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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-five patients were examined for ocular complaints following renal transplantation. Besides the expected complications of posterior subcapsular cataract and cytomegalovirus retinitis, other findings-such as focal depigmentation of the retinal pigment epithelium, a lack of hypertensive retinopathy, elevated intraocular tensions, microaneurysms, preretinal wrinkling, serous detachments of the retina, hemorrhages and exudates-were observed.A laboratory clue to the onset of cytomegalovirus retinitis was a rapid rise in cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody titer and a positive CMV plaque count in tissue culture.
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PMID:Ocular complications in renal transplant recipients. 16 34

The case with the longest survival time (30 months) after the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis in a group of 53 patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis (median survival time 8.4 months) is described. The patient developed cytomegalovirus retinitis in his left eye and received intravenous virustatic treatment for 29.5 months. Treatment was started with ganciclovir. After withdrawal from maintenance treatment, a relapse of cytomegalovirus retinitis occurred, which was again successfully treated with ganciclovir. A secondary cataract developed, and cataract extraction was performed. After 12.5 months on treatment with ganciclovir, a change to foscarnet was necessary because of neutropenia. Maintenance treatment with foscarnet was well tolerated for 17 months. The cytomegalovirus retinitis showed no signs of reactivation during this period. Vision in the right eye was preserved until death, and no sign of cytomegalovirus retinitis developed in the right eye. This case report demonstrates that an unusual long survival time is possible in a patient sequentially treated with ganciclovir and foscarnet.
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PMID:2.5 years survival with sequential ganciclovir/foscarnet treatment in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and cytomegalovirus retinitis. 133 12

Members of the herpesvirus family, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and herpes simplex virus (HSV), have been recognized as causal agents of chorioretinal inflammatory diseases. We investigated the use of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of CMV, HSV, and EBV genomes in aqueous, subretinal fluid, and vitreous specimens in patients with clinically diagnosed CMV retinitis. Cytomegalovirus but not HSV or EBV genomic sequences were detected in all of these clinical specimens. We also investigated 18 normal aqueous and eight normal vitreous specimens obtained from patients undergoing cataract or vitrectomy surgery. Cytomegalovirus, HSV, and EBV DNA were not detected in any of the normal aqueous specimens. There was one weakly positive CMV normal vitreous, but none was HSV or EBV positive by the polymerase chain reaction. These results indicate that the polymerase chain reaction may be useful as a rapid and sensitive diagnostic technique to aid in the confirmation of clinical observations.
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PMID:Detection of herpesvirus DNA in vitreous and aqueous specimens by the polymerase chain reaction. 184 43

To investigate the effects of normoglycaemia on diabetic retinopathy, we evaluated 18 uremic diabetic patients before and after successful pancreas kidney transplantation. In all, 12 uremic diabetic patients who submitted to kidney transplantation alone served as the control group; 4 of these subjects received a kidney transplantation alone, whereas 8 underwent a double kidney-pancreas transplantation but lost the pancreas graft within the first few weeks post-surgery. The mean age and the mean duration of both diabetes and dialysis were comparable in the two groups. All patients were studied prior to and at 6 and 9 months after surgery, then at annual intervals. Subjects were divided into three groups according to follow-up: less than 1 year, between 1 and 3 years and greater than 3 years. At each control visit, a complete clinical examination was performed by two independent examinators; retinal fluorescein angiography was carried out as well. The following parameters were evaluated: visual acuity, capillary closure, macular oedema, neovascularization at the disk and elsewhere and vitreous haemorrhage. A score ranging from -2 to +2 was assigned to each parameter for quantification of the variation between baseline values and those obtained at the end of the follow-up. This score was assigned by two different ophthalmologists. Eyes that were affected at baseline by end-stage diabetic retinopathy (secondary retinal detachment, neovascular glaucoma) were not entered in the study. A total of 18 eyes were lost to follow-up in the 2 groups because of laser treatment, cataract extraction, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy and cytomegalovirus retinitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetic retinopathy after successful kidney-pancreas allotransplantation: a survey of 18 patients. 191 16

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most frequent ocular infection in AIDS, and it is responsible for blindness. Intravitreal injections of ganciclovir in doses of 400 g have been tried in patients who could not tolerate any systemic treatment. Induction therapy consists of 2 injections per week, followed by maintenance therapy with 1 injection per week. The present study involved 17 patients. Twenty-three induction courses could be evaluated; all had a favourable response with an average of 6 injections per eye. Seventeen maintenance courses were evaluated, with a mean of 5 injections per eye. There was no relapse in 10 eyes (70 percent) at 48 days. There was no evidence of toxicity from repeated intravitreal injections: no cataract, retinal detachment or endophthalmitis was observed with a total of 231 injections. Intravitreal ganciclovir appears to be an effective local treatment of CMV retinitis in AIDS patients when systemic therapy cannot be used.
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PMID:[Cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS. Treatment with intravitreal injections of ganciclovir]. 217 Sep 67

This report describes a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia who developed cataracts on busulphan treatment. Following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, he developed cytomegalovirus retinitis, which was treated successfully with trisodium phosphonoformate (foscarnet). Cytomegalovirus retinitis and its therapy, and busulphan-induced cataract are discussed.
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PMID:Foscarnet as treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis following bone marrow transplantation. 284 92

Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated antibiotics and antiviral drugs were used in patients with acute toxoplasmosis retinochoroiditis, presumed propionibacterium acne endophthalmitis after cataract surgery, and presumed cytomegalovirus retinitis associated with AIDS. A single intravitreal dose was effective in the treatment of all the conditions. Intravitreal liposomes may prove to be an advantageous drug delivery system for the treatment of chronic intraocular inflammatory disorders.
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PMID:Intravitreal liposome-encapsulated drugs: a preliminary human report. 326 37

The high incidence of malignant neoplasms in renal transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients is well recognized. A large proportion of these neoplasms are skin cancers. The frequent occurrence of other ocular complications, such as cataract, elevated intraocular pressure, hypertensive retinopathy, cytomegalovirus retinitis, and herpetic keratitis in patients after kidney transplant, has also been described. This report presents the clinical and histopathologic features of eyelid involvement by keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma in two patients after renal transplantation and alerts ophthalmologists to the potential for this association.
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PMID:Eyelid tumors anmd renal transplantation. 700 53

Megestrol acetate, used for eight weeks as an appetite stimulant in a man infected with human immunodeficiency virus, was associated with the development of bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts. We propose that the glucocorticoid properties of megestrol were contributory. Complicating this association, the patient developed cytomegalovirus retinitis approximately six weeks after the cataracts were recognized.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1993 Jan
PMID:Posterior subcapsular cataracts associated with megestrol acetate therapy. 842 32

To ascertain the ophthalmic complications after heart transplantation, the authors reviewed 59 patients who had been referred to the ophthalmology department during a 4-year period and were subsequently followed for at least 1 year. Twenty-five patients (43%) were found to have lens changes in one or both eyes, which is typical of prolonged oral corticosteroid therapy. In three patients (5.2%) posterior subcapsular cataract formation progressed to a level where cataract surgery was required. In two patients (3.4%) cytomegalovirus retinitis developed within 6 months of the transplantation, and significant irreversible visual loss occurred. Retinal vascular changes were found in 22 patients (37.3%), including 18 patients with hypertensive retinopathy and one patient with background diabetic retinopathy. During the period of observation, a central retinal vein occlusion developed in one patient, an anterior ischemic optic neuropathy developed in one patient, and bilateral occipital lobe infarctions developed in one patient. Older patients and those with a longer survival time after transplantation were more likely to have ophthalmic complications (p = 0.04). Although these results indicate a low incidence of sight-threatening complications after heart transplantation, early referral of patients with visual symptoms is important. Those involved with the care of heart transplant patients should be aware of ocular complications secondary to immune suppression and underlying cardiovascular disease.
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PMID:Ophthalmic complications after heart transplantation. 847 98


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