Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two otherwise healthy men, aged 26 and 29 years, were diagnosed with Fuchs heterochromic uveitis (FHU) on the basis of the presence of iris heterochromia or iris atrophy, stellate corneal precipitates, and/or cataract. Microbiological investigation of aqueous humour demonstrated intraocular antibody production against rubella virus, but not against Toxoplasma gondii, herpes simplex virus or varicella zoster virus. Microbial nucleic acid detection was negative for all pathogens. Some time later, both patients underwent cataract surgery, which improved their vision considerably. FHU is a chronic, generally unilateral iridocyclitis, accompanied by the above-mentioned ophthalmologic manifestations in the absence of systemic disease. Little is known about the pathogenesis ofFHU, but recent publications have provided evidence for the possible involvement of the rubella virus.
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PMID:[Relationship between rubella virus and Fuchs heterochromic uveitis; 2 patients]. 1816 Dec 66

Opa3 mRNA is expressed in all tissues examined to date, but currently the function of the OPA3 protein is unknown. Intriguingly, various mutations in the OPA3 gene lead to two similar diseases in humans: autosomal dominant inherited optic atrophy and cataract (ADOAC) and a metabolic condition; type 3-methylglutaconic aciduria (MGA). Early onset bilateral optic atrophy is a common characteristic of both disorders; retinal ganglion cells are lost and visual acuity is impaired from an early age. In order to investigate the function of the OPA3 protein, we have generated a novel ENU-induced mutant mouse carrying a missense mutation in the OPA3 gene. The heterozygous mutation in exon 2, causes an amino acid change p.L122P (c.365T>C), which is predicted to alter tertiary protein structure. In the heterozygous state, the mice appear uncompromised however; in the homozygous state mice display some of the features of MGA. Visual function is severely reduced, consistent with significant loss of retinal ganglion cells and degeneration of axons in the optic nerve. In the homozygous optic nerve, there was evidence of increased mitochondrial activity, as demonstrated by the increased presence of mitochondrial marker Cytochrome C Oxidase (COX) histochemistry. Mice homozygous for the opa3(L122P) mutation also display a severe multi-systemic disease characterized by reduced lifespan (majority dying before 4 months), decreased weight, dilated cardiomyopathy, extrapyramidal dysfunction and gross neuro-muscular defects. All of these defects are synonymous with the phenotypic characteristics of Type III MGA found in humans. This model will be of major importance for future studies of the specific function of the OPA3 gene.
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PMID:A missense mutation in the murine Opa3 gene models human Costeff syndrome. 1822 92

Diabetes is a progressive disease that may adversely affect healthy functioning of the body. The eyes are often indicators of systemic disease and are particularly vulnerable to the pathophysiological changes that occur as a result of diabetes. This article provides an overview of five main ocular complications associated with diabetes, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, central retinal vein occlusion, central retinal artery occlusion and neovascular glaucoma. The assessment and treatment of such complications and the role of the nurse in the care and management of patients are discussed.
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PMID:Ocular complications associated with diabetes mellitus. 1898 69

We report a case of spontaneous dislocation of the crystalline lens into the anterior chamber in a patient with no history of trauma or any systemic disease associated with zonular dialysis. Anterior lens dislocation developed 10 months after argon laser iridotomy had been performed for angle-closure glaucoma. We suspect the argon laser iridotomy might have induced localized zonular dialysis that resulted in progressive zonular weakness and, finally, lens dislocation into the anterior chamber.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2009 Jan
PMID:Argon laser iridotomy as a possible cause of anterior dislocation of a crystalline lens. 1954 42

Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome (IFIS) is a triad of progressive intraoperative miosis despite preoperative dilation, billowing of a flaccid iris, and iris prolapse toward the incision sites during phacoemulsification surgery for cataract removal. IFIS has been associated with systemic alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor antagonists and other classes of medications for benign prostatic hyperplasia, as well as other systemic disease. The condition is best managed with several surgical and pharmacologic options if anticipated prior to surgery. Such precautions result in excellent surgical and visual acuity outcomes that appear similar to non-IFIS-affected eyes. There is still much to learn about IFIS and its exact causes, as well as a need for agreed upon guidelines that would enable physicians to properly anticipate and successfully manage or even prevent the condition.
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PMID:Alpha-blockers and intraoperative floppy iris syndrome: ophthalmic adverse events following cataract surgery. 2046 43

Age-related cataracts are mainly caused by life-long accumulation of oxidative stress on the lens fibres. Symptoms include reduced visual acuity, requiring more light for reading, and glare. The only treatment that provides a cure for cataracts is surgery. Phacoemulsification represents the preferred method of lens removal. It involves fragmentation of the lens using ultrasound and insertion of an artificial intraocular lens. The preoperative assessment the general practitioner provides to surgeon and anesthesia team has an important share in the low complication rate of the procedure in the event of co-existing systemic disease. Growing patient expectation for spectacle independence following cataract surgery is met to some extent using techniques for astigmatism control and presbyo-pia-correcting intraocular lenses.
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PMID:[Cataract surgery - essentials for the general practitioner]. 2070 Aug 72

Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the management of patients with uveitis. Topical corticosteroids are effective in the control of anterior uveitis, but vary in strength, ocular penetration and side effect profile. Systemic corticosteroids are widely used for the management of posterior segment inflammation which requires treatment, particularly when it is associated with systemic disease or when bilateral ocular disease is present. However, when ocular inflammation is unilateral, or is active in one eye only, local therapy has considerable advantages, and periocular injections of corticosteroid are a useful alternative to systemic medication and are very effective in controlling mild or moderate intraocular inflammation. More recently, the injection of intraocular corticosteroids such as triamcinolone have been found to be effective in reducing macular oedema and improving vision in uveitic eyes which have proved refractory to systemic or periocular corticosteroids. The effect is usually transient, lasting around 3 months, but can be repeated although the side effects of cataract and raised intraocular pressure are increased in frequency with intraocular versus periocular corticosteroid injections. This has led to the development of new intraocular corticosteroid devices which are designed to deliver sustained-release drugs and obviate the need for systemic immunosuppressive treatment. The first such implant was Retisert, which is surgically implanted (in the operating theatre) and is designed to release fluocinolone over a period of about 30 months. More recently, Ozurdex, a 'bioerodible' dexamethasone implant which can be inserted in an office setting, has completed phase III clinical trials in patients with intermediate and posterior uveitis. This implant lasts approximately 6 months, and has been found to be effective with a much better side effect profile than Retisert or intravitreal triamcinolone injection, at least for one injection.
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PMID:New developments in corticosteroid therapy for uveitis. 2071 81

To report an outbreak of Fusarium solani endophthalmitis after uneventful cataract surgeries performed on the same day in the same operating room. Nine patients underwent phacoemulsification at 4th Clinic of Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul. Cefuroxime axetyl was injected intracamerally from the same vial to all patients at the end of surgery. All patients developed acute postoperative endophthalmitis. Presentation, cultural studies, treatment, clinical responses and risk factors were evaluated. Cultural and DNA sequence findings revealed F. solani. Antifungal therapy was begun and pars plana vitrectomy, intraocular lens and capsule extraction were performed. Corneal involvement was correlated with old age and systemic disease. Fusarium solani should be considered in acute postoperative endophthalmitis. This infection can be controlled with early and aggressive combined antifungal and surgical treatment. The patients with corneal involvement had poor prognosis. It is important to use solutions prepared separately for each patient.
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PMID:An outbreak of Fusarium solani endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in an eye training and research hospital in Istanbul. 2162 95

Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive lymphoid proliferation associated with the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). The intraocular invasion of ATL is a rare event. A 75-year-old man without any systemic disease underwent uneventful cataract surgery of the right eye. On postoperative day 6, the patient presented with blurred vision due to severe vitreous opacity in the right eye. Analysis of the vitreous fluid revealed a suspected ATL infection based on the flow cytometric analysis. Moreover, cytological examination of the vitreous specimen revealed flower cell infiltration, and HTLV-1 DNA was detected by PCR analysis of the vitreous sample. Monoclonal T-cell receptor chain rearrangement was also detected by PCR. Thorough analysis of a vitreous sample is essential for vitrectomy in vitreous opacity of unknown cause. Flow cytometric, cytological, and PCR analysis of vitreous samples is beneficial for determining the cause of this kind of severe illness.
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PMID:Intraocular Invasion of Adult T-Cell Leukemia Cells without Systemic Symptoms after Cataract Surgery. 2434 12

Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease that increases the risk of infections. Exogenous endophthalmitis is an inflammatory disease to which diabetic patients are more predisposed to than nondiabetic patients undergoing any intraocular intervention. This might be because of the change in the immune and inflammatory factors that intervene in wound healing and in the bacterial flora of the ocular adnexa. We conducted a literature review to assess the risk of exogenous endophthalmitis in diabetic patients undergoing cataract extraction, pars plana vitrectomy, and intravitreal injections and to check whether its treatment differ from in non-diabetics. We found that diabetic patients are more predisposed to virulent organisms and that the incidence of ophthalmic symptoms was not substantially different in diabetic versus nondiabetic patients. Regarding treatment, all patients with light perception should receive pars plana vitrectomy, while those with hand motion and better vision should be given an intravitreal antibiotics injection. Some authors recommend vitrectomy to diabetic patients with even counting figure vision.
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PMID:Exogenous endophthalmitis in diabetic patients: a systemic review. 2455 28


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