Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral administration of quercitrin, an inhibitor of aldose reductase, leads to a significant decrease in the accumulation of sorbitol in the lens of diabetic Octodon degus. The onset of cataract is effectively delayed when quercitrin is continuously administered. Thus in these diabetic animals, as in galactosemic rats, the use of an effective aldose reductase inhibitor impedes the course of cataract development. These observations support the hypothesis that in diabetes, as in galactosemia, aldose reductase plays a key role in initiating the formation of lens opacity.
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PMID:Diabetic cataracts and flavonoids. 40 44

The visual functions, before and after surgery, of 19 children with bilateral congenital cataract are evaluated. Some of the children, in spite of the poor vision before surgery and the late age at surgery, developed good vision with binocular functions. These children probably had an incomplete lens opacity in their early childhood which became completely opaque at an age at which irreversible stimulus deprivation amblyopia is unlikely to develop. Therefore, children over the age of 6 years with poor vision due to congenital cataract, on whom no information is available concerning the density of their lens opacities in early childhood, should not be regarded as having a poor visual prognosis.
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PMID:Visual functions following bilateral surgery of congenital cataracts in children. 45 28

A structure ocular toxicity study in the rat of (4' - pyridyl) - 1 piperazine and of some derivatives with psychopharmacological profile, allows some interesting conclusions. (4' - pyridyl) - 1 piperazine does not lead to crystalline lens opacity, though some aryloxypropanol or aryloxypropyl derivatives do. At least, (2' - pyridyl) - 1 piperazine and one aryloxpropanol derivative do not improve cataract. So the appearance of cataracts is probably due to substitution of an alkylaryl side chain on the N-4 position of (4' - pyridyl) - piperazine.
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PMID:Induction of cataracts in the rat by derivatives of (4' -pyridyl) - 1 piperazine. 50 49

In 2 clinical studies of canine cataract, mostly bilateral, intraocular injection of orgotein (Palosein: Diagnostic Data) was followed by varying degrees of clearing of lens opacity and return of functional vision in 39 of 56 dogs, most of which were given 1 injection (1.25 mg). First evidence of sight return and lens clearing was observed at 3-14 weeks post-treatment. In 2 dogs, clearing of cataract was followed by recurrence, and repeat treatment in one of these effected improvement. Although these results must be considered preliminary, in part because they relate to clinical cases not susceptible to controlled study, the apparent success rate suggests the feasibility of larger-scale studies under controlled conditions.
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PMID:Preliminary observations on orgotein treatment of canine cataract. 59 53

15 patients with kidney transplants were followed up for a period of 3 to 45 months. All but one developed lenticular opacities in the posterior subsapsular region. The opacities were classified according to their severity. It could be shown that the cataract index was correlated to the total amount of corticosteroids given. There is probably an additional effect of age and azathioprin therapy. Possibly, the time of treatment with intermittent hemodialysis also influences cataract development.
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PMID:[Corticosteroid cataracts following kidney transplantation. Investigations on the influence of additional factors upon the development of opacities (author's transl)]. 109 98

Lenses of CFI mice were studied with the transmission electron microscope at frequent intervals through 13 months following a transcorneal needle injury to the lens. While this kind of injury causes a high incidence of traumatic cataract in the human and frog, it elicits a repair process in the mouse lens whereby the damaged capsule, epithelium and lens fibers are rapidly renewed and permanent lens opacity seldom occurs. Ultrastructural changes in lens epithelial cells adjacent to the wound, which precede and accompany localized cellular proliferation and production of new capsule, involve a rapid increase or enlargement of organelles associated with protein synthesis and assembly. The capsule and epithelium are repaired within a couple of months. Cortical lens fibers in the wound area undergo conformational changes into smaller, ordered arrays of "membranous sacs". These are replaced within a week by normal appearing lens fibers. There is minimal degeneration or hyperplasia noted, and except for a few fibroblastic cells on the lens surface, little evidence remains of the injury by two months. Ultrastructural differences between mouse and human lens, such as presence or absence of dense bundles of microfilaments and desmosomes are considered in relation to lens shape and tension, and susceptibility to injury-induced cataract.
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PMID:Ultrastructural studies of traumatic cataractogenesis: observations of a repair process in mouse lens. 111 5

Loss of visual field subserving macular function has been found to be rare after intraocular surgery in advanced glaucoma. Abrupt changes in refractive error, lens opacity, and suppression must be carefully excluded before macular fixation is deemed lost. Out of 69 intraocular procedures (46 drainage operations, 13 cataract extractons) two patients lost central visual field subserving macular fixation possibly as a result of surgery. There is an increased incidence of postoperative maculopathy in late glaucoma. Three drainage operations out of 46 and four cataract extractions out of 13 had this complication. Altogether 30% of drainage procedures induced deterioration of visual acuity of lenticular origin to a level normally requiring cataract extraction. Trabeculectomy was found to be less likely to cause this sequela than the Scheie procedure at the 6 month postoperative stage. However, 77% of patients with advanced glaucoma and cataract obtained a satisfactory improvement in visual status after cataract extraction.
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PMID:Intraocular surgery in advanced glaucoma. 126 72

A newly developed hereditary cataract rat named Shumiya Cataract Rat (SCR) is introduced. The lens opacity manifests spontaneously in the nuclear and perinuclear portions of the lens in this model at 11 weeks of age. Raman optical dissection studies reveal that lens protein disulfide bonds are considerably decreased in the SCR opaque lens nucleus. This tendency is also detected in the precataractous stage. The simultaneous increase of lens protein sulfhydryl groups is observed in the affected lens nucleus. The glutathione disulfide (oxidized glutathione) level, on the contrary, is elevated in the SCR opaque lens, whereas the glutathione sulfhydryl (reduced glutathione) level is decreased. It is suggested that the impaired formation of protein disulfide bonds is related to lens opacification in a hereditary manner.
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PMID:Alteration of lens disulfide bonds in newly developed hereditary cataract rat. 128 18

The capacity of myeloperoxidase which is the product of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to induce the lens opacity was studied in young and old rabbits. It was found that the injection of myeloperoxidase solution into anterior chamber of the eye causes the irreversible lens opacification in old rabbits, not in young ones. Light microscopy of the lens section has shown the following alterations: the local thickening of the anterior capsule, disorderly accumulation of epithelial cells, formation of so-called "bladder cells" under the lens epithelium. Changes in experimental eyes are typical for cataract.
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PMID:[The role of myeloperoxidase, a product of the polymorphonuclear leukocytes, in the pathogenesis of cataract]. 133 3

Exfoliation syndrome as a possible risk factor for morphologic changes of the optic nerve was examined in 66 patients with unilateral exfoliation and no glaucoma. K-readings (7.74 +/- 0.3 mm and 7.75 +/- 0.3 mm), axial lengths (23.1 +/- 1.1 mm and 23.1 +/- 1.1 mm), and refraction (+ 0.9 +/- 2.3 mm and + 1.1 +/- 2.3 mm) did not differ in exfoliative and contralateral nonexfoliative eyes. The mean intraocular pressure (IOP) difference, 17.2 +/- 3.3 mmHg and 15.6 +/- 3.2 mmHg, respectively, was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The mean visual acuity difference, 0.8 +/- 0.3 and 0.9 +/- 0.2, respectively, was significant (P < 0.05). The difference in visual acuity between the pairs of eyes was explained by the more frequent subcapsular cataract in exfoliative eyes. Lens opacity values (opacity lens meter), 27.9 +/- 8.3 and 28.0 +/- 8.4 opacity units, respectively, were similar. Disc area, neuroretinal rim area, rim/disc ratio, cup area, and cup volume values analyzed with the Imagenet (Topcon) nerve head analyzer did not differ significantly between the eyes. It was concluded that exfoliation as such does not induce optic nerve head changes but indicates a risk factor for elevated IOP and lens opacification.
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PMID:Exfoliation syndrome as a risk factor for optic disc changes in nonglaucomatous eyes. 142 30


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