiple early-phase, and some late-phase, allergic symptoms in the eyes, nose and pharynx. Unfortunately, despite their efficacy in relief of allergic symptoms, systemic antihistamines may result in unwanted adverse effects, such as drowsiness and dry mouth. Newer second-generation antihistamines (cetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine and desloratadine) are preferred over older first-generation antihistamines in order to avoid the sedative and anticholinergic effects that are associated with first-generation agents. When the allergic symptom or complaint, such as ocular pruritus, is isolated, focused therapy with topical (ophthalmic) antihistamines is often efficacious and clearly superior to systemic antihistamines, either as monotherapy or in conjunction with an oral or intranasal agent. Topical antihistaminic agents not only provide faster and superior relief than systemic antihistamines, but they may also possess a longer duration of action than other classes including vasoconstrictors, pure mast cell stabilisers, NSAIDs and corticosteroids. Many antihistamines have anti-inflammatory properties as well. Some of this anti-inflammatory effect seen with 'pure' antihistamines (levocabastine and emedastine) may be directly attributed to the blocking of the histamine receptor that has been shown to downregulate intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and, in turn, limit chemotaxis of inflammatory cells. Some topical multiple-action histamine H(1)-receptor antagonists (olopatadine, ketotifen, azelastine and epinastine) have been shown to prevent activation of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages, or inhibit release of leukotrienes, platelet-activating factors and other inflammatory mediators. Topical vasoconstrictor agents provide rapid relief, especially for redness; however, the relief is often short-lived, and overuse of vasoconstrictors may lead to rebound hyperaemia and irritation. Another class of topical agents, mast cell stabilisers (sodium cromoglicate [cromolyn sodium], nedocromil and lodoxamide), may be considered; however, they generally have a much slower onset of action. The efficacy of mast cell stabilisers may be attributed to anti-inflammatory properties in addition to mast cell stabilisation. In the class of topical NSAIDs, ketorolac has been promoted for ocular itching but has been found to be inferior for relief of allergic conjunctivitis when compared with olopatadine and emedastine. Lastly, topical corticosteroids may be considered for severe seasonal ocular allergy symptoms, although long-term use should be avoided because of risks of ocular adverse effects, including glaucoma and cataract formation.
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PMID:Efficacy and tolerability of newer antihistamines in the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis. 1563 42

We report on an 18-year-old Lithuanian girl with hepatosplenomegaly noticed at birth, which progressed thereafter. The patient had to wait about 17 years for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy. Lactase deficiency, congenital cataract of the right eye, and osteoporosis were observed. Episodes of drowsiness were caused by intake of high-protein food. Laboratory findings included slight hyperammonaemia, high plasma Citr, Ala, Gly, Glu, Ser levels, as well as citrullinuria, lysinuria, glutaminuria, alaninuria, argininuria, prolinuria, hydroxyprolinuria, ornithinuria, and orotic aciduria. Aversion to high-protein diet strongly suggested a disorder resulting in hyperammonaemia. Citrullinaemia was suspected. Subsequently the diagnosis of LPI was made on the basis of biochemical and clinical features. Molecular genetic testing revealed a mutation in the SLC7A7 gene, confirming the diagnosis.
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PMID:First reported case of lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) in Lithuania, confirmed biochemically and by DNA analysis. 1766 82

Myotonic dystrophy (MD) is a genetically determined disease with autosomal dominant mode of inheritance. Relatively recently, MD has been divided into two sub-types (MD1 and MD2). Clinical symptoms of MD1 result from the expansion of a (CTG)n trinucleotide of the gene coding for serine/threonine protein kinase and clinical symptoms in MD2 are associated with the expansion of (CCTG)n in I intron of the zinc-finger protein 9 (ZNF9). Myotonic dystrophies MD1 and MD2 are multisystem diseases with numerous symptoms and high interfamily variability, resulting from the fact that different organs are affected. Until now the mechanisms that lead to the damage of the central and peripheral nervous systems, heart muscle and endocrine system have not been fully understood. Symptoms that are characteristic of MD1 and MD2 are myotonic symptom, muscular weakness and muscular atrophy. In MD2, muscular weakness and muscular atrophy are expressed more significantly in proximal segments, which is a differentiating factor for patients with MD1 who have muscular weakness and muscular atrophy in distal segments. Apart from myotonia and symptoms of skeletal muscle damage, the disease affects smooth muscles, heart muscle and the central nervous system, causing cataract, endocrine disorders, cognitive dysfunctions, intellectual and personality disturbances as well as sleep disordered breathing with nocturnal hypoventilation, obstructive, central and mixed apneas and hypopneas. The symptoms of sleep disordered breathing is fatigue, reduced cognitive performance and excessive daytime sleepiness. The pathophysiology of the breathing disorders includes weakness of the respiratory muscles and disorder of the respiratory drive. Of some interest are the works in which authors evaluated the incidence and character of abnormalities in the peripheral and central nervous systems. It has been shown that the number of CTG-repeats in the same person with MD1 is not stable over time and may increase, which leads to disease progression and new clinical symptoms. Cardiologic disorders associated with myotonic dystrophy are common and are part of the clinical picture of the disease. The dominant pathology are conduction disturbances and cardiac arrhythmias. It is estimated that 40 to 80% of patients with MD1 have abnormalities in ECG, and rapid supra-ventricular and ventricular cardiac arrhythmias are the second common cause of death in patients with MD1. Unfortunately, most of these pathologies are asymptomatic until life-threatening conduction blocks and/or supra-ventricular tachyarrhythmias occur. Sometimes, prodromal symptoms such as collapsing, fainting or feeling of palpitation occur and they should always draw attention of the treating doctor of a patient with muscular dystrophy. This paper is aimed at characterizing some common cardiologic and sleep related respiratory disorders of patients with myotonic dystrophy which if not recognized in good time may lead to sudden death.
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PMID:[Cardiac, respiratory and sleep disorders in patients with myotonic dystrophy]. 2051 7

It seems likely that the influences of light upon circadian rhythms will decrease with aging, particularly those rhythms that are more influenced by light with a higher color temperature and richer in short wavelengths. More specifically, cataract patients' optical systems transmit light poorly, especially the shorter wavelengths that affect the circadian system more. The present study investigated melatonin secretion profiles and sleep patterns before and after cataract surgery. Fifteen subjects were studied for 3 consecutive weekdays before, and one month after, their cataract surgery. UV-cutting intra-ocular lenses were used for patients after surgery. No statistically significant differences between before and after surgery were observed in the amount of light received and the amount of activity. This means that there were no significant changes in their lifestyle during the experimental period. Considering the group as a whole, no significant differences were present in melatonin secretion, sleep parameters, or sleepiness before and after the surgery. However, individual subjects responded differently. The subjects showed a negative correlation between the wake-up (p=0.067) or retiring times (p=0.017) and sleep efficiency after surgery. The amount of light received during the nighttime influenced sleep more significantly than during the daytime.
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PMID:Change in sleep state of the elderly before and after cataract surgery. 2113 24


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