Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to compare the prevalence of obesity, high blood pressure, diabetic vascular disease, and risk factors in Black West Indians who had emigrated to Britain (WIB) with those in Whites in England and among diabetic Jamaicans in Jamaica. Seventy-seven consecutive WIB patients were matched for age, sex, known duration of diabetes, and type of treatment of diabetes with 74 Whites from the same diabetes clinic in England. In Jamaica, a systematic random sample (95 women, 36 men) was studied. There was no difference in age at diagnosis between WIBs and Jamaicans. Effort chest pain (possible angina) was less frequent in WIBs (9%) or Jamaicans (3%) than in Whites (25%). Cigarette smoking was more common in WIBs than in Whites but still low in Jamaicans. Body mass index was greatest in WIB women (85%), significantly more than in matched White (52%) or Jamaican women (45%); 40% of White men and WIB men were obese, significantly more than Jamaicans (15% obese). Systolic blood pressure was similar, but diastolic blood pressure was significantly greater in WIBs than in matched White subjects. The prevalence of casual hypertension was high (greater than 40%) in all groups, often despite treatment. Cataracts were significantly more frequent in WIB and Jamaican groups than in Whites. Total background retinopathy after correcting for duration of diabetes did not differ between groups, and there were no significant differences in other complication rates. Levels of HbA1 were lower in Whites than in the other groups. Regression analysis showed that systolic blood pressure was most consistently related to complications, particularly retinopathy, independent of ethnic group and duration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Black West Indian and matched white diabetics in Britain compared with diabetics in Jamaica: body mass, blood pressure, and vascular disease. 358 77

Patients having cataract surgery are usually elderly and have risk factors for ischemic heart disease. We sought to determine the incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia in patients having cataract surgery and compare the influence of local anesthesia (LA) and general anesthesia (GA). Eighty-one patients undergoing cataract surgery with at least two risk factors for ischemic heart disease were monitored continuously for 24 h by using electrocardiogram leads II and V5 and a Holter recorder (Medilog 4500, Oxford Ltd, UK). Patients were randomly allocated to two groups, either LA (n = 39) or GA (n = 42). In the LA group, a peribulbar block was performed, whereas a similar block was performed in the GA group after tracheal intubation. The study demonstrated that cataract patients suffered from a frequent incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia (31%). There was no difference in the incidence rate between the groups: 12 of 39 in the LA group and 13 of 42 in the GA group (P: = NS). However, the number of ischemic episodes was significantly increased in the GA group (18 vs. 13 in the LA group) (P<0.05), and there were significantly more intraoperatively in the GA group (8 vs. 1) (P<0.01). All intraoperative ischemic events were associated with tachycardia (> or =20% of baseline), whereas postoperative ischemic changes were mostly independent of heart rate. Only one of the ischemic patients (in the GA group) was admitted as a result of intractable chest pain. There were significantly less intraoperative episodes in the LA group, suggesting that LA may be safer than GA in patients during this type of surgery.
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PMID:Perioperative myocardial ischemia in cataract surgery patients: general versus local anesthesia. 1147 94

Aspirin used in cardiovascular disease is probably the best evaluated and the most highly cost effective prophylactic available in clinical practice today. It has been evaluated in over 150 randomised controlled trials and a small daily dose of around 100 mg has been shown to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction and stroke by about 30 per cent. The saving of lives and prevention of vascular events in patients judged to be at increased risk of a vascular event for any reason is large. In healthy subjects, however, the risk of a vascular event is so low that prophylaxis by any drug is inappropriate. The earlier aspirin is given in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction the greater the saving of lives. Patients judged to be at increased risk of a vascular event, for any reason, should therefore be advised to carry aspirin and to chew and swallow one or two tablets immediately, if they experience sudden severe chest pain. Aspirin is derived from a salicylate, and salicylates are widely distributed in nature, with many functions in plants. Its use in cardiovascular disease derives from an effect on blood platelets, but other possible effects have led to suggestions that it may be of benefit in conditions other than heart disease and stroke. Current research is now focussing on the possible reduction by aspirin in the risk of dementia, certain cancers, retarded foetal growth and cataract.
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PMID:Reducing the risk: heart disease, stroke and aspirin. 1175 54