Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was conducted of 308 eyes with pathologic myopia obtained from 202 patients (23 surgical eyes; 285 post mortem eyes) over a 67-year period. Histopathologic findings and percentage of eyes affected, in decreasing order of frequency, were myopic configuration of the optic nerve head, 37.7%; posterior staphyloma, 35.4%; degenerative changes of the vitreous, 35.1%; cobblestone degeneration, 14.3%; myopic degeneration of the retina, 11.4%; retinal detachment, 11.4%; retinal pits, holes, or tears, 8.1%; subretinal neovascularization, 5.2%; lattice degeneration, 4.9%; Fuchs spot, 3.2%; and lacquer cracks, 0.6%. The reasons for enucleation in the surgically obtained eyes included, in decreasing order of frequency: degeneration after retinal detachment; secondary glaucoma; endophthalmitis; postsurgical epithelial ingrowth; expulsive hemorrhage; degeneration after cataract extraction; and presumed intraocular tumor. Clinicopathologic correlations are discussed.
Retina 1992
PMID:Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia. 143 43

The risk associated with silicone oil removal after complex vitreoretinal surgery is unclear. Therefore, a cohort of 87 consecutive cases of silicone oil removal were analyzed. Eyes with attached retina before silicone oil removal with a follow-up of at least 5 months were included into the study. Forty-eight eyes had severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy; 39 eyes had complex proliferative vitreoretinopathy or giant retinal tears after trauma. Additional clinical features included the presence of a secondary cataract or secondary glaucoma in some eyes. The rate of postoperative complications was different in the two groups: 75% of proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients remained attached; of proliferative vitreoretinopathy patients, only 48.5% remained stable. Whereas success was independent of the duration of intraocular silicone oil tamponade in proliferative diabetic retinopathy, removal of silicone oil was more successful in cases of proliferative vitreoretinopathy in which there was a longer period of silicone oil tamponade. Complications occurring usually were severe and led to a loss of visual acuity. The removal of silicone oil from eyes with secondary glaucoma resulted in an improvement in 68% of patients. The rate of vitreoretinal complications after silicone oil removal, even in cases with a clinically stable-appearing retina, is rather high. Silicone oil removal therefore has to be considered a procedure posing new and ill-defined risks, especially if the indications for the use of silicone oil as an internal tamponade are rather strict. Exact criteria for the timing and safe removal of silicone oil in these complex vitreoretinal disorders still need to be defined.
Retina 1992
PMID:Problems and timing in the removal of silicone oil. 145 76

The authors describe five eyes in four patients with diffuse choroidal hemangiomas associated with progressive serous nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment that were treated with low dose external beam ocular irradiation (1,250 to 2,000 cGy in multiple fractions). The subretinal fluid reabsorbed completely within 3 to 12 months of treatment in every case and there has been no reaccumulation in any case to date (median follow-up 14 months). Two of the patients have developed a focal posterior subcapsular radiation cataract in the treated eye (at 19 months and 66 months, respectively, after irradiation), but none of the patients has thus far developed radiation retinopathy. The authors discuss the potential benefits and risks of this form of treatment for choroidal hemangiomas with bullous retinal detachment.
Retina 1991
PMID:Low dose ocular irradiation for diffuse choroidal hemangiomas associated with bullous nonrhegmatogenous retinal detachment. 181 54

To clarify the risk factors of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) in aphakia, the clinical features of 25 aphakic eyes with PVR were statistically analyzed and compared with a control group of 157 aphakic eyes with non-PVR rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The statistically significant (P less than 0.05) factors that predisposed patients to PVR in aphakia were as follows: a history of vitreous loss on cataract surgery, retinal detachment developing within 3 months after cataract extraction, duration of retinal detachment longer than 3 months, break larger than three disc diameters, and choroidal detachment. Vitreous loss is believed to play the most important role in the development of PVR in aphakia.
Retina 1991
PMID:Comparative study of clinical factors that predispose patients to proliferative vitreoretinopathy in aphakia. 192 83

An alternative treatment to repeat vitrectomy in postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage (PDVH) is outpatient fluid-air exchange, but the long-term visual results of this procedure are not known. Between January 1986 and April 1989, a pars plana air-pump technique was used to perform outpatient fluid-air exchange in 20 eyes of 17 patients (17 phakic eyes) within 8 weeks of onset of PDVH. A mean follow-up interval of 78 weeks was obtained. Preoperative vitreous hemorrhage was severe enough to obscure all fundus detail (17 eyes) or produce erythroclastic glaucoma (three eyes). Initial visual acuity was hand motions or light perception in 19 eyes and improved to a median visual acuity of 20/300 soon after resolution of the intraocular air bubble. Early complications included postoperative fibrin formation (one eye) and early postoperative intraocular pressure elevation (two eyes). Recurrent vitreous hemorrhage required repeated fluid-air exchanges in seven eyes. Long-term complications included worsening of posterior subcapsular cataract (10 of 17 phakic eyes, 59%), for which cataract extraction was required in five eyes (29%). Fluid-air exchange appeared to exacerbate cataract formation, justifying a period of observation for PDVH. However, it appeared to be a low-risk alternative to repeat vitrectomy, allowing rapid visual recovery from severe PDVH.
Retina 1991
PMID:Outpatient fluid-air exchange for severe postvitrectomy diabetic vitreous hemorrhage. Long-term results and complications. 196 89

The authors report a patient who was observed to have a localized retinal detachment with combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion after cataract surgery performed with retrobulbar anesthesia. The authors propose that this condition resulted from injection of the anesthetic mixture into the optic nerve. No acute neurologic symptoms occurred, but visual loss was severe and permanent. This case adds to the previously reported spectrum of complications from retrobulbar anesthesia.
Retina 1990
PMID:Localized retinal detachment with combined central retinal artery and vein occlusion after retrobulbar anesthesia. 208 44

Foreign bodies embedded in the retina and choroid such that they cannot be extracted by a magnet and require vitreous surgical techniques for removal comprise a distinct sub-type of retained intraocular foreign body (IOFB). A retrospective evaluation of 16 such intraretinal foreign bodies (IRFBs), suggests that these injuries are frequently accompanied by extensive ocular damage, including corneal perforation, disruption of the lens, significant vitreous hemorrhage, retinal and choroidal hemorrhage and retinal detachment, all of which require immediate surgical attention. Delayed cataract and retinal detachment are often observed in these cases. More than 60% of this series developed macular pucker after IRFB removal. Visual outcomes were discouraging, with seven patients (44%) retaining only 20/200 or worse visual acuity. This review suggests that the structural and visual outcomes of such eyes are uncertain, are the products of complex processes involving numerous technical elements other than sophisticated surgery and prompt removal of the foreign body.
Retina 1990
PMID:Intraretinal foreign bodies. Management and observations. 219 82

We report the successful treatment of three cases of traumatic ruptures of the globe complicated by massive choroidal hemorrhage, uveal prolapse and retinal detachment. All three of the eyes were aphakic prior to injury and all patients were age 64 or older. The presenting visual acuity in all patients was light perception. The blunt injury in each case caused a wound dehiscence at the site of previous cataract extraction. All injuries were associated with uveal prolapse. Secondary surgical intervention was performed when the hemorrhagic choroidal detachments had decreased as demonstrated by echography in the suprachoroidal space, occurring at an average of 14 days after injury. The management consisted of surgical drainage of the choroidal hemorrhage combined with vitrectomy and silicone oil injection. Successful reattachment of the retina was achieved in all cases. Postoperative epiretinal membranes formed in two cases but all were anatomically successful at six months. Final visual acuities varied from 20/70 to 1/200, visual acuity being a function of secondary contusive damage to the retina and choroid. We believe that in eyes sustaining severe blunt injuries resulting in rupture of the globe complicated by massive choroidal hemorrhage and retinal detachment, properly timed external drainage of the choroidal hemorrhage combined with pars plana vitrectomy and silicone oil injection is a useful approach.
Retina 1990
PMID:Management of traumatic rupture of the globe in aphakic patients. 219 84

A 75-year-old man had undergone bilateral intracapsular cataract extraction and then a scleral buckling procedure for an aphakic retinal detachment in the right eye. He presented 15 years later with a dark brown mass in the superior fornix of his right eye. On the basis of the clinical findings, the diagnosis of a conjunctival melanoma was considered. The lesion was surgically excised and found to be a chronic hematic cyst that arose adjacent to a episcleral sponge placed at the time of retinal detachment surgery. Hematic cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis of pigmented conjunctival lesions.
Retina 1990
PMID:Postsurgical hematic cyst simulating a conjunctival melanoma. 234 95

Mussel adhesive protein (MAP) is a new tissue adhesive derived from the sea mussel Mytilus edulis. Rabbit eyes were injected intravitreally with 1 mg of MAP or balanced salt solution in order to determine the intraocular effects of this new biologic tissue adhesive. Two concentrations of MAP were used: one was undiluted and the other was diluted to a concentration of 1:10. A marked cellular inflammatory response, compared with the control eyes, was seen clinically in the vitreous cavity of animals in which MAP was used undiluted. This response persisted for up to two weeks and was suggestive of inflammatory response to a foreign protein. When MAP was used at a dilution of 1:10, a mild transient cellular reaction was observed in the vitreous; this cleared after seven days. There was no increase in intraocular pressure, and none of the eyes developed cataract or optic nerve damage. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated no vascular leakage and electroretinography was normal in all of the eyes at two weeks. Histopathologic evaluation of the eyes at 7 and 14 days after injection revealed localized cellular inflammation in the vitreous and adjacent retina when MAP was used undiluted, but no reaction in the control eyes or in eyes injected with MAP at 1:10 dilution. This preliminary study suggests that MAP produces a marked intraocular inflammatory reaction when used at full concentration. By diluting the adhesive, a less severe inflammatory response was observed, which cleared with no complications.
Retina 1990
PMID:Intravitreal biocompatibility of mussel adhesive protein. A preliminary study. 240 56


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