Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The first one was a 13 months old lewish boy with typical features of the rhizometic type; clinicaly the patient demonstrated cataract, esotropia, nystagmus, malnutrition, micromelia, contracture, multiple stippled calcifications about the periphery of the cartilagenous structures of the vertebral bodies, sternum, wrists, knees, heels, ribs; and profound mental retardation, After cataract operation, the head of the optic nerve demonstrate to be narrower than usualy and white. Pathologic studies of the lens' fragments after surgery showed the cataract to be without any specific characters. The child now 2 yrs and 1/2 old is still alive but in poor condition. The second was a 16 months old Arabic boy without typical features but with a cataract and stippled calfications of a limited number of epiphysae. Pathologic studies of the lens after cataract surgery showed the cataracts to be without any specific characters, the optic nerves were normal. The child now 3 yrs old is normally developed and in good conditions. It is remarquable to note that in both cases there was an history of consanguinity (mother and father were first cousins).
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PMID:[Two cases of chondrodysplasia punctuate are reported]. 14 72

Patients treated successfully with retinal detachment surgery 11-39 years earlier were called back and examined. The average age was 35 years at the time of surgery and the average interval between the operation and this follow-up examination was 16 years. The visual acuity had decreased in many patients. The most frequent causes of this fall in visual acuity after surgery were cataract and macular degeneration. Chorioretinal atrophy with blackish pigment spots developed in the reattached retina a long time after surgery and caused defects in the visual fields. This atrophy seems to be related to the long duration of retinal detachment before and after operation, which may cause malnutrition of the detached retina and result in incomplete recovery of visual cells, leading to chorioretinal atrophy. Macular degeneration was caused or accelerated by detachment of the macula. There was no difference in postoperative ocular findings between only diathermy and combination of diathermy with segmental scleral-buckling procedures. However, Arruga's ring suture method induced cataract more frequently than did other surgical procedures.
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PMID:Long-term results of retinal detachment surgery. 74 23

Since many years experimental evidences have suggested an association between nutrition and lens opacities. A dietary deficiency of antioxidants and reactive oxygen scavengers may be involved in the pathogenesis of the "idiopathic" human senile cataract, as it has been demonstrated in some experimental cataracts. We tested the levels of ascorbic acid (vit. C), alpha-tocopherol (vit. E), reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the plasma or in the red blood cells (RBC) of 42 patients who were affected by surgically significant cataract and of 40 age-matched controls. Plasma vit. C mean level was 4.46 gamma/ml in cataracts and 4.62 gamma/ml in controls, while vit. E level was 7.70 and 7.09 gamma/ml respectively. RBC GSH was found to be 342 gamma/ml in cataracts and 346 in controls, while the MDA content was 4.06 picoMol/ml and 4.08 picoMol/ml respectively. The level of each tested nutrient or metabolite was not found to be statistically different between cataractous patients and controls, nor any significant trend was found to be present when the nutrients and metabolites were correlated to each other. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a nutritional deficiency in human senile cataracts. However, a defect in the antioxidative metabolism pathways could be present either systemically or at lens level.
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PMID:Cataract risk factors: blood level of antioxidative vitamins, reduced glutathione and malondialdehyde in cataractous patients. 136 41

Fluorometric studies of cataractous and non-cataractous human lenses were carried out to study the emission characteristics and the distribution and solubility of lenticular pigments. Most of the detected fluorophores were well distributed over the cortical and nuclear portion of the lens. The decrease in solubility of proteins with aging and cataract formation is concomitant with increasing photolysis of tryptophan. However, this is likely a phenomenon independent of the photochemical transformations of the lens proteins. The number of emitting species in the diseased lenses are higher than in the normal mature lenses. A species emitting around 375 or 388 nm is of particular interest (lambda cx 330 nm) in that the emission characteristics of this fluorophore resemble kynurenic acid which has a high photosensitizing efficiency. The concentration of fluorescent pigments in the lenses of Indian origin is significantly high. The intense pigmentation could be attributed largely to the formation of photoproducts in the absence of normal endogenous antioxidant accumulation that is dependent on nutrition standard. If, indeed, any of these fluorescent pigments, because of their photosensitizing ability, are responsible for lenticular opacity, it is not the abundance of sunlight alone but also malnutrition that could account for the high incidence of cataract in India.
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PMID:Studies on human lenses: II. Distribution and solubility of fluorescent pigments in cataractous and non-cataractous lenses of Indian origin. 152 89

On the basis of preoperative assessment of patient characteristics, intraoperative obtainment of a lens-capsule and epithelium specimen, histopathologic investigation of lens capsule and epithelium, and biochemical analysis of glutathione reductase in lens epithelium, age-related cataract was studied in 50 adult patients who underwent consecutive extracapsular cataract-posterior chamber lens implant surgery. Patients (25 men and 25 women; age range, 41 to 91 years; mean age, 75 years) had a wide range of systemic and ocular disease; 17 of 50 (34%) patients had a history of severe vision-impairing cataract in a first-degree relative. Anterior lens-capsule thickness ranged from 10 to 22 microns, with a mean of 17 microns. Statistical analysis of lens-epithelium ultrastructure in 41 of 50 specimens documented mixing of normal and abnormal cells, verified a gradation in the degree of abnormal ultrastructural features, and demonstrated a statistically significant decrease in epithelial cytologic activity with advancing age (P = .038). Biochemical analysis documented a severe glutathione reductase deficiency in nine of 39 (23%) lens-epithelium specimens, possibly reflecting a dietary deficiency of riboflavin.
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PMID:Lens capsule and epithelium in age-related cataract. 188 40

The occurrence of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis accompanying polyglandular autoimmune syndrome type I is reported in a female aged 13. Apart the candidiasis, since the age of 3, she had convulsions beginning at 6, cataract at 9, teeth abnormalities, and basal ganglia calcifications. Laboratory data confirmed the diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism. This picture was accompanied by intestinal malabsorption, leading to a state of progressive malnutrition, with intense hypoalbuminemia and anemia. Although the pathophysiology of malabsorption, in these cases, is still not clear, the therapeutic response to pancreatin, in the present case, suggested pancreatic insufficiency, reinforced by the normal d-xylose test and the small intestinal biopsy with inexpressive result.
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PMID:[Polyglandular autoimmune type I syndrome with hypoparathyroidism, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and intestinal malabsorption]. 213 67

Ocular damages of young rats undergoing protein malnutrition in selected stages of their growth have been valuated. Malnutrition was induced by a purified, hypoproteinic diet given to mothers or to newborns after their weaning. The histologic results pointed out that protein lack damages ocular structures different in embryonal origin: retina and lens. In fact, vacuolar degeneration of retinal optic fiber layer and cataract of lens were observed in experimental groups of rats. Only lens damage appeared completely reversible after a prolonged nutritional rehabilitation as for rats malnourished during fetal stage and lactation and then rehabilitated for 50 days. On the contrary retinal degeneration was still present in these animals even if some improvement could be observed.
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PMID:Retinal and lens damages observed in young rats undergoing protein malnutrition in selected stages of their growth. 250 46

To determine which conditions may be associated with reduced survival in patients with Alzheimer's disease, we studied all death certificates in the United States for 1978 on which senile and presenile dementia (ICDA 290, N = 7,195) was mentioned. Each case was compared with two control deaths. Differences in the frequency of listing on the death certificates for the following conditions reached statistical significance: infections, trauma, nutritional deficiency, chronic ulcer of skin, foreign body in pharynx, cataract, glaucoma, blindness, deafness, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. There seem to be many preventable and treatable disorders in patients with senile and presenile dementia.
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PMID:Conditions associated with Alzheimer's disease at death: case-control study. 394 92

Protein deficiency, a frequently encountered nutritional disorder of developing countries is known to affect the proliferative and synthetic activities of several cell systems. But neither all the organs are affected at the same time nor at the same rate. The lens, which is an unique organ has been shown to suffer in protein malnutrition but without any clinically discernible changes. Clinical evidence suggests, early onset of senile cataract in underdeveloped countries is possibly due to protein deficiency. In the present investigation, it has been shown that addition of small concentrations of galactose to the diet readily induces cataracts in protein-deficient rats. This therefore supports the contention that protein deficiency alone may not produce morphological changes but exogenous or endogenous cataractogenic insults, may produce lenticular opacification in the protein-deficient state.
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PMID:Interaction of galactose and dietary protein deficiency on rat lens. 406 72

Current demands for ophthalmic treatment services in Africa far outstrip available resources, especially in terms of ophthalmic surgeons. With a few exceptions, the gross national product per capita in African countries is less than US $500. Even in those petroleum economies where the figure is considerably higher, the wealth is grossly inequitably distributed. In a continent whose population is expected to double within 20 years, this means that the ratio of trained health worker to population is expected to become much greater rapidly. The money needed to expand the corps of specially trained health workers at a rate matching the expected population growth rate is non-existent. About 1% of the African population is blind. The three major causes are cataract, trachoma and glaucoma. These involve specific age groups of the population. Cataract, which causes roughly 40% of all blindness, mostly affects the over-60s. This group comprises 5% of the population. Glaucoma occurs mostly over the age of 40, i.e. in about 20% of the population. The trachoma 'reservoir', from which chronic re-infections arise, is the under-15 group, an alarming 42% of the population. The prevalence of trachoma is inversely related to access to safe water, a commodity generally available to less than half of the people in Africa, and especially limited in rural areas. Finally, nutritional blindness and its associated high-mortality protein energy malnutrition (PEM) affects the under-five segment, about 18% of the population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Ocular needs in Africa: increasing priorities and shrinking resources. 664 85


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