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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of 18 cases of combined cataract extraction and keratophakia are presented. Initial results indicate that these procedures may replace the use of alloplastic materials for the correction of aphakic ametropia either as a primary or a secondary procedure.
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PMID:Keratophakia: a preliminary evaluation. 53 57

According to the 1987 National Epidemiological Survey of Blindness and Low Vision, the prevalence of blindness in China was 0.43%, resulting chiefly from cataract (41.06%), corneal diseases (15.38%), trachoma (10.87%), and glaucoma (8.80%); the prevalence of low vision was 0.58%, of which the main causes were cataract (49.83%), ametropia/amblyopia (14.98%), trachoma (9.55%), corneal diseases (8.48%), chorioretinal diseases (6.27%), etc. Among children under 14 years of age, the leading cause of blindness and low vision was hereditary diseases (48.46%), and among the elderly of 60 years and over, the leading cause of blindness and low vision was cataract (73.13%).
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PMID:[The 1987 National Epidemiological Survey of Blindness and Low Vision in China]. 129 76

According to the National Sample Survey of Blindness and Low Vision, the prevalence of blindness in China was 0.43%, resulting chiefly from cataract (41.06%), corneal diseases (15.38%), trachoma (10.87%), and glaucoma (8.80%); and the prevalence of low vision in China was 0.58%, of which the main causes were cataract (49.83%), ametropia/amblyopia (14.98%), trachoma (9.55%), corneal diseases (8.48%), chorioretinal diseases (6.27%), etc. Among children under 14 years of age, the leading cause of blindness and low vision was heredity (48.46%). Among elderly of 60 years and over, the leading cause of blindness and low vision was cataract (73.13%).
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PMID:National epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in China. 145 68

Four methods (by means of Smirnova-Korniushina's aberrometer; with the help of aberroscope--Cherning's lattice; by presenting a figure of a cross; and by automatic refractometry through different portions of the pupil) were used for studying aberration of the optic system of the eye in 490 persons. Among them, 37 were healthy persons, 27--patients with ametropia of moderate degree, 24--with high myopia, 9--with astigmatism above 3.0 D, 16--with monocular diplopia, 327--with keratoconus, 7--with scars of the cornea, 21--with initial cataract, 47--after keratotomy. In norm and in ametropia to 6.0 D, a histogram of refraction distribution by the pupil has a small disperse and a pronounced peak, the Cherning's lattice is straight. In high myopia, the disperse of refraction increases, the peak is slightly pronounced, the lattice is curved along the margins. In astigmatism, the disperse of refraction is great, but there can be peaks. The whole lattice is curved. In monocular diplopia, two more peaks can be seen on the histogram. The lattice is greatly curved. In keratoconus, aberrometry without correction is possible only at the initial stage and shows a rather mixed picture. The histogram of refraction represents a low irregular row. In aberroscopy, the bands are greatly curved, frequently overstep the bounds of the frame that itself looses a form of a circle, becomes oval or polygonal. Contact correction improves the aberration picture considerably. In scars of the cornea, the lattice is distorted and infrequently repeats their forms. In initial cataract, the course of the bands becomes interrupted and rounded spots appear between them.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Aberrometry in the diagnosis of eye diseases]. 209 74

The causes of chromatic aberration were elucidated by Newton in 1704, though in regard to the eye the phenomenon has been a subject of controversy. The chromatic aberration of the eye has long been used to determine refraction. In principle, blurred coloured circles are visible which depend on the chromatic aberration of the eye and lead to perception of different contrasts in the dark optotypes presented in the two coloured fields, depending on the real ametropia or correction conditions. Uniform perception of contrast by the subject is used as the criterion for correction. As regards the red-green test, it appears doubtful that the results are not influenced by protanopia and brunescent cataract. Therefore, the contrast thresholds of 8 protanopic patients and 5 patients with brunescent cataract were examined. This was done using special red and green lenses (produced by VEB Carl Zeiss Jena) under individual conditions with Landolt's rings. Characteristic differences in the contrast thresholds for red and green were found. For bichromatic tests no procedure has been defined, and neither the wave-lengths to be used nor the reference wavelength have been laid down. The results can be affected by numerous physical, physiological and pathological factors. The accuracy and practical usefulness of red-green tests are questionable. Therefore, it does not appear justified to equip ophthalmological examination instruments for such tests.
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PMID:[The value of the red-green test]. 239 7

Patients about to undergo cataract extraction were assessed clinically using several criteria to try and judge the necessity for biometry. The patients judged not to need biometry were allocated randomly to two groups, one of which had biometry. The only significant clinical criterion for biometry was found to be the wearing of glasses since before the age of 30 years. Several unexpectedly high refractive errors occurred in the group of patients who did not have biometry. In the group of patients judged not to need biometry but allocated to the biometry group, refractive results were significantly better (nearer to target refractions) than in the unmeasured group. Routine pre-operative biometry is probably the only way to avoid unexpected high ametropia, and it also improves the refractive results. There is however much room for improvement in the accuracy of biometry.
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PMID:Clinical indications for intraocular lens power calculation: a prospective randomised study. 263 Mar 48

An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Chongqing showed that in a random sample of 13,832, there were 62 cases of bilateral blindness and 97 cases of bilateral low vision, the prevalences being 0.45% (male 0.38%, female 0.52%) and 0.70% (male 0.50%, female 0.90%) respectively. The prevalences in people over 60 years of age were significantly higher. The important blinding diseases were cataract, infectious keratitis, corneal turbidity, glaucoma, trachoma, and ametropia/amblyopia.
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PMID:[An epidemiological survey of blindness and low vision in Chongqing]. 263 8

The postoperative refraction prediction was evaluated in 99 patients with a 19.0-diopter standard power anterior chamber lens using a theoretical, computer-assisted method based on Gaussian optics and an empirical intraocular lens calculation method based on the SRK formula. Both the theoretical and the empirical predictions accorded with the observed values in the near emmetropia region. In the prediction of ametropia, the SRK method showed a tendency to predict refractions that were lower than the actual values in hyperopic eyes and higher than the actual values in myopic eyes. The bias of the SRK method may be due to the use of an erroneous refraction factor that converts the ametropia to the deviation in implant power from the emmetropia power. By introducing an individual refraction factor, the accuracy of the SRK method approached that of the theoretical method.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1987 Mar
PMID:Theoretical, computer-assisted prediction versus SRK prediction of postoperative refraction after intraocular lens implantation. 357 70

A computer program that will simultaneously solve five of the major intraocular lens (IOL) equations predicting the primary implant power required for emmetropia or ametropia is presented. The program can, alternatively, predict the degree of ametropia given the power of an IOL. The resultant predictions are analyzed using weighted and unweighted statistics, predicting a mean and a standard deviation. The results are displayed in a table which lists the prediction and the percent deviation from the weighted mean for each equation. The program features automatic averaging of keratometer readings, ultrasound axial length corrections, and an algorithm for estimating postoperative anterior chamber depth.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 Sep
PMID:IOLSTAT--a program for comprehensive intraocular lens equation comparison with statistical analysis. 377 96

In the ophthalmological field, it is not always easy to adopt a primary prevention. Much more useful would be a secondary prevention program towards the affections at birth or those later developed that, if diagnosed and treated early, grant a normal visual development. Differentiated prevention can be carried out, according to various ages: at the tender age congenital glaucoma and cataract, strabism, ametropia, anisometropia (possible cause of amblyopia) have to be considered; in the adult-senile age must be prevented damages due to hypertension, diabetes, thrombosis, as well as cataract, glaucoma, uveitis, kerato-conjunctivitis and retinal detachment.
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PMID:Epidemiological aspects, development and management of prevention in ophthalmology in relation to different ages. 747 19


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