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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 72-year-old white man who had undergone surgical trabeculectomy and extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior-chamber lens implantation in the left eye suffered from chronic iridocyclitis for eight months. He subsequently presented with acute hypopyon and vitritis. Anterior-chamber and vitreous cultures were positive for Pseudomonas cepacia. The infection was successfully treated with subconjunctival piperacillin, intravitreal cefotaxime, and intravenous piperacillin and gentamicin. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case of Pseudomonas cepacia endophthalmitis.
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PMID:Pseudomonas cepacia endophthalmitis. 387 37

Anterior chamber lenses are currently much less popular than posterior chamber lenses. They are mainly used in conjunction with intracapsular cataract extraction, as a secondary lens implant, and as a back up lens in case of intraoperative complications of extracapsular cataract extraction. A major disadvantage of anterior chamber lenses is improper sizing. Rigid lenses cause the greatest ocular tenderness and present serious problems with errors in sizing but they are the easiest to explant. Semiflexible and flexible lenses show a greater tendency to develop peripheral anterior synechiae. This makes explanation a very difficult procedure. Posterior chamber lenses are the most popular today. There is a trend toward all-PMMA lenses because of concern over the biocompatibility of polypropylene. The use of a laser ridge may inhibit posterior capsule opacification and facilitate YAG laser posterior capsulectomy. Ultraviolet blockers are being incorporated as a copolymer of a mechanical additive. There is a major trend towards capsular bag fixation of posterior chamber lenses as a result of complications associated with sulcus-fixated lenses. These include: disruption of the blood-aqueous barrier due to loop penetration of the ciliary body; chafing of the posterior surface of the iris leading to transillumination defects, microhyphaemas, and pigment dispersion glaucoma. It is predicted that the number of cataract extractions and the percentage of intraocular lens implantations will continue to increase due to demographic factors. Budgetary allocations for research and development will increase because of the involvement of some of the giants of medical industry. This will lead to new implant materials and new surgical techniques.
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PMID:Current and future concepts of the design of the intraocular lens. 387 94

A human lens showing polychromatic lustre associated with cortical opacities (Christmas tree cataract) has been examined by slit-lamp photography, thin-section light microscopy, and electron microscopy. Anterior epithelial cells were fibroblast-like, and an area of breakdown of cortical lens fibres was observed in the anterior lens, containing feathery fibres, whorls, and process bodies. Parallel sided stacks of fused cell membranes were found beneath the watery area at the same depth as the polychromatic lustre seen in the slit-lamp. The dimensions of these membrane plates are consistent with the diffraction of light by a parallel thin film to give coloured points of light. Deeper areas of small granules between the lens fibres are associated with the main trunk-like opacity and its branches seen with the slit-lamp.
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PMID:Ultrastructural appearances of a lens with marked polychromatic lustre: evidence for diffraction as a cause. 609 89

A consecutive group of 103 patients with senile cataract underwent intracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a semiflexible anterior chamber lens. After 6 month of follow-up, there was an average decrease of 20% +/- 15% in central corneal endothelial cell density and an average vertical disparity of 32% +/- 20% between central and superior endothelial areas. The endothelial cell loss was not correlated with pre-operative cell density. There was a positive correlation between age and cell loss and between age and vertical disparity. Findings in eyes with cornea guttata did not differ significantly from those without guttata. Anterior vitrectomy did not increase endothelial cell loss significantly. Maintenance of a deep anterior chamber by pre-operative oculopression or by instillation of Na-hyaluranate had no significantly different effect on the corneal endothelial cell loss.
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PMID:Changes of the corneal endothelium following intracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of semiflexible anterior chamber lenses. I. Results of the early post-operative period. 648 55

Fifteen consecutive eyes in 14 patients (six men and eight women, ranging in age from 43 to 75 years) underwent anterior vitrectomy for chronic cystoid macular edema documented by fluorescein angiography. All eyes had either vitreous adhesions to the cataract incision with pupillary distortion, or adherence of vitreous strands to the iris. Anterior vitrectomy via the corneoscleral limbus was performed in each case to remove vitreous from anterior segment structures. Thirteen of the 15 eyes showed visual improvement, with 12 of the 15 showing improvement of two Snellen lines or more. There was no direct correlation between the duration of aphakic cystoid macular edema and final visual acuity.
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PMID:An anterior surgical approach to aphakic cystoid macular edema. 685 93

Cataracts, inherited in an autosomal dominant manner in New Zealand Romney sheep were first detected at 1 - 2 months of age as focal anterior and posterior cortical opacities. Within a short time these coalesced to form spoke-like patterns which gradually became more diffuse. Total lens opacity developed by 10 - 11 months of age. Congenital mature cataracts occurred in two lambs believed to be homozygous for the mutant gene and in these animals lens resorption later occurred. Histology showed that new lens fibres formed normally at the equator but then underwent progressive degenerative swelling and lysis. Cytoplasmic vacuolation of anterior epithelial cells was a notable feature and occurred apparently in response to adjacent cortical degeneration. Ultrastructurally these vacuoles were interpreted as dilations of endoplasmic reticulum but there were also a number of smaller vacuoles not lined by membrane. Anterior epithelial cells also underwent metaplasia, hyperplasia, and migration beneath the posterior capsule. Analyses of lenses reflecting different stages of cataractogenesis showed a progressive increase in water, sodium and calcium ions with cataract development and a concomitant decrease in potassium and magnesium ions.
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PMID:The pathology of an inherited cataract of sheep. 718 16

Traumatic cataracts occurring after ocular trauma were removed by phacoemulsification, cryoextraction or extracapsular cataract extraction, depending on the degree of lens absorption. All eyes received sputnik-style iridocapsular lenses. Most cases were complicated by the presence of synechiae and/or the need for iridoplasty. The surgical technique varied with the specific nature of the ocular pathology. Eyes with penetrating injuries has a higher complication rate. Anterior chamber shallowing or collapse was the most frequent intraoperative complication, and was directly related to the incidence of postoperative complications. Most postoperative complications were typical of those associated with cataract surgery in complicated situations.
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PMID:1004 cases of traumatic cataract surgery with implantation of an intraocular lens. 726 86

A longitudinal biomicroscopic study of lenses and fundi of over 2,000 Peromyscus maniculatus (deer mice) which have cataracts as an autosomal recessive trait has been correlated with histologic development of cataracts. By selective breeding, early-onset cataracts (Type I), which are frequently associated with abnormal closure of the fetal fissure and hyaloid vascular abnormalities, have been separated from later-onset (Type II) cataracts, which are more heterogeneous. Type I cataracts occur in syndactylous deer mice, develop rapidly, and histologically may show backward migration of disrupted lens bow cells before lens opacity is apparent biomicroscopically. Posterior subcapsular cataracts then develop and spread centrally and inferonasally to the equatorial area and then to the entire equator. The nucleus opacifies in either a "shell" pattern or as isolated dots. Anterior cortical opacification progresses to mature cataract. Histologically, abnormal migration and proliferation of lens epithelium and enlargement and vacuolar degeneration of the basal (posterior) process of cortical lens fibers are early changes in Type I cataracts. Disruption of the lens bow with failure of differentiation and inward turning of lens epithelium to become lens fibers occurs concurrently. Type II cataracts may follow the developmental pattern of Type I but are rarely associated with severe hyaloid vascular abnormalities and progress more slowly. About 6% of animals develop diabetes, which is not associated with the cataract-webbed trait.
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PMID:Cataract-webbed trait in Peromyscus. II. Biomicroscopy and histology of eyes. 735 Jan 32

Fifty-nine cases of vitreous loss managed by anterior vitrectomy were followed up for an average of 26 months. Thirty-seven cases were managed by automated anterior vitrectomy and 22 by cellulose sponge anterior vitrectomy. Both techniques, when performed by resident ophthalmologists, give equivalent results. Anterior vitrectomy for vitreous loss gives significantly better results than nontreatment of vitreous loss but significantly poorer results than uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction. This is largely caused by the increased incidence of chronic cystoid macular edema after vitreous loss. Vitreous loss treated by anterior vitrectomy is associated with 10% to 15% greater endothelial cell loss than uncomplicated intracapsular cataract extraction.
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PMID:Vitreous loss managed by anterior vitrectomy. Long-term follow-up of 59 cases. 739 77

This study determined the rate of anterior chamber aerobic bacterial contamination in 103 eyes that had uncomplicated posterior chamber phacoemulsification. Anterior chamber fluid was aspirated on completion of surgery. Cultures of sterile balanced salt solution served as a control. Of 103 anterior chamber cultures, 4 (3.9%) showed contamination; however, 3 of 103 control cultures (2.9%) also grew micro-organisms. These findings suggest a very low rate of aerobic bacterial contamination after uncomplicated phacoemulsification and underscore the importance of control cultures when determining contamination rates.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1995 Sep
PMID:Anterior chamber fluid contamination after uncomplicated phacoemulsification. 747 16


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