Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Occupational eye injuries are common and preventable. Between 1985 and 1991, there were 635 work-related penetrating eye injuries among the 2939 cases (22%) reported to the National Eye Trauma System Registry by 48 collaborating centers in 28 states and Washington, DC. The median age of the injured workers was 30 years; 75% were younger than 40 years; and 97% were male. The commonest causes of injuries were projectiles (457 cases), sharp objects (166 cases), blunt objects (60 cases), and blasts (22 cases); these terms are not mutually exclusive. Specific objects causing injuries included nails, wire, screwdrivers, and other hand tools. There was evidence of alcohol use by at least 2% of the injured workers. When they were injured, 6% of the workers were wearing safety glasses; 3% were wearing nonsafety eyewear. Posterior segment trauma, which occurred in 63% of the cases, included vitreous hemorrhage (42%), intraocular foreign bodies (35%), and retinal detachment (10%). Hyphema occurred in 35% and traumatic cataract in 32% of the cases. Initial visual acuity after injury was hand motion or worse in 43% of the cases. National Eye Trauma System Registry data are useful to identify strategies to prevent occupational eye injuries such as wider use of safety glasses and improvement in engineering controls.
 ...
PMID:Penetration eye injuries in the workplace. The National Eye Trauma System Registry. 159 33

We reviewed the medical records of 97 patients who had 101 consecutive intraocular lens (IOL) explantation procedures, with or without exchange, at the University of Florida Eye Center from January 1, 1983, to December 31, 1987. The majority of the removed IOLs were anterior chamber styles (53.9%), followed by iris-fixated lenses (33.7%). The most common indications for surgery included pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK)--69%, uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (UGH) syndrome--9%, and IOL instability--7%. The best visual outcome was seen in patients with IOL instability; 50% achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity. Forty one percent of patients with PBK, who had IOL explantation/exchange combined with penetrating keratoplasty, achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity. The poorest visual outcome was seen in patients with the UGH syndrome; 83% had a final acuity of 20/200 or worse. However, these patients achieved resolution of their pain and inflammation and better control of their intraocular pressure as a result of the surgery. Complications leading to IOL explantation tended to occur months to years after the original surgery in patients with closed-loop, semi-flexible anterior chamber lenses and iris-fixated lenses. Posterior chamber lenses were most often removed because of complications unrelated to the implant.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 Jan
PMID:Indications for and results of intraocular lens explantation. 173 66

We conducted a retrospective review of 102 patients who had intraocular lens (IOL) explantation or exchange over a 7.5 year period. Seventy-one patients had IOL exchange while 31 had lens removal without exchange. Anterior chamber IOLs comprised 66.7% of the lenses removed. The most frequent indication for anterior chamber IOL explantation was pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK), followed by the uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema syndrome and cystoid macular edema. Of the IOLs removed, 17.6% were iris-supported, with PBK being the most common indication for removal. Posterior chamber IOLs comprised 15.7% of the explanted lenses in this series. Lens dislocation/decentration was the leading indication for IOL removal in the posterior chamber IOL group. Among the 71 patients who had IOL exchange, 71.8% received an anterior chamber lens and 28.2% received a posterior chamber lens. Visual outcome following IOL exchange or removal showed that 40 patients (39%) improved, 47 patients (46%) had the same vision, and 15 patients (15%) had worse vision postoperatively. The most common reason for a worsening of vision postoperatively was corneal decompensation, followed by glaucoma and cystoid macular edema. Analysis of the clinical results revealed that 86.3% of the patients who had an exchange with an anterior chamber IOL had a successful outcome with either improvement or stabilization of the ocular condition. Ninety percent of the patients who received a posterior chamber IOL had a successful clinical outcome.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 Nov
PMID:Intraocular lens explantation and exchange. A review of lens styles, clinical indications, clinical results, and visual outcome. 177 52

Visual rehabilitation of patients with aniridia and progressive cataract is a challenging clinical problem. Reduced corneal transparency, limitations of iris support, and decreased zonular integrity may make extracapsular cataract surgery difficult. Four patients with familial aniridia had substantial visual improvement after successful extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with implantation of capsular-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC IOLs). In one patient, it was combined with trabeculectomy to treat chronic open-angle glaucoma. Posterior chamber IOLs can be safely implanted in the aniridic eye normalities in the anterior segment.
 ...
PMID:Posterior chamber intraocular lenses after extracapsular cataract extraction in patients with aniridia. 151 67

Selenite (Se) cataract in rabbit lenses was investigated in vitro to define target sites of Se that might be involved in calcium elevation and lens opacification. Experiments in which the anterior or the posterior surface of the lens was exposed to Se showed that anterior exposure led to ionic imbalances and opacification in the whole lens. Posterior exposure to Se (1 mM, 2 hr) had no effect. Se treatment (0.1 mM) of epithelial homogenates led to a 56% loss of thiol (SH) groups, and treatment of lenses cultured in Se led to a 22% loss. Experiments to assess the effects of Se on SH groups of Ca-ATPase showed that the transport enzyme was not affected by the poison. To determine whether this negative finding was due to the lack of accessibility of Se for SH sites in an ordered membrane, Ca-ATPase was also assayed in homogenate preparations treated with Se; still no inhibition of Ca-ATPase activity was observed. Therefore, an alternative explanation of calcium elevation was explored. The passive movement of labeled chloride (36Cl) was found to be twice as fast in Se-treated lenses as it was in control lenses. Measurement of the lens voltage indicated an 18-mV depolarization in Se-treated lenses, suggesting that Se increased membrane permeability. All cataractogenic changes that occurred after Se treatment were irreversible-despite intervention with external application of reduced glutathione or cysteine. This finding suggests that irreversible loss of SH groups in lens membranes is important in maintaining ion homeostasis.
 ...
PMID:Effect of selenite on epithelium of cultured rabbit lens. 182 4

Posterior lenticonus is associated with progressive lens opacification. We report a series of 40 consecutive patients (41 eyes) with posterior lenticonus who were treated by three pediatric ophthalmologists between 1974 and 1988. Prior to cataract surgery, appropriate patients were treated with atropine dilatation, spectacle correction including bifocals for refractive errors, and amblyopia occlusion therapy. Indications for surgery were a measured decrease in visual acuity, the loss of a central fixation reflex, or the onset of strabismus. The age at which cataract surgery was performed ranged from 2 months to 12 years (mean 4 years, 6 months). Nineteen eyes (49%) achieved postoperative acuities in the 20/20 to 20/40 range, 7(18%) eyes achieved 20/50 to 20/100, 4 (10%) eyes achieved 20/200, and 4 (10%) eyes achieved less than 20/200. Two (5%) young patients had central, steady, and maintained visual fixation reflexes and 3 (8%) additional patients had central, steady, but not maintained reflexes. After cataract surgery and aphakic optical correction, amblyopia was present in 84% of patients and strabismus was present in 51% of patients. The patients in this study had sufficient optical distortion to produce amblyopia. Cataract removal and optical correction alone did not correct the vision; occlusion therapy for amblyopia was required. Earlier surgery may be indicated to prevent visual deprivation amblyopia in patients with posterior lenticonus.
 ...
PMID:Management of posterior lenticonus. 189 May 71

We studied the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of posterior capsular breaks in 28 cataract patients during planned extracapsular cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation surgery. In the age-related cataract group (17 cases), the posterior capsular breaks were fresh, caused by the irrigation-aspiration cannula. Located in the upper part of the posterior capsule, they had thin margins and tended to enlarge with continued irrigation. Nine (52.9%) of these breaks could be plugged with viscoelastic, and after dry aspiration, a posterior chamber lens was implanted successfully. Posterior capsular breaks in traumatic cataracts (11 cases) were preexisting but were detected only during surgery. Centrally located, they had thick fibrosed margins and remained the same size during irrigation- aspiration. The minimal vitreous herniation seen in four (35.3%) of these cases was managed by automated partial anterior vitrectomy through the break. A posterior chamber intraocular lens was implanted in all these cases.
 ...
PMID:Types of posterior capsular breaks and their surgical implications. 189 Nov 83

We reviewed the records of 28 patients who had undergone successful scleral buckling surgery followed by extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens. Posterior chamber intraocular lenses were inserted in 27 eyes, and anterior chamber intraocular lenses were inserted in two eyes with posterior capsule rupture at the time of surgery. The mean follow-up period was 44 months. Final visual acuity was 20/40 or better in 15 of 29 eyes (52%). One eye (3.4%) developed a recurrent retinal detachment 15 months after cataract surgery. Two eyes (6.9%) developed angiographically proven cystoid macular edema. The outcome for extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation in eyes that had previously undergone successful scleral buckling for retinal detachment is favorable.
 ...
PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation after scleral buckling surgery. 199 37

A patient had an apparently uncomplicated extracapsular cataract extraction with insertion of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (IOL). Posterior dislocation of the implant was noted postoperatively. The IOL was successfully repositioned via a pars plicata sclerotomy and the haptic was sutured to the sclera. We believe this procedure is relatively atraumatic and is preferable to removal and replacement of a partially dislocated implant.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1990 Jul
PMID:Report of a repositioned posteriorly dislocated intraocular lens via pars plicata sclerotomy. 238 Sep 34

Posterior dislocation of an intraocular lens in the vitreous cavity is an uncommon but serious complication of the standard extracapsular surgical technique for cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Described herein is a new technique for managing this complication by using vitrectomy techniques and scleral fixation sutures of the intraocular lens. This technique allows permanent, controllable relocation of the intraocular lens and avoids trauma to the iris and cornea that previous techniques for intraocular lens repositioning may induce.
 ...
PMID:Dislocated posterior chamber intraocular lens. A new technique of management. 237 50


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>