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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ocular manifestations of viral infection vary greatly. Involvement of the anterior segment is generally mild and self-limited, except in cases of congenital infection which are often associated with significant alteration of ocular structures or in cases of childhood infection with herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus, in which prolonged inflammation may lead to corneal thinning or perforation, glaucoma and cataract formation. Involvement of the posterior structures is potentially sight-threatening. Retinal or optic nerve involvement should be suspected in any patient who complains of acute onset of blurred vision in the absence of anterior segment inflammation or opacities in the ocular media. Fortunately retinal viral infection is rare in immunocompetent hosts. Optic neuropathy may occur as an isolated sign but is more often associated with more generalized involvement of the central nervous system. While specific therapy is not always available, early diagnosis of ocular viral disease should aid in the amelioration of acute symptoms and prevention of long term complications.
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PMID:Ocular viral infections. 608 28

A reverse transcription-nested PCR assay (RT-PCR) was evaluated for diagnosis of congenitally acquired rubella in utero and during infancy. RT-PCR was compared with virus isolation for retrospective detection of rubella virus in placental and fetal tissues obtained after termination of pregnancy following primary rubella or rubella virus reinfection. Concordant results were obtained for 85% of samples; rubella virus RNA was detected by RT-PCR alone in four samples, and rubella virus was detected by isolation alone in two samples. Samples were also obtained for prenatal diagnosis of congenital infection; rubella virus RNA was detected in three of seven chorionic villus samples and one of three amniotic fluid samples by RT-PCR, while rubella virus was isolated in only one chorionic villus sample. To demonstrate that the RNA extracted from chorionic villus samples contained amplifiable RNA, a nested RT-PCR was used to detect keratin mRNA. Rubella virus was detected in placenta in two cases in which the fetus was uninfected, and there was no evidence of rubella virus in the placenta from one case in which the fetus was infected. Thus, detection of rubella virus in chorionic villus samples by RT-PCR may not always correctly predict fetal rubella virus infection. RT-PCR was successfully used for the diagnosis of congenitally acquired rubella in infancy. Rubella virus RNA was detected in cyropreserved or formalin-fixed lens aspirates obtained from infants in India with serologically confirmed congenital rubella but not in samples from controls with inherited cataract.
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PMID:Use of PCR for prenatal and postnatal diagnosis of congenital rubella. 857 39

In 2 infants, a girl and a boy, congenital viral infection was diagnosed in the neonatal period. The prenatal examination (serologic investigation for Toxoplasma gondii, rubella virus, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus and syphilis (TORCHES)) was negative. In both cases prenatal ultrasonography was abnormal and suggested intrauterine infection. The infants were born with typical symptoms of multisystem disease, known as symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection (jaundice, petechiae, hepatosplenomegaly, intrauterine growth retardation, microcephaly and cerebral calcifications) and congenital rubella syndrome (intrauterine growth retardation, congenital heart disease, cataract, hepatosplenomegaly and cerebral calcifications), respectively. Both had severe cerebral damage. To diagnose severe congenital infection in the first trimester of pregnancy in presence of congenital anomalies in utero there are other possible methods than TORCHES investigation, such as polymerase chain reaction and virus culture in amniotic fluid or in foetal blood obtained by cord puncture.
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PMID:[Congenital infection: diagnostic serology of the mother not always definitive]. 1121 56

The eye manifestations of intrauterine infections are multiple, but chorioretinal scars and/or active chorioretinitis are the most frequently reported. When associated with other systemic manifestations of the infection, the diagnosis becomes more obvious, but when eye involvement is the only abnormality, etiology often remains uncertain. We are presenting the case of an 8-year-old female patient whose fundus lesions revealed an unusual choroidoretinopathy, associated with cataract in one eye. Her general examination and her medical history were unremarkable. Blood test for multiple pathogenic agents (HIV, hepatitis Band C, Toxoplasma, Toxocara, Borrelia, CMV, Epstein-Barr virus) were negative. Complete blood count, ESR, fibrinogen and CRP are all within normal limits. Plasma ornithine levels were in normal range (ruling out a diagnosis of gyrate atrophy). The chorioretinal lesions discovered in this 8 years old child may be caused by an acquired or a congenital infection. As in most similar cases, the clinical aspect, the medical history and the blood work did not help too much in establishing the moment of the infection or the causative agent. A complete clinical, structural and functional base-line evaluation is however mandatory when facing such a case. Periodic follow-up is recommended in order to assess the evolution of the disease.
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PMID:Bilateral Chorioretinal Scars in a Child - Case Report. 2846 38

Congenital infections refer to a group of perinatal infections that may have similar clinical presentations, including rash and ocular findings. TORCH is the acronym that covers these infections (toxoplasmosis, other [syphilis], rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus). There are, however, other important causes of intrauterine/perinatal infections, including enteroviruses, varicella zoster virus, Zika virus, and parvovirus B19. Intrauterine and perinatal infections are significant causes of fetal and neonatal mortality and important contributors to childhood morbidity. A high index of suspicion for congenital infections and awareness of the prominent features of the most common congenital infections can help to facilitate early diagnosis, tailor appropriate diagnostic evaluation, and if appropriate, initiate early treatments. In the absence of maternal laboratory results diagnostic of intrauterine infections, congenital infections should be suspected in newborns with certain clinical features or combinations of clinical features, including hydrops fetalis, microcephaly, seizures, cataract, hearing loss, congenital heart disease, hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, or rash. Primary prevention of maternal infections during pregnancy is the cornerstone of prevention of congenital infection. Available resources should focus on the promotion of public health.
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PMID:Congenital infections in Hong Kong: an overview of TORCH. 3253 15

Congenital infections refer to a group of perinatal infections that are caused by pathogens transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy (transplacentally) or delivery (peripartum) which may have similar clinical presentations, including rash and ocular findings. TORCH is the acronym that covers these infections (toxoplasmosis, other [syphilis], rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus). Other important causes of intrauterine/perinatal infection include human immunodeficiency virus, varicella-zoster virus, Treponema pallidum, Zika virus, and parvovirus B19. This overview aims to describe various congenital infections beyond TORCH with a Hong Kong perspective. Intrauterine and perinatal infections are a major cause of in utero death and neonatal mortality, and an important contributor to childhood morbidity. A high index of suspicion for congenital infections and awareness of the prominent features of the most common congenital infections can help to facilitate early diagnosis, tailor appropriate diagnostic evaluation, and initiate appropriate early treatment. Intrauterine infections should be suspected in newborns with clinical features including microcephaly, seizures, cataract, hearing loss, congenital heart disease, hepatosplenomegaly, small for gestational age, and/or rash. Primary prevention of maternal infections during pregnancy is key to the prevention of congenital infection, and resources (if available) should focus on public health promotion and pre-marital counselling.
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PMID:Congenital infections in Hong Kong: beyond TORCH. 3270 96