Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The eyes of an 81-year-old man were obtained three and ten days after intracapsular extractions had been made through limbal incisions under limbal-based flaps of conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule. The wounds were closed with 7-0 chromic collagen. Before death from bronchopneumonia, the patient developed bilateral filtrations in association with violent coughing spells. In both specimens, the healing processes of the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule were advanced, confining the escaping aqueous humor to the subepithelial tissues of the flap. In contrast, the stromal wounds were still inert in accordance with our earlier observations that these wounds are precariously weak during the first two weeks after surgery. In cataract surgery, flaps including both conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule should be prepared and closed to support the slower healing stromal wound. Prevention of filtrations is not a simple matter of using many sutures. This patient's eyes demonstrated that improperly placed or too tightly tied sutures may be directly responsible for leaking wounds.
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PMID:Unintentional filtration after cataract surgery. 109 13

Hypnosis is able to induce a state of total psychological calm in very many subjects, including maintenance or even enhancement of their ability to cooperate. A smaller number of more receptive subjects may even achieve ocular anaesthesia, though this is not suitable for the performance of operations because the Dagnini-Aschner reflex persists and hypotonia is not attained. It is considered, therefore, that the association of hypnosis, retrobulbar pharmacological anaesthesia, and akinesia offers the best conditions for the performance of operations involving major opening of the eyeball, such as those associated with cataract, i.e. psychological tranquility with the ability to cooperate, anaesthesia with neurovegetative areflexia, hypotonia, and a postoperative course undisturbed by coughing and vomiting. The results of several years' experience have shown the complete suitability of the method and its wide possibilities of application.
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PMID:[Hypnosis in ophthalmology]. 118 37

A 14-day-old infant received intravenous lidocaine (2 mg X kg-1) at the conclusion of cataract surgery to prevent coughing from tracheal tube stimulation. Within 30 seconds the infant developed high-grade AV heart block and a ventricular rate of 40. Following brief resuscitation efforts, the patient had a normal cardiac rhythm, blood pressure and respiratory pattern. Intravenous lidocaine may be followed by major disturbances in cardiac rhythm and rate. Cautious titration of small doses should decrease the potential for adverse effects.
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PMID:Heart block after intravenous lidocaine in an infant. 402 72

A 12-month period was reviewed to identify the incidence of iris prolapse following cataract surgery, and any predisposing factors. Of 1408 routine manual extracapsular cataract extractions, 29 eyes (2.06%) sustained an iris prolapse. Iris prolapse was commoner in Asian patients and when less experienced surgeons were operating. Twenty-five per cent of cases occurred in patients with obstructive airways disease or post-operative cough. Thirty-four per cent of iris prolapses were identified on the first post-operative day and 86% within 2 weeks. Prolapse probably occurs because of raised intraocular pressure in association with poor wound construction or closure. More emphasis should be given to wound construction and closure during surgical training, with extra diligence when operating on patients likely to cough postoperatively. Clinicians must ensure non-English speaking patients understand about ocular aftercare following cataract surgery.
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PMID:Iris prolapse; who? When? Why? 822 9

The incidence of airway complications following general anaesthesia using either a tracheal tube or a laryngeal mask airway was compared in a prospective, randomized study of 79 patients undergoing elective cataract surgery using a standard anaesthetic technique. Assessment was made both at extubation (which was taken to include removal of the laryngeal mask airway) and for 25 min afterwards. There was a significantly greater incidence of coughing prior to extubation (P < 0.001), at extubation (P < 0.001) and after extubation (P < 0.001) in the tracheal group than in the laryngeal mask airway group. No other airway complications were seen in either group.
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PMID:Complications following general anaesthesia for cataract surgery: a comparison of the laryngeal mask airway with tracheal intubation. 841 Aug 89

A subconjunctival hyaluronidase injection, given to resolve hemorrhaging after a bout of severe coughing, produced myopia in a 30-year-old female. The myopia resolved after 45 days of no treatment other than repeated examinations.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Jul
PMID:Subconjunctival hyaluronidase injection producing temporary myopia. 852 98

Success of intraocular surgery depends in part on low intraocular pressure, sufficient muscle relaxation during the operative period, and avoidance of coughing during emergence from anaesthesia. Isoflurane (ISO) guarantees deep anaesthesia and Laryngeal Mask Airway (LM) makes emergence smoother than when using conventional endotracheal intubation. Occupational exposure to isoflurane appears unavoidable near the potential main source of leakage, the "patient's mouth". Due to the short distance between the patient's mouth and the working area, the risk of exposure for the surgeon could be high. Traces of anesthetic gases may cause various negative effects on the health of the personnel. Higher abortion rates are reported on in recent literature. The aim of this study was to quantify trace amounts of ISO and then to compare these values with international threshold limits. In this study, trace concentrations of ISO were measured directly by means of a high sensitive photoacoustic infrared spectrometry analyser. Measurements were done continuously every 120 seconds at the working places of the surgeon, anaesthetist and the assisting nurse. One possible leakage source, the patient's mouth, was also analysed. 10 cataract operations under general anaesthesia were included in the study. All the measured values were low, the majority under 2 ppm isoflurane. The national threshold values (10 ppm) were not exceeded. We conclude that the use of the LMA in ventilated patients is not associated with high concentrations of isoflurane in the working environment of the operating theatre personnel during eye surgery. Trace concentrations of isoflurane using the LMA are comparable with those using ET under these working conditions. Under other working conditions, higher concentrations may be expected should therefore be controlled.
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PMID:[Occupational exposure in the operating room by isoflurane when using the laryngeal mask]. 876 50

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways play. Anti-inflammatory drugs the fundamental role in the treatment of asthma and among them steroids are the most important. However, oral steroids may cause many serious side effects. A major breakthrough in the treatment of asthma was introducing inhaled steroids. Inhaled steroids have much less side effects than oral steroids, although they have the same anti-inflammatory activity. Long term effect of inhaled steroids can be divided into wanted and unwanted outcome. The desirable anti-inflammatory effect of steroids is reflected by lowering of bronchial hyperresponsiveness and a better control of asthma symptoms. Inhaled corticosteroid may have systemic side effects similar to those observed with oral steroids such as 1) adrenal suppression, 2) effect on bone metabolism, 3) growth suppression in children, 4) impaired skin collagen synthesis, 5) cataract, 6) metabolic disturbances, 7) effect on central nervous system. Topical side effects of inhaled corticosteroid such as oral candidiasis, dysphonia and cough effect about 10 to 30% of patients taking those drugs. Summing up it is advisable to use inhaled corticosteroid in the lower effective dose.
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PMID:[Longterm effects of steroid therapy]. 961 Feb 31

A massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage is defined as a hemorrhage in the suprachoroidal space of sufficient volume either to cause extrusion of intraocular contents outside of the eye or to force the inner retinal surfaces into apposition ('kissing'). This is a very rare but one of the most serious complications of the intraocular surgeries. The authors describe a case of 84-year-old woman, who developed a massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage during cataract surgery. In our case, the main reason of expulsive hemorrhage development was a Valsalva effect, caused by unexpected cough during surgery. In a Valsalva maneuver, a sudden increase in venous pressure may lead to vessel-wall rupture, by an apparently excessive pressure gradient across the vessel wall. We present clinical and echographical study of this patient.
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PMID:[Massive suprachoroidal hemorrhage during cataract surgery: case report]. 1266 92

Even in the twenty-first century, welding is still a common and a highly skilled occupation. The hazardous agents associated with welding processes are acetylene, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, phosgene, tungsten, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, tin, and zinc. All welding processes involve the potential hazards for inhalation exposures that may lead to acute or chronic respiratory diseases. According to literature described earlier it has been suggested that welding fumes cause the lung function impairment, obstructive and restrictive lung disease, cough, dyspnea, rhinitis, asthma, pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis, carcinoma of the lungs. In addition, welding workers suffer from eye irritation, photokeratitis, cataract, skin irritation, erythema, pterygium, non-melanocytic skin cancer, malignant melanoma, reduced sperm count, motility and infertility. Most of the studies have been attempted previously to evaluate the effects of welding fumes. However, no collectively effort illuminating the general effects of welding fumes on different organs or systems or both in human has not been published. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather the potential toxic effects of welding fumes documented by individual efforts and provide informations to community on hazards of welding.
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PMID:Health hazards of welding fumes. 1464 49


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