Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty pregnant long-tailed macaques were dosed via nasogastric intubation with 0, 25, 150, or 300 micrograms/kg of L-selenomethionine (Se) daily during organogenesis [Gestational Day (GD) 20-50]. Clinical examination of the dams, maternal body weights, sonographic evaluations, clinical chemistry screens, and measures of serum progesterone and urinary estrone conjugates were used as indicators of maternal and fetal status in all animals. The pregnancies of two to three dams from each dose group were followed until term (approximately GD 165); the remainder (N = 7/dose group) were scheduled for hysterotomy on GD 100 +/- 2. A standard teratologic evaluation was performed including visceral and skeletal examinations. Fetal liver, kidney, skin, and smooth, cardiac, and skeletal muscles were examined by light microscopy; heart muscle was also evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. Neonates delivered at term remained with the dams and were removed periodically for morphometric, neurologic, behavioral, and ophthalmologic assessments on Days 1, 8, 15, 22, and 30 of age. Dose-dependent maternal toxicity as evidenced by anorexia, vomiting, and a significant reduction in body weight increased with increasing duration of Se exposure. One growth-retarded fetus was recovered on GD 131 from a compromised dam exposed to 25 micrograms/kg-day; one early embryonic death (GD 35) and two fetal deaths [GD 68 (followed by maternal death) and GD 123] occurred among animals dosed with 300 micrograms/kg-day. Pregnancy loss among treated animals was not significantly different from concurrent or historical controls. No statistically significant treatment-related effects were observed at necropsy on GD 100 +/- 2. One infant exposed to 150 micrograms/kg-day prenatally exhibited a unilateral cortical cataract, which may have been a spontaneous occurrence. The limited developmental effects observed and reported teratogenesis in nonmammalian species suggest that comparative pharmacokinetic studies are required before the full public health significance of elevated Se is understood.
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PMID:Developmental toxicity of L-selenomethionine in Macaca fascicularis. 201 39

An acute open angle glaucoma of the right eye was diagnosed in an 8-year-old male Yorkshire terrier which was presented with anorexia, depression, and trembling. Abnormal findings of the right eye on admission included elevated intraocular pressure (IOP; 40 mmHg), the presence of fibrin and flare in the anterior chamber, and immature cataract. Morphological abnormalities of the iridocorneal angle were not detected, and an open angle was seen in the eye. Although an elevated IOP was observed at one year after admission, lowering IOP (< or = 24 mmHg) was maintained with medical therapy using dichlorphenamide (DCPA) and timolol maleate, DCPA alone, or no-treatment for 1973 days. This case suggests that lower IOP can be maintained with medical therapy alone for a long period in a patient with open angle glaucoma.
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PMID:Long-term management of a glaucomatous eye in a dog treated with medical therapy alone. 1178 11

Curcumin is the active ingredient of turmeric that has been consumed as a dietary spice for ages. Turmeric is widely used in traditional Indian medicine to cure biliary disorders, anorexia, cough, diabetic wounds, hepatic disorders, rheumatism, and sinusitis. Extensive investigation over the last five decades has indicated that curcumin reduces blood cholesterol, prevents low-density lipoprotein oxidation, inhibits platelet aggregation, suppresses thrombosis and myocardial infarction, suppresses symptoms associated with type II diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, inhibits HIV replication, enhances wound healing, protects from liver injury, increases bile secretion, protects from cataract formation, and protects from pulmonary toxicity and fibrosis. Evidence indicates that the divergent effects of curcumin are dependent on its pleiotropic molecular effects. These include the regulation of signal transduction pathways and direct modulation of several enzymatic activities. Most of these signaling cascades lead to the activation of transcription factors. Curcumin has been found to modulate the activity of several key transcription factors and, in turn, the cellular expression profiles. Curcumin has been shown to elicit vital cellular responses such as cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation by activating a cascade of molecular events. In this chapter, we briefly review the effects of curcumin on transcription factors NF-KB, AP-1, Egr-1, STATs, PPAR-gamma, beta-catenin, nrf2, EpRE, p53, CBP, and androgen receptor (AR) and AR-related cofactors giving major emphasis to the molecular mechanisms of its action.
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PMID:Modulation of transcription factors by curcumin. 1756 8

Ciclosporin is an immunosuppressive drug that has been used to treat allergies and other immune-mediated diseases in cats, dogs and humans. Information about the adverse effects of ciclosporin in cats has been limited to smaller studies and case reports. Adverse effects in dogs are mainly gastrointestinal in nature, but humans can also experience hypertension and altered renal function. The aim of this retrospective case series study was to document the occurrence and clinical appearance of adverse events in cats receiving ciclosporin to treat allergic skin disease. The medical records of 50 cats with allergic dermatitis treated with oral ciclosporin (1.9-7.3 mg/kg/day) were reviewed. Adverse events occurred in 66% (33 cats). Adverse events likely to be associated with ciclosporin included the following: vomiting or diarrhoea within 1-8 weeks of receiving ciclosporin (24%), weight loss (16%), anorexia and subsequent hepatic lipidosis (2%) and gingival hyperplasia (2%). Other adverse events less likely to be associated with ciclosporin therapy included the following: weight gain (14%), dental tartar and gingivitis (10%), otitis (4%), chronic diarrhoea (4%), inflammatory bowel disease with indolent gastrointestinal lymphoma (2%), urinary tract infection (2%), cataract (2%), elevated liver enzymes (2%), hyperthyroidism and renal failure (2%) and transient inappropriate urination (2%). Some cats experienced multiple adverse events. Case-control studies are needed to prove cause and effect of ciclosporin with regard to these adverse events.
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PMID:Adverse events in 50 cats with allergic dermatitis receiving ciclosporin. 2154 60

Toxocariasis is a helminthozoonotic disease caused by ascarid larvae of Toxocara genus: Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati. In the reported study, the clinical course of toxocariasis and administered therapy were evaluated in 103 children. The majority of the children (68.9%) were from the rural environment, with a prevalence of boys (62.1%). At diagnosis of infection, 36 (35%) children reported recurrent abdominal pain, 19 (18.4%) headache, 6 (5.8%) loss of appetite, 2 subfebrile conditions, and 2 arthralgia, Moreover, 23 (22.3%) children demonstrated symptoms of atopic diseases; in 30 (29.1%) children, moderate enlargement of lymphatic nodes was noted. In five children (4.9%), ophthalmic examination revealed unilateral changes in the eye: in two cases retinitis; in one case fibrotic lesions in the vitreous body, complicated 1 year from diagnosis by retinal detachment; and in other children parafoveal lesions and cataract. Only two children with ocular changes at diagnosis reported visual disorders. In 64.3% of children, eosinophilia was observed. A covert form of the disease was diagnosed in 95.1% of the children and an ocular form in 4.9%. In all the children, antiparasitic treatment was implemented, repeated several times in some of them. After therapy, the mean titer of specific antibodies, the number of children with abdominal pains and enlarged lymphatic nodes were decreased, while headaches maintained at unchanged levels. In approximately one fourth of the children with negative results of antibodies after the therapy, the symptoms of the disease were still reported. Evaluation of the efficacy of treatment is not easy due to non-characteristic symptoms and low kinetics of specific anti Toxocara IgG decrease; however, high IgG titers suggest non-effective treatment of concomitant infection requiring subsequent therapy. Due to risk of ocular form, which may develop in any stage of the disease, irrespectively of specific antibodies concentrations, it seems justified to implement antiparasitic treatment in all children infected with T. canis.
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PMID:Analysis of the course and treatment of toxocariasis in children-a long-term observation. 2220 49

Homocysteine remethylation disorders are rare inherited disorders caused by a deficient activity of the enzymes involved in the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine. The adolescent/adult-onset remethylation disorders are rarely reported. We analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of seven cases with adolescent/adult remethylation disorders, including 5 cases of the cobalamin C disease (cblC) and 2 cases of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency. The average onset age was 21.1 (range 14 to 40) years. All patients complained of gait disturbances. Other common symptoms included psychiatric symptoms (5/7) and cognitive decline (4/7). Acute encephalopathy, dysarthria, anorexia, vomiting, ketoacidosis, anemia, cataract, and hand tremor were also observed. The mean total homocysteine in serum when the patients were diagnosed was 94.6 (range 53.1-154.5) mol/L. Electrophysiological studies revealed neuropathy in the lower limbs (6/7). The brain MRI showed reversible altered signal from the dorsal portions of the cerebellar hemispheres (1/7), periventricular hyperintensity (2/7), and delayed/impaired myelination (2/7). The sural nerve biopsy performed in one case showed a modest loss of myelinated fibers. Five patients showed heterozygous mutations of the MMACHC gene, including c.482G>A (5/5), c.609G>A (2/5), and c.658-660delAAG (3/5). Two patients showed heterozygous mutations of the MTHFR gene, including c.698C>A (2/2), c.698C>G (1/2), and c.236+1G>A (1/2). The patients responded well to the treatments with significant improvements. Adolescent/adult-onset remethylation disorders are easily misdiagnosed. We recommend testing the serum homocysteine concentrations in young/adult patients with unexplained neuro-psychotic symptoms. Furthermore, individuals with significantly elevated serum homocysteine concentrations should be further tested by organic acid screening and genetic analysis.
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PMID:Adolescent/adult-onset homocysteine remethylation disorders characterized by gait disturbance with/without psychiatric symptoms and cognitive decline: a series of seven cases. 3300 Mar 30