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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy developed anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation after extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation. This complication of cataract extraction has been described after vitrectomy in diabetic eyes. Risk factors for this entity after extracapsular cataract extraction include proliferative diabetic retinopathy, iris neovascularization, and anterior ischemic retina. Anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation was observed an average of 12 months postoperatively and affected vision in one of four patients. No progression was seen within an average of six months of follow-up, and no complications such as traction retinal detachment and vitreous hemorrhage developed.
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PMID:Anterior hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation after extracapsular cataract extraction in diabetic eyes. 768 36

Postoperative lens capsule opacification is a complication of extracapsular cataract extraction. To avoid this problem, we aspirated the epithelial cells lining the internal surface of the capsular bag. Anterior capsule specimens collected three and six years after the first surgical intervention (extracapsular cataract extraction with intercapsular implantation of a poly[methyl methacrylate] intraocular lens) and in vitro studies of epithelial cell cultures revealed the presence of intracellular and extracellular cytokeratin. After several years, the cytokeratin layers were arranged in a pattern analogous to that of liquid crystalline phases and many nonhuman extraocular tissues.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1993 May
PMID:Cytokeratin in lens epithelial cells and its effect on anterior lens capsule opacification. 768 80

A theoretical explanation of the mechanism of iris prolapse is presented using simple flow mechanics and the Bernouille principle, which states that fluid pressure varies inversely to fluid velocity. Rapid aqueous escape into an anterior chamber perforation thus creates a relative vacuum anterior to the iris. Further analysis shows that the tendency of the iris to prolapse into an anterior chamber wound increases as an inverse function of the fourth power of the radial distance between the iris and the perforation. Anterior wound placement, clear of the iris plane, should help to prevent iris prolapse. Minimizing the irrigation velocity (and hence the fluid outflow velocity) should also help to prevent intraoperative prolapse.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Mar
PMID:Mechanism of iris prolapse: a qualitative analysis and implications for surgical technique. 779 Oct 59

130 single piece hydrogel Iogel intraocular lenses (IOL) were implanted in the capsular bag after planned extracapsular cataract extraction. Anterior capsulotomy was performed by capsulorhexis in 59 patients while the envelope technique was used in 71 cases. The mean follow-up was 22 months and the average visual acuity was more than 8/10 in 78.5% of cases. In the capsulorhexis group a higher percentage of IOL was placed right into the capsular bag. No significant inflammatory and noninflammatory postoperative complications occurred. Lens decentration, observed in 5 cases, was due to asymmetric lens placement with one flange in the bag and the other in the ciliary sulcus. In both groups endothelial cell loss was about 7%. Results of the study indicate the safety and the efficacy of the Iogel lens as an intraocular implant. To prevent postoperative decentration and deformation of the IOL unnecessary intraocular manipulation and 'in-out' positioning should be avoided.
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PMID:Long-term results with Iogel IOLs. 811 14

Human lens epithelial cells (HLECs) with lens capsules were cultured to investigate the morphology and outgrowth potential of the cultured cells. Anterior lens capsules obtained during cataract surgery were placed cell side down in a medium in culture wells. Cultivation was successful with 24 of 36 specimens from senile cataract patients. The HLECs grew beyond the capsular edge from the third to fifth day after the beginning of cultivation, and extended actively to the periphery of the culture well. The cells had extended 2.5 mm beyond the capsular edge by the second week and 3.8 mm by the fourth week, but outgrowth then stopped. The cells near the capsular edge displayed elongated shapes during the earlier period of cultivation, but subsequently formed small polygons. The cells in the middle of the zone of outgrowth appeared as polygons, and were surrounded by large, irregularly-shaped cells. This study showed that HLECs from senile cataract patients have a limited but definitive outgrowth potential under explant culture conditions.
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PMID:Explant culture of human lens epithelial cells from senile cataract patients. 829 70

The authors studied bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber during extracapsular cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. A first study was conducted to determine the rate of contamination of anterior chamber aspirates, before surgery, in 46 patients undergoing cataract extraction. A second study concerned 200 patients undergoing extracapsular extraction with posterior chamber lens. Anterior chamber fluid was aspirated at the end of surgery, and inoculated into blood culture bottles. Bacteriological results were positive in 11 cases, and were compared with conjunctival smears. The way in which aqueous humor was aspirated and inoculated is described. The bacteriological method was tested with a small inoculum of bacteria. Bacteriological study of intraocular fluid at the end of cataract surgery might be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis.
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PMID:[Bacteriological study of the intraocular fluid at the end of cataract surgery]. 830 Oct 3

Astigmatism is a refractive error related to corneal asphericity. Congenital astigmatism is most frequent, and its correction with spectacles has been known for a long time. Contact lenses may sometimes be useful, but they may not allow a satisfactory visual correction. Anterior segment surgery (cataract, penetrating keratopasty, etc.) may often cause postoperative astigmatism. Improvement in ophthalmic surgery, and the patient's need for a rapid and effective visual recovery (as anatomical result is obtained), have highlighted prevention and treatment of post-surgical astigmatism. Astigmatism treatment is complex and varies according to its intensity and cause. Refractive surgery, modifying corneal shape, may be an elegant solution in cases where vision is low, in spite of a perfect corneal transparency.
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PMID:[Astigmatism and its treatments]. 831 Feb 22

We studied rehospitalization for endophthalmitis or retinal detachment (RD) in 40,351 Medicare beneficiaries who were admitted to US hospitals for penetrating keratoplasty (PK) between 1984 and 1987. This cohort represents 56.5% of all PKs performed during this period for recipients of age to receive Medicare benefits. Penetrating keratoplasty was combined with intracapsular cataract extraction in 1188 patients (2.9%) and with extracapsular cataract extraction in 7038 patients (17.4%). Anterior vitrectomy was performed in 8428 patients (20.9%). The risk of rehospitalization for endophthalmitis within 6 months of PK was 0.77%. Concurrent anterior vitrectomy increased this risk to 1.03% (P = .004). The risk of rehospitalization for RD within 2 years of PK was 1.85%. Concurrent anterior vitrectomy increased this risk to 2.49% (P = .0001). Combined PK and intracapsular cataract extraction demonstrated a 3.9-fold increased rate of RD compared with PK and extracapsular cataract extraction (P = .0001). Anterior vitrectomy with PK and extracapsular cataract extraction increased the risk of RD 4.3-fold compared with PK and extracapsular cataract extraction alone (P = .007). Men were at a 68% higher risk of RD than women (P = .0001). The risk of rehospitalization for endophthalmitis following PK is five times higher and the risk of RD two times higher than that reported following cataract surgery. Anterior vitrectomy, however, results in similar risk increases following either surgery.
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PMID:National outcomes of penetrating keratoplasty. Risks of endophthalmitis and retinal detachment. 847 Sep 85

One hundred and thirty-three eyes of 103 patients had photorefractive keratectomy with a slit scan mode excimer laser for myopia ranging from -6.00 to -22.00 diopters (D). The epithelium was removed with 20% ethanol, and the ablation was done with a tapered profile surrounding the optical zone. Patients were divided into two groups based on preoperative myopia: Group A, -6.00 D to -12.00 D (88 eyes); Group B, -12.50 D to -22.00 D (45 eyes). In Group A, mean preoperative refraction was -9.59 +/- 1.79 D. Mean postoperative refraction was -0.29 +/- 1.47 D at one month, -0.85 +/- 1.68 D at three months, -1.17 +/- 2.04 D at six months, and -0.56 +/- 0.74 D at one year. Anterior stromal haze was greatest at the end of the first month; it diminished thereafter. This haze did not reduce the best corrected visual acuity in any eye in Group A. Mean preoperative refraction in Group B was -14.69 +/- 5.27 D. Mean postoperative refraction was -1.34 +/- 2.02 D at one month, -0.76 +/- 2.08 D at three months, -3.88 +/- 2.32 D at six months, and -5.50 +/- 5.00 D at one year. Three eyes in Group B lost one or two lines of best corrected visual acuity as a result of severe stromal haze and epithelial scarring. Group A's results were similar to those obtained in eyes with low myopia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Jul
PMID:Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for high myopia. 852 80

Anterior chamber depth and refraction were evaluated in 52 pseudophakic eyes before and about one month after neodymium: YAG laser capsulotomy for posterior capsule opacification. External anterior chamber depth averaged 4.06 mm before and 4.07 mm after laser treatment, a statistically insignificant change. Mean spherical equivalent refraction before laser treatment, estimated from the prescription of spectacles, was 0.30 diopters (D). Mean subjective refraction after laser treatment was 0.24 D. The difference was not significant. Mean capsulotomy opening diameter increased from 3.44 mm +/- 0.61 mm (+/- SD) immediately after the laser treatment to 3.67 mm +/- 0.61 mm one month later. The increase was statistically significant. Intraocular lens position and spherical equivalent refraction did not change after the YAG laser capsulotomy, despite a significant increase in area of the capsulotomy opening.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Jul
PMID:Refraction and anterior chamber depth before and after neodymium: YAG laser treatment for posterior capsule opacification in pseudophakic eyes: a prospective study. 852 94


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