Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rapid recognition and appropriate therapy will prevent or remediate most of the complications occurring in children after cataract aspiration and IOL implantation. Some of the complications of pediatric IOL implantations are related to the increased scleral pliability and decreased rigidity which predispose scleral collapse, vitreous loss, flat anterior chamber and corneal endothelial damage. A second group of complications is associated with the enhanced inflammatory and fibrotic responses peculiar to a child's eye. This group includes operative striate keratitis and iridocyclitis, late IOL precipitates, secondary and postpseudophakos membranes, iris erosion and synechiae formation, and IOL tilt and displacement. Although the intraocular lens is a possible means of visual rehabilitation for children with traumatic cataracts or unilateral infantile cataracts, its long-term risk/benefit ratio must still stand the test of time.
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PMID:Complications of implant surgery in children. 37 20

1. Increasingly more patients with PPRD are seen. A retinal detachment can occur after any type of implant or cataract extraction. 2. The pseudophakic patient is better equipped than the aphakic patient to recognize symptoms of a retinal detachment, and most PPRDs are seen soon after they occur. 3. Visual access to the retina is sometimes decreased. The IOL requires more precautions. Hazy media and lens remnants are a major handicap, and the examination is more difficult and time-consuming. 4. Characteristic pseudophakogenic retinal changes or breaks are not obvious. Retinal tears are small and located near the ora serrata retinae. 5. When the breaks are found, the lengthy examination can be followed by a simple scleral buckle with minimal insult to the eye. When the breaks are not found, the treatment is extensive. 6. The anatomical and visual results are comparable to results of other rhegmatogeneous retinal detachments.
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PMID:Retinal detachments and intraocular lenses. 39 36

Aphakia is a disabling condition. It must be corrected by spectacles, contact lenses, refractive keratoplasty, or insertion of a pseudophakos. In those patients who do not tolerate a contact lens or cataract spectacles, refractive keratoplasty or secondary implantation of an IOL should be considered. Keratophakia and hyperopic keratomileusis have not yet evolved to the point at which refractive keratoplasty can be considered a practical answer to aphakia. This leaves a significant population of aphakic patients who can be visually rehabilitated only be secondary implantation of an IOL. Despite the risks and hazards associated with any intraocular surgery, the benefits derived from successful correction of aphakia with secondary implantation fully justify this procedure. Secondary implantation is a proved, successful modality for the corretion of aphakia. The number of patients requiring secondary implantation is not great, but in patients in whom secondary implantation is indicated, both the patient and the physician will find the results most rewarding.
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PMID:Secondary implantation. 52 Dec 28

Our data indicate that corneal endothelial cell density in a normal eye remains essentially unchanged from ages five to 20. Changes in cell density and morphology during the first five years of life need further investigation. In this study, the mean endothelial cell count of a normal population of children was 2696 cells/mm2. Children undergoing cataract aspiration had a mean cell loss from the normal of 7.2%. The cell loss rates for push-pull aspiration-irrigation or phacoemulsification cataract extraction were not statistically different. The implantation of an intraocular lens was associated with a 33.3% endothelial cell loss when compared to the control or normal population of eyes. A mean loss of 38.0% was noted when the IOL eyes were compared to their normal fellow eyes.
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PMID:Central corneal endothelial cell counts in children. 52 31

The intraocular lens offers an additional parameter to be considered for the visual rehabilitation of children with traumatic or infantile cataracts. The disadvantages of aphakic spectacles or contact lens have committed many of these eyes to the status of visual cripples. Bearing in mind all of the complications and the lack of long-term follow-up, the IOL warrants careful consideration for use in this group of cataract patients. In this series of 27 patients with a maximum of 18 months' follow-up, it is concluded that the IOL may be successfully implanted and that, thus far, no eye has been made worse than the patients preinsertion status.
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PMID:Intraocular lens implantation in children. 91 Nov 21

Fluorescein leakage into the anterior chamber (AC) and from the iris were found early after extracapsular cataract extraction (8 eyes) and IOL implantation (29 eyes). The leakage into AC and from the iris were apparently comparable after ECCE, whereas the former was stronger after anterior or posterior chamber IOL implantation, and no leakage was discernible where the iris and the loops of AC-IOL were in contact. Fluorescein leakage into the AC and from the iris indicated overall traumatic damage to the blood-aqueous barrier.
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PMID:[Anterior segment fluorescein angiography and IOL implantation]. 129 84

Induction of intraoperative pupillary constriction, is predominantly a prostaglandin mediated process. The most potent antiprostaglandin NSAID, Flurbiprofen was used topically to study its efficacy against the above. In a prospective double blind clinical study, 50 brown eyes undergoing planned E.C.C.E., the pupils were dilated with 10% phenylephrine and 2% homatropine 1%/tropicamide. 25 eyes received 0.03% Flurbiprofen-Na+ eye drops 1/2 hourly starting two hours before surgery. The maintained intraoperative mydriasis in the two groups before anterior chamber entry (stage I) vs at the end of complete cortex wash (stage III) was: in control group (stage I) 8.46 +/- 0.48 mm vs (stage III) 3.56 +/- 0.43 mm (highly SS); in flurbiprofen group (stage I) 8.60 +/- 0.48 mm vs (stage III) 8.01 +/- 0.63 mm (NSS). The pupillary area available for surgical manipulation in the control group was significantly decreased from 56.18 mm2 in state I to 9.94 mm2 in stage III, while in flurbiprofen group it changed insignificantly from 58.05 mm2 in stage I to 50.24 mm2 in stage III. Postoperatively after cataract was observed in 44% eyes of control group as compared to only 8% of eyes of flurbiprofen group. Thus a maintained intraoperative mydriasis in flurbiprofen group led to better E.C.L.E. which is a mandatory prerequisite to preferred and better present day posterior chamber IOL implantation.
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PMID:Preoperative topical flurbiprofen-Na+ in extracapsular lens extraction role in maintaining intraoperative pupillary dilatation. 130 Mar 1

Twenty-five cases of posterior chamber IOL implantation in traumatic cataract with complications associated with primary injury were reported. The operating methods were described and the post-operative complications were discussed. Seventy-two percent of patients have the correct vision over 20/40. It is suggested that the posterior chamber IOL can be implanted in traumatic cataract with some injured complications.
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PMID:Posterior chamber IOL implantation in traumatic cataract with injured complications. 130 66

Cataracta secundaria ("Elschnig pearls") following extracapsular cataract extraction with IOL implantation can be treated by Neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy or by surgical peeling. The major benefit of the peeling technique is the preservation of an intact posterior capsule. We retrospectively reviewed the peeling procedures (n = 224, mean age: 67 years) performed in our hospital from 1987 to 1990. The results were as follows: (1) In almost all cases (214/224) visual acuity was improved by the operation (mean improvement 0.16-->0.54); (2) major complications were: rupture of the posterior capsule in 9% (20 eyes), mostly (11 cases = 5%) associated with vitreous prolapse; retinal detachment in 1% (2 cases, one with, one without preceding rupture of the posterior capsule); persistnt corneal edema caused by endothelial decompensation in 1 case; (3) recurrence of cataracta secundaria after the first peeling was observed in 26%. Surgical peeling of cataracta secundaria improves visual acuity to about the same extent as Neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy. It is not without risk, however, and complications occur, including retinal detachment. The possibility that a secondary cataract can reform must be taken into account.
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PMID:[Surgical aspiration of secondary cataract. Success quotas and complications]. 130 2

In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial we studied the protective effect of prednisolone-acetate 1.0% and dexamethasone 0.1% on the blood-aqueous barrier after cataract-extraction and posterior chamber lens implantation. Pre- and postoperative anterior chamber fluorophotometry was performed after i.v. administration of 10% fluorescein-sodium in 20 eyes of 20 patients of whom 16 finished the study (mean age 68.7 +/- 11.0; 13 female, 3 male). The topical application of either drug 5 times daily for 5 days did show a significant difference in surgery mediated disturbance of BAB in each group before and after phacoemulsification. However, when comparing the effect of the two drugs with each other, a difference could not be detected (p = 0.35). To attain a statistical 95% probability that there is no significant difference between the two treatment groups, a number of 690 patients would have had to be investigated. The results can be interpreted as to be due to a better cornea penetration of prednisolone-acetate which compensate the higher glucocorticoid-potency and receptor-affinity of dexamethasone. The untreated fellow-eyes did not reveal a significant difference between the pre- and postoperative anterior chamber fluorescein-concentrations in either treatment group. Anterior chamber fluorophotometry is able to demonstrate the potency and influence of both prednisolone-acetate 1.0% and dexamethasone 0.1% eye-drops on the BAB following phacoemulsification and IOL-implantation. The difference of both drugs does not seem to be of clinical importance in this context.
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PMID:[Effect of 0.1% dexamethasone and 1.0% prednisolone acetate eyedrops on the blood-aqueous humor barrier]. 130 12


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