Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cataract extractions were performed in 25 patients who had previously undergone pars plana vitrectomy. Posterior chamber IOLs were implanted in 20 of 26 eyes. Modification of the usual surgical technique was often necessary because the zonules and/or posterior capsule were unusually mobile. Lens opacities were nuclear sclerotic in 17 eyes (65%) and posterior subcapsular in nine eyes (35%). Visual acuity improved an average of five lines, and final visual acuity was 20/50 or better in 13 eyes (50%). Visual acuity after cataract extraction closely paralleled the best visual acuity after vitreous surgery in all patients. Complications were tears in the posterior capsule in two eyes and postoperative vitreous hemorrhage in one eye. These complications did not limit final vision.
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PMID:Cataract extraction after vitrectomy. 360 63

Posterior peribulbar anesthesia is a safe alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery. Because the anesthetic is deposited outside the muscle cone, the potential for intraocular or intradural injection is greatly minimized. Furthermore, intraconal hemorrhage and direct optic nerve injury is avoided. We illustrate the details of our technique for posterior peribulbar anesthesia and describe our experience in over 1,600 cases.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 Mar
PMID:Posterior peribulbar anesthesia: an alternative to retrobulbar anesthesia. 370 37

Posterior iris chafing by the loop or the optic portion of sulcusfixated posterior chamber lens implants may cause a spectrum of disorders that include iris-pigment epithelial "window defects," pigment dispersion with or without elevation of intraocular pressure, intermittent microhyphemas with transient visual obscurations, and the UGH syndrome. It appears that secondary pigmentary glaucoma is more likely with planar loop design than with angulated loops. Optic and loop materials may play a role in the development of the disorder. Implantation of both supporting loops of the implant within the capsular bag is suggested to prevent posterior iris chafing.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 May
PMID:Pseudophakic posterior iris chafing syndrome. 371 62

We performed endocapsular phacoemulsification on 17 eyes of 15 patients between November 1984 and February 1985. Phacoemulsification was performed intracapsularly through a small incision in the anterior capsule. The inner wall of the bag was cleaned with the Cavitron handpiece. Posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was performed completely in the bag. A clear capsular bag was present in 15 eyes with an average follow-up of six months. Central anterior lens capsule opacity occurred in two eyes. Sixteen eyes had visual acuity better than 20/40 and nine eyes had visual acuity better than 20/20. We have changed the name of this procedure from intracapsular to endocapsular phacoemulsification to prevent confusion.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1986 Jul
PMID:Fate of the capsular bag in endocapsular phacoemulsification and complete in-the-bag intraocular lens fixation. 373 21

Data from the 1971-1972 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to examine the associations between specific cataract types and age, race, sex, number of years spent in school, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, urban versus rural residence, and average daily ultraviolet spectrum B (UV-B) radiation counts at the site of examination. Separate comparisons were made of persons with no lens changes (n = 1,299) and persons with cortical (n = 55), nuclear (n = 104), and posterior subcapsular cataracts (n = 18). Persons with more than one type of cataract were excluded from the analysis. Cortical cataracts were associated with age (relative risk (RR) = 11.4 for age 70 years vs. age 50 years), race (RR = 3.5 for blacks vs. whites), sex (RR = 3.0 for women vs. men), educational achievement (RR = 1.8 for less than nine years of schooling vs. college), and UV-B count (RR = 3.6 for 6.0 X 10(3) counts vs. (2.6 X 10(3) counts). Nuclear cataracts were associated with age (RR = 38.6 for age 70 years vs. age 50 years), race (RR = 1.8 for black vs. white), and residence (RR = 1.6 for rural vs. urban). Posterior subcapsular cataracts were associated with diabetes (RR = 6.6 for diabetes present vs. diabetes absent) and systolic blood pressure (RR = 2.2 for 160 mmHg vs. 120 mmHg). Cortical cataracts were more common in women and more often found in locations with increased UV-B radiation counts than either nuclear or posterior subcapsular cataracts. In diabetics, the risk of posterior subcapsular cataracts was greater than the risk of nuclear cataracts (p less than 0.05) and also appeared to be greater than the risk of cortical cataracts (p = 0.06).
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PMID:Epidemiologic associations with nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular cataracts. 377 74

Posterior chamber lenses with angled haptics were implanted in one eye of each of 53 patients with senile cataract. Dioptric aniseikonia was calculated between 1 month and 24 months after surgery (with Gruber's and Huber's computer program) on the basis of most recently obtained values (bulb axis length, depth of the anterior chamber, lens thickness, necessary refraction), and compared with subjective measurements taken with the phase difference haploscope. The agreement between the calculated and subjective aniseikonia was greatest when tested in a vertical meridian. However, it was not possible to predict any correlation between dioptric and subjective aniseikonia with confidence. On the basis of the test results it seems justified to aim for a minimal refractive error in the pseudophakic eye of about +/- 0.5 D in patients with hypermetropia or myopia up to 4 D, even if subjective aniseikonias of over 10% can be proved. The latter manifest great meridional differences and hardly interfere with binocular single vision.
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PMID:[Significance of aniseikonia following implantation of posterior chamber lenses]. 378 13

Three laser techniques for the treatment of glaucoma are described. The short-burn technique of argon laser iridotomy permitted perforation of the peripheral iris in one session without serious complications, thereby alleviating pupillary block in angle-closure glaucoma. The rates of successful intraocular pressure (IOP) control and visual acuity loss due to cataract progression were similar in laser iridotomy and surgical iridectomy. The tonographic outflow facility remained unchanged after argon laser iridotomy. Techniques of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) to the anterior and posterior aspects of the trabecular band were evaluated. The anterior ALT gave fewer complications, but a lower IOP control rate than the posterior ALT. Posterior ALT over 180 degrees with about 50 burns gave fewer complications than treatment over 360 degrees with about 100 burns, yet the final effects in IOP control were better after the 180 degrees than after the 360 degrees treatment. Nd-YAG laser irradiation can separate dysgenetic iris insertion from the trabecular band in developmental glaucoma without serious complications. This Nd-YAG laser goniotomy may be useful for the treatment of juvenile primary developmental glaucoma.
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PMID:Laser therapy for glaucoma. 384 Oct 3

Posterior capsulotomy is occasionally performed at the conclusion of extracapsular cataract extraction because of the high incidence of secondary membrane formation. Using a Nd:YAG laser we successfully performed posterior capsulotomies on 16 children who developed secondary membranes following extracapsular cataract extraction in which the posterior capsule was left intact. Eleven patients had congenital cataracts and five had acquired cataracts. The youngest patient was four years. All had improvement in visual acuity. Preserving most of the posterior capsule provides additional support to the eye and has been associated with a decreased incidence of cystoid macular edema. It also allows secondary implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in the future.
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PMID:Neodymium:YAG laser capsulotomy of secondary membranes in the pediatric population. 384 Nov 20

Anterior chamber lenses are currently much less popular than posterior chamber lenses. They are mainly used in conjunction with intracapsular cataract extraction, as a secondary lens implant, and as a back up lens in case of intraoperative complications of extracapsular cataract extraction. A major disadvantage of anterior chamber lenses is improper sizing. Rigid lenses cause the greatest ocular tenderness and present serious problems with errors in sizing but they are the easiest to explant. Semiflexible and flexible lenses show a greater tendency to develop peripheral anterior synechiae. This makes explanation a very difficult procedure. Posterior chamber lenses are the most popular today. There is a trend toward all-PMMA lenses because of concern over the biocompatibility of polypropylene. The use of a laser ridge may inhibit posterior capsule opacification and facilitate YAG laser posterior capsulectomy. Ultraviolet blockers are being incorporated as a copolymer of a mechanical additive. There is a major trend towards capsular bag fixation of posterior chamber lenses as a result of complications associated with sulcus-fixated lenses. These include: disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier due to loop penetration of the ciliary body; chafing of the posterior surface of the iris leading to transillumination defects, microhyphaemas, and pigment dispersion glaucoma. It is predicted that the number of cataract extractions and the percentage of intraocular lens implantations will continue to increase due to demographic factors. Budgetary allocations for research and development will increase because of the involvement of some of the giants of medical industry. This will lead to new implant materials and new surgical techniques.
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PMID:Current and future concepts of the design of the intraocular lens. 387 94

Microphthalmia, congenital cataracts, posterior lenticonus, and retinal dysplasia were observed in members of 3 litters of Akita puppies thought to be related to a common male ancestor. The electroretinograms of 3 clinically affected puppies were normal. Histological examination of 6 microphthalmic animals revealed nuclear and cortical cataract with multiple retinal folds and rosettes predominantly overlying the tapetum lucidum. Posterior lenticonus was observed histologically in 3 of the 6 puppies.
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PMID:Multiple congenital ocular defects in the Akita dog. 392 78


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