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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The occurrence of ocular complications among 62 recipients of functioning renal transplants was reviewed 6 months to 7 1/2 years after transplantation. Posterior subcapsular cataracts were found in 29 (46.7%). A positive correlation was found between the development of cataracts and the total dose of corticosteroid, the number of days on which the dose exceeded 100 mg, and the number of rejection episodes treated with high doses of corticosteroid. Identification of specific high-risk periods in regard to cataract formation could lead to use of preventive therapy, as yet undetermined, during these periods. Lower doses of corticosteroids should be used to treat rejection episodes.
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PMID:Ocular complications in renal transplant recipients. 32 70

16 renal transplant recipients underwent ophthalmological examination 11.4, 19.4 and 61.3 months after renal transplantation. The most common side effects of immunosuppressive therapy were steroid-induced cataract formation, steroid glaucoma, and recurrent subconjunctival haemorrhages. Posterior sub-capsular cataracts may develop as early as 2 months after surgery, reach their highest incidence within 2 years and may be reversible under low dosage steroid therapy. 75.5% of 57 ophthalmologically examined patients showed ocular complications or changes, but visual function was not severely disturbed. Despite hypertension in 23 cases, no hypertensive retinopathy was observed. In the light of these findings we assume that kidney transplantation has a positive influence on ocular functions, and especially on fundus changes dating from the time of regular dialysis treatment.
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PMID:[Long-term ophthalmologic follow-up after kidney transplantation]. 36 45

Cataract formation following heavy ion exposure (O+8) was noted in three rhesus monkeys secondary to a study of retinal effects. The pathogenesis of these lens changes follows many, but not all, of the characteristics for "radiation cataracts." The ring-shaped opacity was not noted to occur. Posterior capsular changes were noted initially and followed through the formation of a mature cataract.
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PMID:Heavy-ion-induced cataractogenesis. 40 97

Evaluation of 200 consecutive pars plana vitrectomies shows delayed corneal epithelial healing after intentional scraping and formation of a posterior subcapsular cataract, presumably due to exposure to inadequate infusion fluids. Posterior retinal holes occur frequently, whereas entrance site complications have been reduced to an acceptable minimum. Temporary rise in intraocular pressure is common.
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PMID:Surgical complications of pars plana vitreous surgery. 64 50

The antiglaucomatous Preziosi operation leads within some months in a relatively high percentage of cases to a cataract necessary operation. The main cause for the seems to be a flat anterior chamber lasting several days. Posterior synechaie are frequent. Two out of 55 patients developed an infection of the filtration bleb. By additional preparation of a scleral flap over the sclerectomy complications were obviously rarer, and the regulation of the pressure was very good. There was no difference if the operation was done with or without scleral flap. High pressures during the first days after operation normalize themselves spontaneously or by massage of the eye ball, and have no significance the prognosis. In the cases with scleral flap the filtration blebs show good vascularisation, only in a few cases we saw cystic areas without vessels within filtration blebs with good vascularisation. Moreover the anterior chamber is formed much quicker and complications such as cataract are rare.
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PMID:[Early results with scleral flap by Preziosi's operation (author's transl)]. 65 Dec 35

Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) were noted in 41 of 69 (60%) recipients of renal allografts. The PSC were noted during the first posttransplant year (Group 1) in 21 (30%) recipients and after the first posttransplant (Group 2) year in 20 (30%) recipients. The dosage of prednisone during the first posttransplant year corrected for patient weight showed a significant correlation with the development of PSC during the first posttransplant year. The severity of the PSC were correlated with time of onset and prednisone dosage. Four recipients in Group 1 required cataract extraction to obtain sufficient vision to facilitate school work.
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PMID:Posterior subcapsular cataracts: posttransplantation in children. 110 58

Cultured rabbit lenses were irradiated with UV (311 nm peak; 295-340 nm) for 30 to 60 min. The entire spectrum lies in the near-UV, the major component is UVB, with a minor portion (25%) of UVA, and is henceforth referred to as near-UV(B). Posterior irradiation caused no cataract and no significant ionic imbalances compared to anterior irradiation, which caused opacification and marked changes in sodium and calcium concentrations. Anterior irradiation also resulted in reduced Na/K-ATPase activity in the epithelium. ATPase activity was not immediately inhibited; rather, only after culture was enzyme activity reduced. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased rapidly in the epithelium and more slowly in the underlying lens fibers. Loss of GSH was more rapid and extensive when irradiation occurred in the presence of oxygen. Irradiation under anaerobic conditions resulted in opacification but was considerably less extensive than when irradiation of lenses occurred in the presence of 7% oxygen. Near-UV(B) damage following anaerobic irradiation and 20 hrs of culture resulted in an increase in sodium levels and loss of GSH; calcium levels were not significantly elevated. Since irradiation of tryptophan solutions produced small amounts of hydrogen peroxide, the possibility of hydrogen peroxide-mediated damage was investigated but no role could be substantiated. Peroxide detoxification by the epithelium of near-UV(B) cataracts was observed, as measured by its ability to eliminate hydrogen peroxide added as a bolus.
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PMID:Mechanisms involved in cataract development following near-ultraviolet radiation of cultured lenses. 132 94

Either heparin surface modified (HSM) or regular polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) intraocular lenses (IOLs) were implanted after extracapsular cataract extraction in 40 human eyes with exfoliation syndrome in a double-masked, randomized study. The patients were investigated preoperatively, and then 1 day, 1 week, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. In eyes implanted with the HSM IOL, 26% had a fibrinoid reaction anterior to the IOL, while this complication was found in 50% of eyes implanted with the regular IOL. Pigment and cell deposits were more frequent on the regular IOLs than on the HSM lenses postoperatively. Posterior synechia formation between the iris and the implant or lens capsule was more common in the eyes with regular IOL compared to HSM IOL. No difference in visual acuity between the two groups was found either before or after surgery. The results suggest that in eyes with exfoliation syndrome, a heparin surface modified IOL reduces clinical complications associated with cataract surgery.
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PMID:Exfoliation syndrome and heparin surface modified intraocular lenses. 155 81

Posterior capsular polishing is performed to delay or prevent capsular opacification. To study its effectiveness, a prospective study of 412 patients with bilateral senile cataracts was conducted. Each patient had bilateral extracapsular cataract extraction with laser ridge, posterior chamber lens implantation. The right eye of each patient had posterior capsular polishing using the Tennessee-Freeman polisher. The posterior capsule in the left eye was not polished. All patients above the age of 80 years (22 patients) had bilateral opacification within 16 months postoperatively. For patients less than 80 years old (390 patients), the cumulative capsulotomy rate in the polished capsule group was 9.2% (36 eyes); in the unpolished capsule group the rate was 12.0% (47 eyes) for the same follow-up time (average 30 months). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of posterior capsular opacification between the polished and unpolished groups. Polishing the posterior capsule after lens cortex cleaning had no significant role in delaying or preventing capsular opacification.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 Mar
PMID:Polishing the posterior capsule after extracapsular extraction of senile cataract. 156 57

Age-related lens opacities are common and are a frequent cause of loss of vision. The Beaver Dam Eye Study was designed to estimate the prevalence and severity of lens opacities in a rural community in the United States. Adults between the ages of 43 and 84 years, identified by private census, were examined and participated in the study (n = 4926). Photographs were taken of the lenses and were graded in masked fashion according to a standardized protocol. For nuclear sclerosis, more severe levels occurred more commonly in older age groups and in women. Overall, 17.3% had nuclear sclerosis more severe than level 3 in a 5-step scale of severity. Cortical opacities increased with increasing age and were more common in women. They were found in 16.3% of the population. Posterior subcapsular opacities occur in 6.0% of the population. There was a significant trend of greater prevalence at older ages, but no sex effect. The frequency of early cataract increased in both sexes through the age group 65 to 74 years, but declined in those 75 years of age and older. The frequency of late cataract increased consistently with age. Women were more severely affected than men. This study confirms that lens opacities are common in adults in the United States. These data are important for providing for social and health care needs. It is important to determine causes of cataracts in order to develop preventive programs.
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PMID:Prevalence of age-related lens opacities in a population. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. 158 73


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