Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty five eyes with up to 2 dioptres of myopic astigmatism and up to 1 dioptre sphere either plus or minus following cataract extraction and implantation of a monofocal intraocular lens were examined to assess their unaided visual acuities. Forty three percent were able to see 6/12 and N8, and 60% were able to see 6/12 and N10. Subjects with between 1 and 2 dioptres of myopic astigmatism and virtually no sphere were able to see 6/12 and N10 in 82% of cases. This study confirms the benefits to both distance and near vision of myopic astigmatism as an alternative to multifocal intraocular lenses.
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PMID:Optimal postoperative refraction for good unaided near and distance vision with monofocal intraocular lenses. 139 May 15

Endocrine abnormalities in myotonic dystrophy (MyD) reflect some of the multi-systemic involvement resulting from this disorder. One of these, abnormal insulin secretion, is considered to be caused by receptor dysfunction. Bone abnormalities, cataract and calcium transport defect suggest the abnormal calcium metabolism in MyD. The calcium metabolism is chiefly regulated by parathyroid hormone (PTH). An interest in the similarity between MyD and pseudohypoparathyroidism, which is a disorder of PTH receptor dysfunction, encouraged the authors to evaluate renal PTH receptor function from the responses of urinary adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphate excretion after administration of human PTH(1-34). The responses of cAMP were high in 3 cases, low in one case, but normal in the 4 other cases. The phosphaturic responses were elevated in 3 cases, reduced in 3 cases, and normal in 2 other cases. Since these abnormal responses closely mimic those in hypoparathyroidism, there may also be renal PTH receptor dysfunction in some cases of MyD. The results of the present study suggest another peptide hormone receptor defect, similar to insulin, which supports the hypothesis of generalised receptor dysfunction in MyD.
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PMID:Evaluation of renal parathyroid hormone receptor function in myotonic dystrophy. 299 4

This brief review examines aging at the cellular level as expressed by cell replication rates in vivo, clone size limits in vitro, and cell function in several tissues and organs. Studies are presented in which in vivo and in vitro cell replication measurements were made for several cell types and organs in relation to animal age, diet, life span, and specific age-related pathologies. Among the events examined that affect cell replication and cell survival in vitro and in vivo over a lifetime are oxidative damage, telomere shortening, and hormone and hormone receptor level changes. Long-term caloric restriction (CR) is favorable or protective for all of these events when measured in later life and comparisons are made to ad libitum (AL)-fed animals, and it is accompanied by more youthful rates of cell replication. It is proposed that in vivo and in vitro measures of cellular replication constitute biomarkers of aging when applied to comparisons of CR and AL diet rodents, where they correlate with the delay of disease and extension of life span. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this. The occurrence of certain age-related pathophysiologic states, such as immune (T cell) insufficiency, cataract, and senile osteopenia/osteoporosis, are accompanied by major diminishments of replication rates, numbers, and functions of the essential cell types in the organs and tissues involved. However, direct evidence is lacking that diminished cell replication in specific organs contributes to the limitation of life span.
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PMID:The relationships of animal age and caloric intake to cellular replication in vivo and in vitro: a review. 1061 13