Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Any breach in the continuity of the posterior capsule is defined as a posterior capsule tear. Posterior capsule tears can be preexisting (congenital or traumatic), spontaneous, or intrasurgical. Preexisting/congenital posterior capsule tears have been related to an intrauterine insult. Posterior capsule tears due to trauma may occur as a consequence of direct mechanical impact due to perforation or blunt injury. Depending on the duration of time between the posterior capsular trauma and the cataract surgery, these posterior capsule tears can have different features. Intrasurgical posterior capsule tears are the most common and can occur during any stage of cataract surgery. Also, they may be planned in the form of primary posterior capsulorhexis. The conventional management consists of prevention of mixture of cortical matter with vitreous, dry aspiration, and anterior vitrectomy, if required. In addition, during phacoemulsification low flow rate, high vacuum, and low ultrasound are advocated if a posterior capsule tear occurs. Dislocated nucleus or nuclear fragments require vitrectomy and the use of perfluorocarbon liquids. In the presence of a posterior capsule tear, the IOL can be placed in the sulcus, if the capsular rim is available, or in the bag, if the tear is small. Scleral fixated posterior chamber lenses and anterior chamber IOLs can be implanted when the posterior capsule tear is large.
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PMID:Management of posterior capsule tears. 1180 Dec 79

The diagnosis and surgical management of cataracts in children has benefitted from improvements in microsurgical techniques. Intraocular lens placement has become standard in children 2 years of age and older. Initial experience with intraocular lens implantation in infants found a high rate of surgical complications. However, refinements in surgical techniques may lesson these complications. Posterior capsule opacification is a frequent postoperative problem after pediatric cataract surgery. Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy is an effective means to prevent opacification of the visual axis in children.
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PMID:Management of pediatric cataract and lens opacities. 1180 87

Posterior polar cataract is associated with a deficiency of the posterior capsule in a high percentage of cases, leading to a high incidence of capsule rupture and potential vitreous loss. We describe an approach that minimizes the risk of vitreous loss. The key is viscodissection, a technique that can be applicable in other situations.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2002 May
PMID:Minimizing risk to the capsule during surgery for posterior polar cataract. 1197 49

Ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma is caused by the posterior flow of aqueous humor into or behind the vitreous. It is a rare complication of anterior segment surgery in humans. This is a report of ciliary block glaucoma occurring as a postoperative complication of cataract surgery in a llama. Medical management was ineffective in lowering intraocular pressure (IOP). Posterior capsulotomy and anterior hyaloid disruption with a 22-gauge needle, in addition to medical management maintained IOP in the normal range until anterior vitrectomy could be performed. After vitrectomy, glaucoma resolved and medical treatment was no longer necessary.
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PMID:Aqueous misdirection and ciliary block (malignant) glaucoma after cataract removal in a llama. 1207 66

The postoperative period following extracapsular cataract extraction in children and young people is as a rule characterized by opacities of the posterior capsule of the lens and fibrosis of anterior borderline vitreous membrane, requiring reoperations. The key factor in prevention of reoperations in surgery for congenital cataracts and cataracts of different etiology in children and youths is primary posterior capsulorrhexis with anterior vitrectomy. Posterior capsulorrhexis without anterior vitrectomy is recommended for patients aged over 14 years, in whom vitreous fibrosis is less probable.
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PMID:[Features of cataract surgery in children and adolescents]. 1209 37

Implantation of an Intraocular Posterior-chamber Lens for a Phacik Eye from STAAR Surgical Co. in Medium and Higher Grades of Myopia and Hyperopia Implantation of an intraocular Collamer lens for a phacic eye produced by STAAR Surgical (ICL) co. is a modern method of correction of medium and high-grade refractive defects--myopia and hyperopia. The authors evaluate the results of implantation of ICL Staar Surgical in 20 eyes of 13 patients (1 man and 12 women). Their mean age was 31.36 +/- 9.21 years and the follow-up period 1-54 months (mean 28.8 months +/- 12.42). The group was divided into two sub-groups--hyperopia (8 eyes) and myopia (12 eyes). The mean value of refraction before surgery was 28 D +/- 2.03 and +0.25 Dcyl manifest (in cycloplegia +7.6 +/- 2.28 D) (from 3.75 D to 10.0 D) in the group of hyperopia and -14.25 D +/- 5.68 and -1.81 Dcyl (from -5.5 D to -25.0 D) in the myopic group. The required postoperative refraction was in 17 eyes emmetropia and in 3 eyes residual myopia up to -3.0 D with regard to incipient presbyopia. The authors evaluate the resultant best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), the resultant postoperative refraction, the incidence of postoperative complications and changed density of endothelial cells in the centre of the cornea in the course of time. In the group of hyperopia improvement of the BCVA as compared with the preoperative value occurred by one line in two eyes (25%), in 5 eyes (62.5%) BCVA remained unchanged. In one instance deterioration by one line occurred due to a diminution of endothelial cells in the centre of the cornea after surgery. In the group of myopia in 7 eyes (58.3%) improvement by 1 line occurred, in 2 eyes (16.7%) by 2 lines and in 3 cases (25%) BCVA remained unchanged. The mean value of postoperative refraction in the myopic group in required emmetropia (9 eyes) was -0.77 +/- 1.62 D and in required residual myopia (3 eyes) -1.5 +/- 1.32 D. The mean value of postoperative refraction in the group of hyperopia was +0.57 +/- 0.5 D for far sight and +1.28 +/- 0.58 D for near sight. The most frequent early postoperative complications included keratitis striata in 5, epithelopathy in 3 and residues of viscoelastic material behind the ICL in 3 eyes. As to late postoperative complications, in 2 eyes a change in endothelial cell density was involved, in 12 eyes the syndrome of pigment dispersal and in one eye late decentration of ICL occurred with subsequent anterior subcapsular cataract. The change in density of endothelial cells was most markedly expressed 3 months after surgery in the hyperopic group. The advantage of ICL implantation is rapid postoperative visual rehabilitation, reversibility of the operation, preserved accommodation and satisfactory stability of the postoperative refraction.
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PMID:[Implantation of the Starr Surgical intraocular posterior chamber lenses for phakic eyes in medium and higher levels of myopia and hyperopia]. 1268 Jan 16

The objective of this study was to describe the clinical, histologic and immunohistochemical features, the surgical treatment, and outcome of a cataract secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in a dog. A 4-month-old male Bloodhound dog presented for evaluation of a cataract. A complete ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography were performed. A resorbing cataract with intralenticular hemorrhage, lens induced uveitis, and PHTVL/PHPV were diagnosed. Extracapsular cataract extraction using phacoemulsification was performed. A primary posterior capsulectomy was performed to remove a retrolental plaque with the posterior capsule; the excised plaque was submitted for histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. A 41-Diopter intraocular lens (IOL) was implanted. Functional vision was maintained postoperatively during the 21-month follow-up period. Histologically, the posterior capsule was coiled and exhibited duplication. The retrolental plaque was comprised of dense fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels, free red blood cells, hemosiderin-laden macrophages, a pocket of neural tissue and numerous perivascular mast cells. With immunohistochemical staining, the neural elements were determined to be glial cells compatible with astrocytes. Cataract secondary to PHTVL/PHPV can be successfully treated using phacoemulsification and planned posterior capsulectomy. Posterior lens capsule duplication, mast cells and astrocytic glial cells may be normal components of the fibrovascular retrolental plaque associated with PHTVL/PHPV.
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PMID:Surgical management and histologic and immunohistochemical features of a cataract and retrolental plaque secondary to persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis/persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV) in a Bloodhound puppy. 1531 Feb 98

We report the learning curves of three eye surgeons converting from sutureless extracapsular cataract extraction to phacoemulsification using different teaching methods. Posterior capsule rupture (PCR) as a per-operative complication and visual outcome of the first 100 operations were analysed. The PCR rate was 4% and 15% in supervised and unsupervised surgery respectively. Likewise, an uncorrected visual acuity of > or = 6/18 on the first postoperative day was seen in 62 (62%) of patients and in 22 (22%) in supervised and unsupervised surgery respectively.
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PMID:Learning phacoemulsification. Results of different teaching methods. 1551 Apr 64

The study was carried out in Meshed, Islamic Republic of Iran, from 1998 to 2000 to explore the visual outcome of eye surgery with extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens replacement on 18 leprosy patients (20 eyes). The most common complications of leprosy were madarosis (90%) and partial or total corneal opacity (90%). Visual acuity before surgery ranged from 'light perception' to 1/10, and this improved after surgery to 5/10-8/10 for 55% of patients. Postoperative infection leading to endophthalmitis occurred in only 1 patient and was treated with drugs; this patient's visual acuity remained at 10 cm finger count. Posterior synechia due to chronic uveitis in leprosy was diagnosed in 70% of eyes, obstructed iris in 25%, keratic precipitates in 25% and moderate iris atrophia in 10%.
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PMID:Visual outcome of extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens replacement in leprosy patients. 1620 26

To obtain the best statistical model for a previous study of cataract prevalence in atomic-bomb survivors, we tested the fitness of the threshold model in an updated dataset of the study, utilizing re-diagnosis by a single ophthalmologist, use of the DS02 dosimetry system, and separation of the in utero group. The results suggest that, in 730 atomic-bomb survivors, we cannot conclude thresholds are greater than 0 Sv in cortical cataract and posterior sub-capsular opacity since the lower 90% confidence limits of the thresholds were 0 Sv. Threshold dose point estimates were 0.6 Sv (90% CI, <0.0-1.2 Sv) and 0.7 Sv (90% CI, <0.0-2.8 Sv) for cortical cataract and posterior sub-capsular opacity, respectively. Detailed regression analyses with no threshold model showed that nuclear color and nuclear opacity have no dose responses (p > 0.40). Cortical cataract showed a significant dose effect (p = 0.002), with an odds ratio (OR)/Sv of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.10-1.53) and no dose-effect modifiers. Posterior sub-capsular opacity showed a significant dose effect (p < 0.001), with an OR/Sv of 1.44 at age of exposure of 10 y (95% CI, 1.19-1.73). The dose effect decreased significantly with increasing age at exposure (p = 0.022). No dose response was observed for in utero survivors (p > 0.20).
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PMID:A reanalysis of atomic-bomb cataract data, 2000-2002: a threshold analysis. 1640 73


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