Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was conducted of 308 eyes with pathologic myopia obtained from 202 patients (23 surgical eyes; 285 post mortem eyes) over a 67-year period. Histopathologic findings and percentage of eyes affected, in decreasing order of frequency, were myopic configuration of the optic nerve head, 37.7%; posterior staphyloma, 35.4%; degenerative changes of the vitreous, 35.1%; cobblestone degeneration, 14.3%; myopic degeneration of the retina, 11.4%; retinal detachment, 11.4%; retinal pits, holes, or tears, 8.1%; subretinal neovascularization, 5.2%; lattice degeneration, 4.9%; Fuchs spot, 3.2%; and lacquer cracks, 0.6%. The reasons for enucleation in the surgically obtained eyes included, in decreasing order of frequency: degeneration after retinal detachment; secondary glaucoma; endophthalmitis; postsurgical epithelial ingrowth; expulsive hemorrhage; degeneration after cataract extraction; and presumed intraocular tumor. Clinicopathologic correlations are discussed.
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PMID:Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia. 143 43

A series of eight regional eye surveys were conducted in Kenya as part of the Kenya Rural Blindness Prevention Project. Each survey consisted of clinical examinations of about 1800 individuals selected by a random cluster sampling technique in geographically distinct and culturally homogeneous rural areas; 13,803 examinations were completed in all. Together these surveys provide the basis for national estimates of the prevalence and aetiology of visual loss and ocular pathology. The results showed that 0.7% of rural Kenyans are blind in the better eye by WHO standards, and another 2.5% suffer significant visual impairment. Rates of visual loss tend to increase five-fold in each 20-year age cohort. Females have higher prevalence of visual loss than males over age 20, and certain geographical areas have markedly higher rates. The commonest cause of both blindness and visual impairment is cataract, accounting for 38% of all visual loss. Trachoma (a localised problem), glaucoma, macular degeneration, and severe refractive errors follow cataract as leading causes of blindness in the better eye. Trauma, corneal scars of various causes, phthisis, and staphyloma are important causes of monocular blindness. Nutritional eye disease does not appear to be a problem of any magnitude in rural Kenya.
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PMID:Blindness and eye disease in Kenya: ocular status survey results from the Kenya Rural Blindness Prevention Project. 237 38

The evaluation of 404 consecutively implanted posterior-chamber intraocular lenses after extra-capsular cataract extraction revealed a mean post-operative refractive error of + 0.52 diopters with a standard deviation of +/- 1.27 diopters. Four calculations attracted attention because of their unusually high refractive error of + 3.4 diopters. A post-operative refractive balance excluded measurement or calculation errors. On the other hand, repeated axial length measurements on these four eyes showed a very high mean variation of 3.27 mm. This high variation can be correlated to such typical elevation changes of the central fundus as a tilted disc or posterior staphyloma. High axial length measurements which do not correspond to appropriate amounts of axial myopia should be handled carefully to avoid high amounts of hyperopia following intraocular implantation.
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PMID:[Fundus asymmetry--supertraction of the papilla and posterior sclera staphyloma--as a source of error in the calculation of intraocular lenses]. 651 95

The observation of a female patient with senile cataract is presented. After retrobulbar anesthesia using xiline, big ocular hypotony with ocular globe deformation was remarked. Although the operation was done without any incident, the patient cannot see with the operated eye and blood in vitreous was bio-microscopically detected, confirming the diagnosis of ocular globe perforation during anesthesia. This showed that single-use needles, with long bizeau and very thin margins can produce ocular globe perforation due to retrobulbar injections. Besides the needle's type, other risk factors are axial myopia, posterior and inferior staphyloma, multiple para- and retrobulbar injections, repeated scleral interventions.
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PMID:[Perforation of the eyeball in retrobulbar anesthesia]. 818 13

It is estimated that at least 200,000 children in India have severe visual impairment or blindness and approximately 15,000 are in schools for the blind. Although this represents a small percentage of the estimated 5 million blind in India, it is significant in terms of 'blind-years'. Strategies to combat childhood blindness require accurate data on the causes to allocate resources to appropriate preventive and curative services. Since socio-economic factors vary in different areas of this industrializing country data should be representative of the country as a whole. This is the first multi-state study to be undertaken in India using the Record for Children with Blindness and Low Vision from the World Health Organization/PBL Programme. A total of 1411 children in 22 schools from nine states in different geographical zones were examined by an ophthalmologist and optometrist. Of these, 1318 children were severely visually impaired or blind (SVI/BL). The major causes of SVI/BL in this study were: (1) corneal staphyloma, scar and phthisis bulbi (mainly attributable to vitamin A deficiency) in 26.4%; (2) microphthalmos, anophthalmos and coloboma in 20.7%; (3) retinal dystrophies and albinism in 19.3%; and (4) cataract, uncorrected aphakia and amblyopia in 12.3%. This mixed pattern of causes lies in an intermediate position between the patterns seen in developing countries and those seen in industrialised countries. The causes identified indicate the importance both of preventive public health strategies and of specialist paediatric ophthalmic and optical services in the management of childhood blindness in India.
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PMID:Childhood blindness in India: causes in 1318 blind school students in nine states. 854 69

Chemical injury to the eye is still an important cause of blindness and serious complications in Benin City, Nigeria. Twelve patients were seen with chemical injury to the eye over a five year period. They were all male patients. Ten were assault cases and two were accidental cases. The most common injurious agent was ammonia. Complications seen were corneal opacification in ten patients, symblepharon in nine patients, entropion, ectropion, cataract and staphyloma developed in some of the patients. There were four cases of bilateral blindness and six cases of unilateral blindness. Late presentation to hospital and failure to initiate adequate first aid treatment were contributing factors to the poor outcome. Health education of the public about the importance of prompt, prolonged irrigation of the chemically injured eye and early presentation to the hospital is advised.
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PMID:Chemical injuries to the eye in Benin City, Nigeria. 1082 Oct 91

A unilateral scleral staphyloma in an 18-month-old, female spayed Domestic Short-haired cat was treated with excision, primary closure and fascial graft. Other ocular abnormalities noted on examination included iris coloboma, anterior cortical cataract, focal lens equator flattening and retinal dysplasia. The staphyloma was presumed to be congenital in origin.
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PMID:Staphyloma in a cat. 1275 8

There are irreversible eyeball structural changes in high myopic patients. These changes include axial length, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, fundus degeneration, macula thickness, etc. There is a close relationship between the damage degree of visual function and these changes. The incidence of complications, such as vitreous opacity, posterior vitreous detachment, cataract, glaucoma, posterior staphyloma and retina detachment, is also highly related to the myopia diopter. More and more researches have indicated that the myopia diopter and the level of visual function are affected by multiple factors. It is promising to detect all of these changes by different kinds of methods, and to assess visual function through these changes. By clarifying these changes, it is also useful to distinguish traumatic damage from disease to provide evidence for forensic assessment of eye injuries.
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PMID:[Eyeball structure changes in high myopic patients and their significance for forensic assessment]. 1897 20

Bestrophin-1 is an integral membrane protein, encoded by the BEST1 gene, which is located in the basolateral membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium. The bestrophin-1 protein forms a Ca(2+) activated Cl(-) channel and is involved in the regulation of voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels. In addition, bestrophin-1 appears to play a role in ocular development. Over 120 different human BEST1 mutations have been described to date, associated with a broad range of ocular phenotypes. The purpose of this review is to describe this spectrum of phenotypes, which includes Best vitelliform macular dystrophy and adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy, autosomal dominant vitreoretinochoroidopathy, the MRCS (microcornea, rod-cone dystrophy, cataract, posterior staphyloma) syndrome, and autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy. The genotype-phenotype correlations that are observed in association with BEST1 mutations are discussed. In addition, in vitro studies and animal models that clarify the pathophysiological mechanisms are reviewed.
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PMID:The spectrum of ocular phenotypes caused by mutations in the BEST1 gene. 1937 15

Blind eyes can harbor a choroidal melanoma. We report a case of uveal melanoma presenting as staphyloma and complicated cataract in a 45-year-old female. The left eye was blind for six months. She underwent comprehensive ocular examination but fundus examination was precluded due to total cataract. The ultrasound of the eye showed a large mass filling the superior, nasal and inferonasal vitreous cavity with high surface reflectivity and low to moderate internal reflectivity. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma. The patient underwent extended enucleation and histopathology was consistent with uveal melanoma.
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PMID:Uveal melanoma presenting as cataract and staphyloma. 2041 39


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