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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To report acute onset lens particle glaucoma associated with a spontaneous anterior capsular dehiscence. A 66-year-old man presented with spontaneous anterior lens capsule dehiscence with an acute onset of right eye pain that was associated with white particles in the anterior chamber angle and intraocular pressure (IOP) of 55 mmHg. No trauma or other inflammatory antecedents were reported. A hypermature cataract was observed at slit lamp exam. After medical treatment without IOP control, we performed extracapsular cataract extraction and anterior vitrectomy. Anterior chamber aspirate confirmed the presence of macrophages. The postoperative IOP at one month was 16 mmHg OD without medication. Spontaneous dehiscence of the anterior lens capsule in a patient with a hypermature cataract may release lens cortical material, resulting in lens particle glaucoma. Prompt surgical removal of the lens material usually controls the high IOP, and the need for additional glaucoma surgery is not common.
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PMID:Spontaneous anterior lens capsular dehiscence causing lens particle glaucoma. 1956 12

Anterior chamber aspirate cultures were done in 57 patients who underwent uncomplicated manual small incision cataract surgery with posterior chamber intra-ocular lens implantation. The aspirates were collected at the time of wound closures. The specimens were immediately inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar and thioglycolate broth. The cultures were incubated at 37 degrees C with 5% CO2 and held for 5 days. Out of 57 patients 8 (14%) had culture positive anterior chamber aspirates. Coagulase negative staphylococcus was the commonest (62%). No anaerobic organism was detected. None of the eyes developed endophthalmitis. The study concluded that the strict aseptic measures, the antimicrobial property of the aqueous humour or small inoculum size could be the possible factors to prevent fulminating infection.
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PMID:A prospective evaluation of anterior chamber contamination following cataract surgery. 1958 85

We present the case of a patient who experienced recurrent episodes of blurry vision and eye pain after uneventful cataract extraction and in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Examination revealed a microhyphema and signs of pigment dispersion. Iris transillumination was seen overlying areas where the IOL optic was not covered by the anterior capsule. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography confirmed iris indentation by the IOL optic, which was alleviated by performing laser peripheral iridotomy. This case shows that IOLs in the capsular bag can erode the posterior surface of the iris and that an adequately sized capsulorhexis should be performed to ensure anterior capsule coverage. Laser peripheral iridotomy should be considered when significant posterior iris bowing is observed.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2009 Aug
PMID:Pigment dispersion and recurrent hyphema associated with in-the-bag lens implantation. 1963 Nov 36

Posterior capsule opacification is the most frequent complication of pediatric cataract surgery. To prevent posterior capsule opacification, primary phacoemulsification, posterior capsulotomy and anterior vitrectomy with intraocular lens implantation is the preferred method in the treatment of pediatric cataract. Anterior vitrectomy cutter, with 18-gauge, maximum frequency at 600/min and has simultaneous cutting, irrigation and aspiration functions, is associated with more complications and poor outcomes. In 20-gauge surgery, pars plana vitrectomy is performed with two-port sclerotomy. The irrigation increases movement of vitreous and 20-gauge sclerotomy needs suture for closing. In 25-gauge surgery, the vitreous cutter can be introduced into the vitreous cavity directly though conjunctiva and sclera. The stab incision is roughly half the size of 20-gauge cutter, therefore, the sclerotomy incision can be left unsutured. Surgery with dry transconjunctival sutureless 25-gauge vitrectomy may decrease the requirement for secondary membrane surgery and the risk for retinal detachment. The application of dry transconjunctival sutureless 25-gauge vitrectomy in the treatment of pediatric cataract is reviewed.
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PMID:[Dry transconjunctival sutureless 25-gauge vitrectomy in the treatment of pediatric cataract]. 2002 95

A 56-years-old man with good medical health presented with bilateral blurring of vision over 10 years. Slitlamp examination revealed a bilateral cataracta membranacea mainly on the periphery, but involving his visual axes. Cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation were performed on both eyes. Anterior capsules were not intact in both eyes preoperatively. Anterior vitrectomy was performed in the left eye in view of posterior capsule rupture intraoperatively. Intraocular lens were inserted in sulcus in the left eye and in the bag in the right eye. Postoperatively, his visual acuity improved in both eyes but only moderately. The indication, timing of surgery and the surgical techniques will be discussed.
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PMID:A Patient with Bilateral Cataracta Membranacea. 2033 1

Cataract is the leading cause of blindness throughout the world. This prospective study was conducted in the department of ophthalmology, Mymensingh Medical college Hospital. Patients of both sexes of 45 to 70 years of age range admitted for cataract surgery were selected for this study. Patients were randomly selected during the period June 2007 to December 2008 with age related cataract. Total 80 patients were included in the study dividing into two groups. In Group-A, 40 patients were treated with diclofenac sodium 0.1% eye drop -1 drop 4 times daily for 30 days after cataract surgery. In Group-B 40 patients were treated with prednisolone acetate 1% eye drop-1 drop-2 hourly 1 week, 1 drop 4 hourly for 2 weeks than 1 drop 6 hourly for 30 days after cataract surgery. Male were 70% and female were 30% in both groups A & B. Post operative inflammation were evaluated by slit lamp examination of cells, flares & keratic precipitate (KP). Patients were evaluated on 1st, 7th and 30th postoperative day. Anterior chamber cells were found 10% in grade-I, 45% in grade-II, 45% in grade-III of group-A and 15% in grade-I, 40% in grade-II, 45% in grade-III patients of group-B in 1st visit. Anterior chamber cells reduce in 2nd visit & in final visit anterior chamber cells were absent in 90% patients in group-A & 92.5% patients in group-B. Anterior chamber flares were found in 32.5% in grade-I, 42.5% in grade-II, 25% patients in grade-III of group-A & 32.5% in grade-I, 47.5% in grade-II, 20% in grade-III of group-B in 1st visit. Anterior chamber flares reduce in both groups in 2nd visit. In final visit anterior chamber flares absent 90% patients in group-A & 90% patients in group-B. KP were found 17.5% patients in grade-I of group-A & 20% patients in grade-I of group-B. In 2nd visit KP reduced in both groups & in final visit KP were absent in 95% patients of group-A & 95% patients of group-B. Analysis shows no significant difference in cells, flares and KP in both groups. Visual acuity with pin hole at final visit- in group-A 5% had 6/18, 10% had 6/12, 50% had 6/9, 35% had 6/6 and in group-B 5% had 6/18, 5% had 6/12, 57.5% had 6/9 and 32.5% had 6/6. Visual outcome were good in both the groups. No statistical significant difference was found between two groups. At each visit there was no statistically significant difference of post operative inflammation between two groups of patients.
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PMID:Diclofenac sodium and prednisolone acetate ophthalmic solution in controlling inflammation after cataract surgery. 2063 24

Toxic anterior segment syndrome (TASS) is a general term used to describe acute, sterile postoperative inflammation due to a non-infectious substance that accidentally enters the anterior segment at the time of surgery and mimics infectious endophthalmitis. TASS most commonly occurs acutely following anterior segment surgery, typically 12-72h after cataract extraction. Anterior segment inflammation is usually quite severe with hypopyon. Endothelial cell damage is common, resulting in diffuse corneal edema. No bacterium is isolated from ocular samples. The causes of TASS are numerous and difficult to isolate. Any device or substance used during the surgery or in the immediate postoperative period may be implicated. The major known causes include: preservatives in ophthalmic solutions, denatured ophthalmic viscosurgical devices, bacterial endotoxin, and intraocular lens-induced inflammation. Clinical features of infectious and non-infectious inflammation are initially indistinguishable and TASS is usually diagnosed and treated as acute endophthalmitis. It usually improves with local steroid treatment but may result in chronic elevation of intraocular pressure or irreversible corneal edema due to permanent damage of trabecular meshwork or endothelial cells.
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PMID:[Toxic anterior segment syndrome]. 2117 94

Anterior segment colobomas can be found isolated or in combination with changes in the posterior segment. A coloboma of the ciliary zonule leads to alteration of the lens profile with myopia and astigmatism. Amblyopia and cataract development may also occur. We present two cases with a coloboma of the zonule with different degrees of expression and the most important differential diagnoses are discussed.
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PMID:[Bilateral ciliary zonule defect]. 2150 20

Childhood blindness has an adverse effect on growth, development, social, and economic opportunities. Severe visual impairment (SVI) and blindness in infants must be detected as early as possible to initiate immediate treatment to prevent deep amblyopia. Although difficult, measurement of visual acuity of an infant is possible. The causes of SVI and blindness may be prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal. Congenital anomalies such as anophthalmos, microphthalmos, coloboma, congenital cataract, infantile glaucoma, and neuro-ophthalmic lesions are causes of impairment present at birth. Ophthalmia neonatorum, retinopathy of prematurity, and cortical visual impairment are acquired during the perinatal period. Leukocoria or white pupillary reflex can be cause by congenital cataract, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous, or retinoblastoma. While few medical or surgical options are available for congenital anomalies or neuro-ophthalmic disorders, many affected infants can still benefit from low vision aids and rehabilitation. Ideally, surgery for congenital cataracts should occur within the first 4 months of life. Anterior vitrectomy and primary posterior capsulotomy are required, followed by aphakic glasses with secondary intraocular lens implantation at a later date. The treatment of infantile glaucoma is surgery followed by anti-glaucoma medication. Retinopathy of prematurity is a proliferation of the retinal vasculature in response to relative hypoxia in a premature infant. Screening in the first few weeks of life can prevent blindness. Retinoblastoma can be debulked with chemotherapy; however, enucleation may still be required. Neonatologists, pediatricians, traditional birth attendants, nurses, and ophthalmologists should be sensitive to a parent's complaints of poor vision in an infant and ensure adequate follow-up to determine the cause. If required, evaluation under anesthesia should be performed, which includes funduscopy, refraction, corneal diameter measurement, and measurement of intraocular pressure.
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PMID:Severe visual impairment and blindness in infants: causes and opportunities for control. 2173 20

The African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) sponsored a baseline study in Nigeria between 1998 and 1999 on the prevalence and distribution of Onchocerciasis. The randomly selected 1,064 subjects in the baseline study underwent detailed eye examination in Cross River (rain forest), Taraba (savanna) and Kogi (forest-savanna) States. This paper compares and contrasts the public health significance of ocular onchocerciasis in these ecological zones. A blindness prevalence of 2.4% was recorded in the study, onchocerciasis being responsible for 30.2% of the bilaterally blind subjects. Onchocerciasis-induced blindness prevalence was relatively high in the rain forest and forest savanna zones of Cross River and Kogi States, Cross River having the highest site-specific prevalence (50.0%), followed by Kogi (41.7%). Taraba recorded only 27.3%. Other conditions identified included glaucoma, optic nerve disease and cataract rates of which were also found to be high among the population (6.9%, 6.5 % and 8.9% respectively). Anterior segment onchocercal lesions, punctate and sclerosing keratitis were the predominant features of the infection in the savanna zone (14.1% and 6.3% respectively), while posterior segment lesions were much more common in the forest zone. The need to sustain the present efforts to control onchocerciasis through mass ivermectin treatment is recommended.
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PMID:Prevalence and distribution of ocular onchocerciasis in three ecological zones in Nigeria. 2173 92


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