Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effects of a single i.v. dose of dexmedetomidine, a highly selective and specific alpha 2 adrenoceptor agonist, on intraocular pressure (IOP), haemodynamic and sympathoadrenal responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation, and on anaesthetic requirements in ophthalmic surgery. Thirty ASA I-II patients undergoing cataract surgery were allocated randomly to receive either dexmedetomidine 0.6 microgram kg-1 or saline placebo i.v. 10 min before induction of anaesthesia in a double-blind design. After dexmedetomidine there was a 34% (95% confidence interval (CI) 27-43%) reduction in IOP (P less than 0.001) and 62% (CI 57-68%) decrease in plasma noradrenaline concentrations (P less than 0.001). After intubation, maximum heart rate was 18% (CI 3-33%, P = 0.036) and the maximum IOP 27% (CI 11-43%, P = 0.005) less in the dexmedetomidine group compared with the patients treated with placebo. Within 10 min after intubation, maximum systolic and diastolic arterial pressures were also significantly (P = 0.013 and P = 0.020) smaller in the dexmedetomidine group. The induction dose of thiopentone was smaller (23% (CI 20-26%) P = 0.012), and the use of isoflurane or fentanyl supplements during anaesthesia was less frequent in the dexmedetomidine group. The patients premedicated with dexmedetomidine recovered faster from anaesthesia (P = 0.042). These results suggest that dexmedetomidine may be a useful anaesthetic adjunct in ophthalmic surgery.
 ...
PMID:Dexmedetomidine reduces intraocular pressure, intubation responses and anaesthetic requirements in patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery. 2651 Jun 69

The authors investigated in a group of 850 patients the influence of long-term general corticotherapy on the transparency of the lens and intraocular pressure in relation to the length of therapy, dosage, age and sex of the patient. The presence of posterior subcapsular cataract was revealed in 5.2% of the patient, a raised intraocular pressure in 12.8%. The authors reached the conclusion that the duration of corticotherapy did not influence in a substantial way the development of posterior subcapsular cataract nor of cortisone glaucoma. A dose of 10-15 mg per day may be considered marginal for the development of cataract; dosage has no basic effect on the development of glaucoma. The maximum incidence of complications was in advanced age groups. No predisposition as regards sex was observed. A significant role in the development of cortisone cataract and cortisone glaucoma is played by individual sensitivity to corticoids.
 ...
PMID:[Ophthalmic complications in general corticoid therapy]. 136 56

Eighteen eyes in 17 patients with Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis underwent cataract extraction with or without intraocular lens implantation (17 extracapsular and one intracapsular). Intraoperative complications included hyphaema, poor pupillary dilatations, and localised zonule dehiscence with vitreous loss. Only four eyes developed a marked anterior uveitus (two pseudophakic and two aphakic) which resolved within 2 weeks with topical steroids. Three eyes developed a rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) to more than 30 mm Hg on the first postoperative day. In all three eyes the IOP returned to normal off all therapy within 1 week. In one of three eyes preoperative glaucoma was made worse following surgery. Visual acuity testing revealed that 15 eyes (83.3%) achieved 6/12 vision or better. Lamellar macular hole, pre-existing macular scar, and pre-existing retinal detachment accounted for the poor visual result.
 ...
PMID:Cataract surgery in Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis. 139 Apr 94

A prospective randomized study was done in 79 patients undergoing elective routine cataract surgery in which the Kelman phacoemulsification technique was used with placement of an intraocular lens. In all the patients anesthesia was induced with both a peribulbar and a retrobulbar injection of a large volume (total 10.5 mL) of local anesthetic. The patients were randomly assigned to receive either the peribulbar (39 patients) (group 1) or the retrobulbar (40 patients) (group 2) injection first. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured five times during anesthesia. The mean elevation in IOP immediately after the first injection was 0.4 mm Hg in group 1, compared with 2.0 mm Hg in group 2. Twenty minutes after both injections had been given and a Super Pinky pressure device had been placed on the eye, the mean decrease in IOP from the preoperative value was 3.1 mm Hg in group 1 and 4.8 mm Hg in group 2. We conclude that a combined peribulbar and retrobulbar approach is a safe and effective alternative method of regional anesthesia for cataract surgery.
 ...
PMID:Effect of combined peribulbar and retrobulbar injection of large volumes of anesthetic agents on the intraocular pressure. 139 7

The authors give an account of the development of implantology and extracapsular extraction in their department. In 1987 they performed 342 operations of cataract, an intraocular lens was implanted in 13.2%, extracapsular extraction was performed in 12.9%. In the first half of 1991 354 operations of cataract were performed, an intraocular lens was implanted in 82.5%, and extracapsular extraction was performed in 96.9%. The most frequent peroperative complication was rupture of the posterior capsule--from 14.0% to 20.1%. The most frequent postoperative complication (306 implantations in the first half of 1991)--keratopathia striata 179, fibrinous exudate--79, elevated intraocular pressure--50. The time spent in hospital in the first half of 1991 was on average 2 days in 156 operated patients who did not develop any or only one postoperative complication. The most frequent postoperative complication was posterior capsule opacification--11%. The most serious late complication during the entire follow-up period was endo-ophthalmitis in 8 eyes which in 5 patients after an interval up to 12 months following operation ended by evisceration of the bulbus--in all instances Russian lenses which were sterilized by ourselves were involved. The visual acuity on admission was below 6/60 in 72.3%, on discharge 6/12 or better in 32.8% and 6 months after operation 6/12 or better in 73.9%, incl. 651 eyes (88%) without supplementary correction. Despite the difficult conditions extracapsular extraction with implantation of an intraocular lens has become a routine method in our department, with a short period of hospitalization and minimal contraindications.
 ...
PMID:[Analysis of the first 1000 implants of intraocular lenses]. 139 22

Variations in intraocular pressure (IOP), observed by us and other authors in closed-system anterior chamber procedures, are explained using a simple hydrodynamic analysis based on the Bernoulli equation. Calculations show that the sudden increases in IOP (pressure spikes) measured during anterior segment surgery are due primarily to the small size of the infusion cannulas and are exacerbated by high infusion rates. Accurate measurement of these IOP variations requires placement of the pressure sensors in situ and is not possible by remote pressure sensing at the infusion line or the console. This work indicates that closed-system procedures could benefit from accurate monitoring of intraoperative IOP and could use these measurements for automatic IOP control during surgery.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 Sep
PMID:Hydrodynamic analysis of intraocular pressure changes during anterior chamber procedures. 140 46

We studied children between five and 15 years of age who were implanted with intraocular lenses (IOLs). The subjects comprised eight cases of traumatic cataract, 11 of congenital cataract, and six of steroid cataract. The follow-up ranged from four months to nine and one half years. Twenty of the eyes studied achieved a postoperative visual acuity of equal to or better than 20/40. Binocular function was retained in most cases. Postoperative complications included seven cases of posterior iris synechia, three of iris capture, one of transitory elevated intraocular pressure, and one of cystoid macular edema. Corneal endothelial studies were normal in the eyes in which posterior chamber IOLs were implanted.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 Sep
PMID:Long-term study of children with implanted intraocular lenses. 140 53

A series of 305 consecutive patients 30 years of age or older scheduled for cataract surgery was examined to find out the frequency of exfoliation syndrome, the predominant type of cataract, and the intraocular pressure status. The mean age of 222 (72.8%) females and 83 (27.2%) males was 71.7 (+/- 11.1) years (range 32 to 91 years). Exfoliation was detected in 77 (25.2%) patients. It was unilateral in 37 (48.0%) patients, the affected eye being in 29 (78.4%) cases scheduled for cataract surgery, and bilateral in 40 (52.0%) patients. Exfoliation was increased steadily with age. It was most often seen on the anterior lens capsule (88.9%). Krukenberg's spindle was seen in 31 (20.4%) eyes of patients with and in 12 (2.6%) eyes of patients without exfoliation (p less than 0.001). Nuclear sclerosis predominated in eyes with (83.8%) as compared to those without (61.9%) exfoliation (p less than 0.01). Posterior subcapsular cataract was less common in eyes with exfoliation (1.5%) than in eyes (21.1%) without it (p less than 0.001). A tendency to slightly higher preoperative intraocular pressure was measured in eyes with exfoliation as compared to those without it, and glaucoma occurred much more frequently (33.8% vs 10.8%) in the former group (p less than 0.001). Exfoliation and capsular glaucoma, which must be promptly detected to avoid surgical complications, are frequent in patients scheduled for cataract surgery.
 ...
PMID:Exfoliation syndrome in patients scheduled for cataract surgery. 141 87

Orbital cellulitis as a complication of ophthalmic surgery is uncommon. We treated a patient who had orbital cellulitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis three weeks after uncomplicated cataract extraction and lens implantation. Sinus x-rays showed sphenoid sinus opacification. Computed tomographic scan confirmed the sphenoid sinus disease, and no abscess was found. The patient recovered completely after treatment with intravenous antibiotics. Most orbital cellulitis is secondary to sinus disease. The trauma of surgery and the retrobulbar block must be considered possible causative factors in this patient, but sinus disease is still the most likely cause. Intraocular inflammation did not increase during the illness although the intraocular pressure rose from 14 to 23mmHg.
 ...
PMID:Orbital cellulitis and cavernous sinus thrombosis after cataract extraction and lens implantation. 141 32

This investigation of the liquid perfluorocarbon, perfluorophenanthrene (Vitreon), establishes its safety and efficacy as a short-term vitreoretinal tamponade. We utilised Vitreon as an intraoperative tool and postoperative vitreoretinal tamponade in 16 patients. Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) (six), giant retinal tear (four), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (three), retinal detachment with keratoprosthesis (two), and submacular and vitreous haemorrhage (one) were successfully repaired. Vitreon was left in the eye and removed 5 days to 4 weeks postoperatively. Complications encountered included proliferative PVR (five), limited peripheral retinal detachment (three), macular pucker (two) cataract (three), hypotony (two), excessive fibrin reaction (one), and elevated intraocular pressure (one). At the latest evaluation, all retinas are attached with a follow-up of 1.25 to 12 months (mean 6.8 months).
 ...
PMID:Vitreon, a short-term vitreoretinal tamponade. 142 51


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>