Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A progressive neuromuscular disorder in young horses, clinically apparent as early as 1 month of age, is characterized by generalized myotonia, muscle stiffness, muscle weakness and atrophy. Myotonia is identified by percussion dimpling and myotonic EMG discharges. Changes in one case included testicular hypoplasia, cataract formation, and glucose intolerance, indicating a systemic involvement. Pathologic changes in skeletal muscles from three affected foals were examined. Sarcoplasmic masses, ringed fibers, internal positioning of sarcolemmal nuclei, and nuclear rowing were among the primary histologic changes noted. Variation in fiber diameter size, especially atrophy, and type I predominance were also prominent changes. A neurogenic involvement was indicated by type grouping changes in several muscles.
 ...
PMID:Skeletal muscle changes associated with equine myotonic dystrophy. 223 55

Almost all the male animals of WBN/Kob rat strain show the diabetic syndrome whereas none of the female animals develop such diseased conditions even at elder age. We investigated the effect of sex hormones on the onset of diabetic syndrome of this rat strain by comparing the results of body weight gain and various clinical tests such as glucose tolerance, serum biochemistry and histopathology of spayed female rats with those of non-treated and sham-operated female animals kept until 88-week-old. Non-treated and sham-operated female animals had shown no abnormal result even at 88-week-old. Spayed female animals began to reveal glucosuria associated with polydipsia and polyuria from 72-week-old, and gradually developed emaciation and cataract. Increased body weight gain, impaired glucose tolerance and lasting hyperglycemia were observed prior to the onset of the symptoms. Pancreatic changes consisted of atrophy of acinar tissue and atrophy or disappearance of islet tissue attributable to clinical data also were detected in spayed female animals. These diabetic syndrome and pancreatic change were analogous to those of aged male WBN/Kob rats but the onset of spayed females was delayed and less severe. Present results suggest that female sex hormones are protective from the onset of diabetic syndrome of WBN/Kob rats.
 ...
PMID:[Effect of gonadectomy on the onset of diabetic syndrome in the female WBN/Kob rats]. 324 Jul 81

A severe and progressive neuromuscular disorder accompanied by clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological features resembling human dystrophia myotonica was observed in three foals. This disorder was apparent as early as 1 month of age and involved progressive skeletal muscle dysfunction, initially characterized by proximal muscle hypertrophy and hypertonicity with subsequent muscle stiffness, weakness, and atrophy. Multisystem involvement was manifested in one case by testicular hypoplasia, early cataract formation, and borderline glucose intolerance. Prolonged dimpling of these large rear-limb muscles was elicited by percussion. Myotonic discharges were identified by electromyography. Percussion dimpling and the typical myotonic discharges persisted after neuromuscular blockade. Distinctive histologic muscle changes included ring fibers, sarcoplasmic mass formation, variation in fiber diameter size, and internally positioned nuclei.
 ...
PMID:Progressive myotonia in foals resembling human dystrophia myotonica. 339 75

Twenty seven cases of actionomycotic mycetoma caused either by Actinomadura madurae or Actinomadura pelletierii have been described. Infection by A. madurae has been more common than A. pelletierii. Left foot in A. madurae and right foot in A. pelletierii infections were involved more commonly in adult males, whereas right foot of the females was frequently affected in A. madurae infection. Large, soft, white grains in A. madurae and small, firm, red grains in A. pelletierii were consistently seen. Deep hematoxylin stained grains with scalloped margin and prominent eosinophilic club in A. madurae and such deep stained grains with smooth margin and horizontal cracks appearing as portions of a spherical mass in A. pelletierri were diagnostic. Large numbers of plasma cells and Russel bodies were also characteristic of A. madurae infection. Both the grains were stainable with Von Kossa method for calcium. Bone changes were similar in both the infections. Oral tetracycline produced soft tissue and bone resolution to almost normalcy in those who regularly consumed the drug any time from 2 to 6 years. Mild glucose intolerance, facial hyperpigmentation and urticaria were the side effects observed in a few. Two patients developed cataract following tetracycline therapy. The value of medical therapy with oral tetracycline in Actionomadura mycetomas is emphasized.
 ...
PMID:A clinico-pathological study of actinomycotic mycetomas caused by Actinomadura madurae and Actinomadura pelletierii. 357 38

The incidence of visually disabling cataract was estimated by the rate of first cataract extraction in a population of Pima Indians in Arizona. The annual age-specific rates of cataract surgery (first and second eyes) were 3.7 to 5.9 times as high as the estimated US rates. Diabetes was a strong risk factor for first cataract surgery in all age and sex groups except in men aged 75 to 84 years. Overall, with age and sex controlled, the rate of first cataract surgery was 2.2 times as high (95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 3.9) in diabetic as in nondiabetic subjects. Cataract surgery was related to the duration and type of treatment of diabetes. Insulin-treated diabetics had about five times the rate of those with normal glucose tolerance. The rate of cataract surgery was lowest in subjects with normal glucose tolerance, somewhat higher in those with impaired glucose tolerance, and even higher with increasing duration of diabetes.
 ...
PMID:Incidence of cataract extraction in Pima Indians. Diabetes as a risk factor. 388 67

Data on the clinical features of the Werner syndrome in 102 patients in Japan were collected by sending questionnaires to major hospitals and analyzed. The male-to-female ratio was 3 to 2 and the incidences of consanguinity and familial occurrence were 51% and 39.4%, respectively. These patients were divided into 3 subgroups; group 1, 2, and 3 lacked short stature, cataract, and hypogonadism, respectively. Each group had somewhat different clinical features. Endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in the Werner syndrome patients were compared with those in normal aged subjects. Impaired plasma growth-hormone responses to insulin and arginine were more common and impaired plasma thyrotropin responses to TRH were less common in the Werner syndrome patients than in aged subjects. Plasma LH and FSH levels were higher in most patients than those in age- and sex-matched controls; also, their serum testosterone concentrations were lower than those in age-matched controls and testicular biopsy revealed more marked atrophy than in aged subjects. Serum triiodothyronine levels tended to be lower than in age-matched controls. Oral glucose tolerance test revealed diabetic glucose tolerance in 55% and impaired glucose tolerance in 22%, although fasting blood glucose levels were elevated only in 20%. Plasma insulin response to glucose was more exaggerated in those with the Werner syndrome than in normal aged subjects. The euglycemic glucose clamp method revealed lower glucose disposal rates and insulin sensitivity indices in the Werner syndrome than in normal subjects of similar age. The number of erythrocyte insulin-binding sites was normal in the Werner syndrome patients. These results suggest a postreceptor defect in insulin resistance in the Werner syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Clinical, endocrine and metabolic aspects of the Werner syndrome compared with those of normal aging. 390 66

Association of "senile" cataract (SC) with glucose intolerance (impaired tolerance and diabetes) was assessed by sex and age in a random population sample comprising 930 individuals aged 40-70 yr, who underwent concurrent oral glucose tolerance test and ophthalmoscopy. The eye examination was performed without knowledge of the glucose tolerance status. SC was defined as lens opacification preventing visualization of the eyeground or as surgical aphakia due to SC. To assess the independent effect of hyperglycemia, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1) was determined in 769 participants. In men, no association was found between SC, glucose intolerance, and HbA1. In women of all ages, glucose intolerance was associated with an SC risk ratio of 6.1 (95% confidence limits 3.3-11.1; P less than 0.001). Furthermore, SC was associated in women with increased HbA1 independently of the effect of glucose intolerance (P less than 0.01). These findings confirm the reported association of SC with diabetes (although unlike the Framingham and HANES population studies, the association was confined in women), indicate its presence at all degrees of glucose intolerance, and suggest a possible independent role of nonenzymatic glycosylation in its pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Senile cataract and glucose intolerance: the Israel Study of glucose Intolerance Obesity and Hypertension (The Israel GOH Study). 670 65

An account is given of asymptomatic diabetes mellitus. To determine the incidence in 200 patients with senile cataract 3 tests are described, namely, a modified standard glucose tolerance test, a provocative steroid glucose tolerance test, and a standard glucose tolerance test. Known diabetics and patients with a fasting blood glucose in excess of 5.5 mmol/l or glycosuria were excluded. Eighty-eight patients had an abnormal modified standard glucose tolerance test. Of these, 41 had an abnormal curve after a provocative steroid glucose tolerance test, and 30 had an abnormal curve after a standard glucose tolerance test. Forty-three of the 71 patients with abnormal curves had no glycosuria, although the blood glucose level exceeded an arbitrary renal threshold of 10 mmol/l. Asymptomatic diabetes was diagnosed in patients of all age groups. It is concluded that glucose intolerance is common in patients with senile cataract who show no glycosuria and have a normal fasting blood sugar on routine examination.
 ...
PMID:Glucose tolerance tests in 200 patients with senile cataract. 742 92

There are several hypothalamic theories of aging, none of which has been validated. An approach to validation is to search for consequences of anatomic ablations of hypothalamic regions that are functional hallmarks of aging, or consequences of ablation that postpone the appearance of hallmarks of aging or extend longevity. Ablation of the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN) in the weanling rat is associated with subsequent increased body fat, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, and decreased renal function. Each of these consequences is characteristic of aging in humans and in several animal models of aging. Ablation of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) in the weanling rat leads to a symmetrically smaller animal with normal glucose and lipid metabolism, decreased body fat for size, and reduced risk of decreased renal function and circulating IGF-I levels. These are findings consistent with calorie restriction models in rodents that significantly extend life span. This review compares outcomes of lesions in the VMN, DMN, and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) for relevance to aging. To establish a relationship between these anatomic areas of the hypothalamus and aging, it is concluded that the VMN, DMN, and LHA lesions should be examined for impact on longevity and compared with data obtained from simultaneously studied intact ad-lib-fed and 40% calorie-restricted animals. Lesioned animals also should be rigorously studied for neurotransmitters (e.g., neuropeptide Y, beta-endorphin, serotonin, corticotropin-releasing factor, and galanin), and for behavioral changes consistent with aging, for accumulation of specific tissue lipofuscin and amyloid that are associated with normal aging and for other age-dependent findings, such as incidence of tumors and cataract.
 ...
PMID:Aging and the hypothalamus: research perspectives. 870 Sep 56

FK506 (tacrolimus), a potent immunosuppressant, is used for inhibiting allograft rejection in the organ transplantation field. In a preclinical toxicity study in rats, FK506 induced various toxicities, including renal and pancreatic injuries. One of these toxic findings was cataract, and we have found that cataract appeared in rats dosed orally with FK506 for 13 weeks and more. Therefore, to better elucidate the onset mechanism of FK506-induced cataract, we measured biochemical parameters, such as sorbitol, Na,K-ATPase and glutathione in the lens of rats. Rats were dosed with FK506 in oral daily doses of 0.2, 1 or 5 mg/kg for 13 weeks, the lowest dose of which approximated the expected clinical dosage. Cataract developed in the 5-mg/kg/day group, with an incidence of 25%, whereas no cataract formation was observed in the 0.2- or 1-mg/kg/day groups. Five mg/kg/day led an increase of sorbitol and a decrease of reduced type glutathione, but did not affect Na,K-ATPase activity of the lens. FK506 is known to have diabetogenicity mediated through pancreatic injury, which appears as vacuolation of islet cell in rats. Five mg/kg/day of FK506 induced an elevation of blood glucose associated with glucose intolerance, and decrease of both basal insulin level and insulin content in the pancreas, and the changes were in parallel with the cataract development in the present study. On the other hand, diabetic parameters did not change in the 0.2- or 1-mg/kg/day groups. These observation suggest that diabetes developed in the rats dosed with 5 mg/kg/day of FK506. Coadministration of a novel aldose reductase inhibitor, Zenarestat, at an oral dose of 50 mg/kg/day resulted in a reduction of incidence of the FK506-induced cataract and a decrease of sorbitol levels in the lens when compared to that in the lens of rats dosed with 5 mg/kg/day of FK506. These results suggest that FK506-induced cataract in rats is due to an accumulation of sorbitol in the lens, secondary to the diabetogenic effect of FK506. FK506 treatment at the doses of 0.2 and 1 mg/kg/day neither affected parameters indicative of diabetes nor induced cataract in rats, suggesting that the cataract would not develop with FK506 if diabetic parameters were kept under control.
 ...
PMID:Cataract development induced by repeated oral dosing with FK506 (tacrolimus) in adult rats. 935 35


1 2 Next >>