Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-five patients received topical ofloxacin 0.3% before routine cataract surgery. Ofloxacin was administered one drop every 2 h for five doses 1 day before surgery and one drop every 5 min for five doses immediately before surgery. Aqueous sampling was performed at variable periods 30-150 min after the last topical dose. The mean aqueous ofloxacin concentration was 793 +/- 516 ng/ml (range, 143-2,400 ng/ml). A significant correlation between time from last dose and aqueous humor concentration was found (r = 0.39, p = 0.025). The mean ofloxacin concentration was greater in those patients who received their last dose >1 h before aqueous aspiration (957 +/- 559 ng/ml versus 554 +/- 338 ng/ml, p = 0.02). From a best-fit scatter plot of concentration versus time, the maximal aqueous concentration of 1,000 ng/ml occurs at approximately 2h after topical administration.
Cornea 1996 Jan
PMID:The kinetics of anterior chamber ofloxacin penetration. 890 84

Cataract surgery is known to induce refractive and corneal astigmatism, but little is known regarding the specific corneal topographic alterations produced by this surgery. We evaluated the corneal topographic effects of extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) performed with an 8- to 11-mm posterior limbal incision closed with interrupted sutures and subsequent selective suture removal. Corneal topography was analyzed in 15 eyes with the TMS-1 videokeratoscope preoperatively, before selective suture removal 4-6 weeks after surgery, 2-5 weeks after selective removal of sutures, and at 5 1/2-8 months after surgery. The Surface Regularity Index was significantly increased before suture removal and after suture removal but returned to normal at the final examination. The Irregular Astigmatism Index remained significantly increased at all examinations after surgery. Corneal asymmetry (Surface Asymmetry Index) continued to be significantly increased compared with the preoperative examination after suture removal and at 6 months after surgery. The standard deviation of powers (SDP) was significantly elevated before and immediately after suture removal, but was not significantly different at 6 months. Mean corneal astigmatism remained significantly increased (0.80 +/- 0.11 preoperatively, 1.39 +/- 0.24 at maximum follow-up, p = 0.04). Significant changes in corneal topography occurred in each patient between suture removal and final examinations. A few patients developed against-the-rule astigmatism ranging from 0.6 to 2.2 diopters. ECCE significantly altered corneal tomography compared with the preoperative contour in all patients. In those patients in whom surgically induced nonspherical and noncylindrical distortions occur (radially asymmetrical power distribution, lack of central corneal smoothness), corneal topography may provide information that is useful for management.
Cornea 1996 Mar
PMID:Prospective study of corneal topographic changes produced by extracapsular cataract surgery. 892 69

Corneal and conjunctival permeability has been investigated for novel aldose reductase inhibitors (ARIs) of the N{[4-(benzoylamino)phenyl]sulphonyl}glycine (benzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycine) and N-benzoyl-N-phenylglycine (benzoylphenylglycine) series, compounds developed for prevention of cataract formation in diabetic subjects. Six benzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycines were synthesized with modifications either of the phenyl group or of the glycine structure and three benzoylphenylglycines were synthesized with modification in the phenyl group of the benzoyl moiety. Transport of ARIs in the mucosal to serosal direction was evaluated across rabbit cornea and conjunctiva bathed in glutathione-bicarbonate Ringer's solution maintained at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. The permeability coefficients of the novel ARIs across cornea and conjunctiva ranged from 1.87 to 8.95 x 10(-6) cm s(-1) and from 4.6 to 19.15 x 10(-6) cm s(-1), respectively. The ratio of corneal to conjunctival permeability ranged from 0.12 to 0.79. The calculated log partition coefficient (log P) values for the ARIs were in the range 0.84 to 2.78. The log distribution coefficients (log D) were in the range -2.87 to -0.89. There was no apparent relationship between log P or log D and the permeability coefficients of the ARIs for either tissue. Cornea was more resistant to ARI transport than was conjunctiva. Substitution of a phenyl group for hydrogen in the glycine methylene group reduced the permeability coefficient. Permeability coefficients were different for different stereoisomers. Compared with the permeability coefficient of benzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycine, that of 4-fluorobenzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycine was lower in the cornea but similar in the conjunctiva. In both tissues, the permeability coefficient of 2-nitrobenzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycine was less than that of 4-nitrobenzoylaminophenylsulphonylglycine. There was no significant difference between the permeability coefficients of 3-nitro- and 4-nitrobenzoylphenylglycines through either tissue and the permeability coefficients of these compounds were greater than that of the more lipophilic 4-methylbenzoylphenylglycine. The lack of dependence of the permeability coefficients on log P or log D and the different permeabilities of stereoisomers imply the existence of specialized transport processes for the ARIs tested in this study.
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PMID:Rabbit corneal and conjunctival permeability of the novel aldose reductase inhibitors: N-[[4-(benzoylamino)phenyl] sulphonyl]glycines and N-benzoyl-N-phenylglycines. 1050 31

Purpose: An evaluation of the clinical aspects of patients with primary cornea guttata and the morphology of their corneal endothelial cells.Methods: Twenty-three patients who visited Kanazawa Medical University Hospital or related hospitals in Ishikawa or Fukui prefectures and were diagnosed as having primary cornea guttata by slit lamp microscopy and contact specular microscopy underwent an analysis of corneal endothelial cells as well as their clinical status.Results: In 23 cases, the number of men and young people under 30 years of age was low, with 4 and 2 cases respectively. There was no visual impairment due to cornea guttata. In the specular microscopic findings, the size and density of dark areas varied according to each case and there was asymmetry in some cases. The parameters of the endothelial cells, comprising mean cell area, hexagonality, and the coefficient of variation, were almost within normal limits except for one eye of a 79-year-old man who was speculated to be at an early stage of Fuch's endothelial corneal dystrophy. Three cases had received cataract surgery, but showed no statistical changes in endothelial morphology before or after the surgery.Conclusion: Cornea guttata is thought to be a disease which is not uncommon in Japanese people and which does not bring about visual impairment or abnormalities in corneal endothelial cell parameters except for a small number of patients. Such cases with remarkably decreased cell densities should be considered to be at an early stage of Fuch's dystrophy.
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PMID:Twenty-three Cases of Primary Cornea Guttata. 1103 49

To investigate the incidence, culture results, treatment, and visual outcomes of infectious keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) worldwide, the Cornea Clinical Committee of the American Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgery (ASCRS) contacted 8600 United States and international ASCRS members by e-mail and asked them to respond to a questionnaire about post-LASIK infectious keratitis. One hundred sixteen infections were reported by 56 LASIK surgeons who had performed an estimated 338 550 procedures. Seventy-six cases presented in the first week after surgery, 7 during the second week, 17 between the second and fourth weeks, and 16 after 1 month. Forty-seven cases were not diagnosed on initial presentation. The most common organisms cultured were atypical mycobacteria and staphylococci. Empiric therapy is not recommended as most of the organisms are opportunistic and not responsive to conventional therapy. Flap elevation and culturing should be performed when post-LASIK infectious keratitis is suspected.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 Oct
PMID:Infectious keratitis after laser in situ keratomileusis: results of an ASCRS survey. 1460 25

A 73-year-old-woman presented following neodymium:YAG capsulotomy for posterior capsular opacification with acute glaucoma. Previous cataract surgery had left her with a subluxated lens. Cornea edema obscured detail of the anterior chamber, but the edge of the lens could be seen clearly within the pupillary space. This produced a diagnostic dilemma because no obvious cause for pupil block could be seen. She failed to respond to medical therapy and had a laser iridotomy, following which her symptoms resolved. We believe this case demonstrates the importance of a laser iridotomy to exclude pupil block glaucoma when adequate visualization of the pupillary space is obscured.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2005 Jul
PMID:Pupil block glaucoma after neodymium:YAG capsulotomy in a patient with a partially subluxated posterior chamber intraocular lens. 1610 24

Ocular surface disorders wherein corneal stem cells are deficient result in total conjunctivalization leading to severe visual dysfunction and blindness. Treatment of these diseases requires reconstruction of the ocular surface using epithelial transplantation to provide a smooth refractive corneal surface and biologic and physical barriers against a variety of destructive factors. Recently, regenerative medicine focusing on tissue-engineered techniques has been developed and established as a new clinical field. In particular, cultivated mucosal epithelial transplantation using well-differentiated, stratified epithelial sheets on amniotic membrane allows a rapid re-epithelial cover over the entire corneal surface, resulting in early reduction of inflammation and cicatrization. This surgical approach dramatically improves the prognosis of severe ocular surface diseases, especially severely inflamed corneal stem cell deficiency. This new approach not only provides early epithelialization but also allows reconstruction of the corneal surface using autologous cultivated epithelium including the cornea and oral mucosa from a small number of cell sources after amplification. Tissue-engineered strategies using autologous corneal or oral mucosal epithelial sheet transplantation avoid the risk of rejection and complications associated with immunosuppressive treatments. In addition to new cellular transplantation, combined automated lamellar therapeutic keratoplasty provides better refractive stromal interference and contributes to performance and safety of cataract surgery in severe corneal opacity cases. Although long-term prognosis and cell biologic behavior of tissue-engineered epithelium after transplantation should be carefully monitored, these recent surgical treatments have opened a new field for ocular surface reconstruction.
Cornea 2005 Nov
PMID:Current concepts and challenges in ocular surface reconstruction using cultivated mucosal epithelial transplantation. 1622 21

Glutathione and the related enzymes belong to the defence system protecting the eye against chemical and oxidative stress. This review focuses on GSH and two key enzymes, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in lens, cornea, and retina. Lens contains a high concentration of reduced glutathione, which maintains the thiol groups in the reduced form. These contribute to lens complete transparency as well as to the transparent and refractive properties of the mammalian cornea, which are essential for proper image formation on the retina. In cornea, gluthatione also plays an important role in maintaining normal hydration level, and in protecting cellular membrane integrity. In retina, glutathione is distributed in the different types of retinal cells. Intracellular enzyme, glutathione reductase, involved in reducing the oxidized glutathione has been found at highest activity in human and primate lenses, as compared to other species. Besides the enzymes directly involved in maintaining the normal redox status of the cell, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase which catalyzes the first reaction of the pentose phosphate pathway, plays a key role in protection of the eye against reactive oxygen species. Cornea has a high activity of the pentose phosphate pathway and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity. Glycation, the non-enzymic reaction between a free amino group in proteins and a reducing sugar, slowly inactivates gluthathione-related and other enzymes. In addition, glutathione can be also glycated. The presence of glutathione, and of the related enzymes has been also reported in other parts of the eye, such as ciliary body and trabecular meshwork, suggesting that the same enzyme systems are present in all tissues of the eye to generate NADPH and to maintain gluthatione in the reduced form. Changes of glutathione and related enzymes activity in lens, cornea, retina and other eye tissues, occur with ageing, cataract, diabetes, irradiation and administration of some drugs.
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PMID:Glutathione-related enzymes and the eye. 1642 Oct 14

Cornea surgeons have observed that changes in cornea curvature can follow cataract surgery and cause astigmatism. The placement of surgical incisions has been shown to influence these curvature changes. Though empirical data has been collected about this phenomenon, a biomechanical model has not been employed in predicting post-surgical outcomes. This work implemented an incised finite element model of the eye to investigate factors influencing corneal shape after surgery. In particular, the effects of eye muscle forces and intra-ocular pressure were simulated. Cornea shape change was computed via finite element analysis, and the resulting change in cornea curvature was measured by fitting quadratic curves to the horizontal and vertical meridians of the cornea. Results suggest that these two sources of deforming force counteract each other and contribute to astigmatism in perpendicular directions.
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PMID:Finite element model of cornea deformation. 1668 8

Ultraviolet (UV)-induced cataracts are becoming a major environmental health concern because of the possible decrease in the stratospheric ozone layer. Experiments were designed to isolate gene(s) affected by UV irradiation in rabbit cornea tissues using fluorescent differential display-reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (FDDRT-PCR). The epithelial cells were grown in standard medium for 2 or 4 hours post treatment. Cornea epithelial cells were irradiated with UVB for 20 minutes. RNA was extracted and amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction using poly A+ specific anchoring primers and random arbitrary primers. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed several differentially expressed genes in untreated versus UV irradiated cells. Complimentary DNA (cDNA) fragments resulting from fluorescent differentially expressed mRNAs were eluted from the gel and re-amplified. The re-amplified PCR products were cloned directly into the PCR-TRAP cloning system. These data showed that FDDRT-PCR is a useful technique to elucidate UV-regulated gene expressions. Future experiments will involve sequence analysis of cloned inserts. The identification of these genes through sequence analysis could lead to a better understanding of cataract formation via DNA damage and mechanisms of prevention.
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PMID:Analysis of gene regulation in rabbit corneal epithelial cells induced by ultraviolet radiation. 1670 1


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