Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

has been described in humans and many animal species. Traumatic rupture of the lens capsule may result in vision-threatening intraocular inflammation that is poorly responsive to medical management. Phthisis bulbi, persistent uveitis or glaucoma often occurs in these eyes. Surgical removal of the lens material is generally indicated shortly after the injury in an effort to preserve vision. Leaking of lens proteins through an intact lens capsule may result in a lympho-plasmacytic anterior uveitis. This is most commonly associated with the presence of a hypermature cataract. The presence of lens-induced uveitis prior to cataract surgery significantly reduces the success rate of cataract surgery. Small amounts of circulating lens proteins maintain a normal T-cell tolerance for lens proteins. Lens-induced uveitis develops when a breakdown occurs of this normal T-cell tolerance. Immune complexes play an important role in the tissue damage associated with the ensuing inflammation. Other factors associated with the tissue damage include hydroxyl radicals, nitroxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide and arachidonic acid metabolites. Treatment consists of topical and systemic anti-inflammatory medications, mydriatic agents, and glaucoma medications when indicated. Experimental pharmacological agents include dual cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase inhibitors, interleukin-1 blockers, antioxidants and hydroxyl radical scavengers.
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PMID:Lens-induced uveitis. 1139 8

OBJECTIVE: To document the presenting ocular signs and the clinical course of Golden Retriever dogs with a progressive anterior uveitis, often associated with the histologic presence of iridociliary cysts. Animals studied Seventy-five Golden Retriever dogs (142 affected eyes) referred to a private practice referral ophthalmology clinic between 1994 and 1999. Procedures Complete ophthalmic evaluation with slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, applanation tonometry, and gonioscopy. Hematology, serum biochemical evaluations, and serologic titers for endemic infectious agents were also used in selected cases. RESULTS: The age range of affected dogs was 4.5-14.5 years, with a mean age of 8.6 +/- 2.1 years. The majority of the dogs (n = 66) were affected in both eyes at first presentation. The sex distribution included 4 intact males, 32 neutered males, and 39 spayed females. Hematology, serum biochemical evaluations, and serologic titers for endemic infectious agents failed to demonstrate any underlying disorder. The ophthalmic hallmark of this syndrome was the appearance of pigment on the anterior lens capsule, often in a radial orientation. This capsular pigment was seen both with and without associated uveal cysts. Although single to multiple iridociliary cysts were noted clinically in only 13.3% of the cases, cysts were common on histopathology of advanced glaucomatous, blind eyes. Fibrin was observed in the anterior chamber of 37% of the cases, and often was a precursor for glaucoma. Cataract formation (37%) and glaucoma (46%) were frequent sequelae to the uveitis. Posterior synechiae formation occurred in 50% of the cases. Histopathologic analysis of four enucleated eyes and the eviscerated specimens from 14 glaucomatous eyes demonstrated thin-walled iridociliary epithelial cysts in 3/4 and 12/14 cases, respectively. Microscopically, little to no uveal inflammatory infiltration was commonly noted. Conclusion The overall prognosis for this progressive uveitis in Golden Retriever dogs is guarded, with 46% of the eyes becoming blind due to glaucoma. Iridociliary cysts in Golden Retriever dogs may lead to the development of glaucoma in this breed.
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PMID:Golden Retriever uveitis: 75 cases (1994-1999). 1139 10

The aim of the study is to research the immunoglobulins' concentration into the tears liquid and into the blood serum at the patients with acute affections of the anterior ocular pole. The study was accomplished on two groups of patients: one group with herpetic Keratitis, the other with anterior uveitis, the second having a different etiology--that the viral one. Another group of patients with senile cataract was used like witness-group. The immunoglobulins concentration were detected into the serum and into the tears by the Mancini method of the radial immunodiffusion. The results indicate a general immunodefficiency signed by the decrease of IgG and IgM into the serum on the one hand, and the increase of local defense mechanisms reflected on the growing of IgA and IgG level into the tears, on the other hand.
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PMID:[Tears' immunology in acute eye diseases]. 1151 40

Anterior uveitis describes inflammation that involves the iris or ciliary body. Anterior uveitis may be part of a systemic illness such as a spondyloarthropathy. It may also arise from an infection such as herpes simplex; be part of an ocular syndrome, such as Fuchs' heterochromic iridocyclitis; be part of trauma, as in cataract surgery; or result from an idiopathic eye disease with a presumed immune pathogenesis. During 2001, progress has been made understanding uveitis in general, as well as specifically, in association with spondyloarthropathy. Here, we review recent insights into anterior uveitis with regard to clinical presentation, immune mechanisms, genetics, and anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.
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PMID:Anterior uveitis: current concepts of pathogenesis and interactions with the spondyloarthropathies. 1211 64

Anterior uveitis and secondary glaucoma resulting from intraocular ointment has not been reported. The advent of small-incision surgery has likely reduced the incidence of this complication to low levels. We report a case of anterior uveitis after small-incision cataract surgery due to an intraocular ointment base. The course of this rare case is described and the literature reviewed.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 May
PMID:Intraocular ointment after small-incision cataract surgery causing chronic uveitis and secondary glaucoma. 1503 Aug 5

We report the case of a 52-year-old man with AIDS and CMV bilateral retinitis, treated first with ganciclovir (cymevan) and then with cidofovir. During the treatment, the patient complained of a sharp decrease in visual acuity. Cycloplegics and topical corticosteroids were given. Then cidofovir was stopped and replaced with intravenous Foscavir because of the clinical inefficacy. The anterior uveitis resolved but the ciliary secretion has not stopped after 12 months of follow-up. The patient presented +11 hypermetropia with a choroidal edema and bilateral cataract. This case is interesting for its permanent hypotony and bilateral uveitis. A literature search has brought out a rate of only 3% of chronic hypotony. We hypothesize bilateral iatrogenic ciliary body necrosis, as described in the animal models.
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PMID:[Bilateral uveitis with definitive hypotony caused by systemic cidofovir]. 1313 Feb 59

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of chronic anterior uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis and its association with the presence of antinuclear antibodies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 72 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. All of them were submitted to slit-lamp examination of the anterior chamber at diagnosis. Both antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor were determined. Patients with positive results for antinuclear antibodies were evaluated every three months and those with negative results were assessed every six months. RESULTS: Forty patients were male (55.5%) and 36 were Caucasoid (50%). The mean age at the onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 6.4 years (range = 1 to 14 years) and the mean age at the beginning of the study was 10.4 years (1 to 19 years). According to the type of disease at onset, 32 were pauciarticular (44.4%) (17 boys and 15 girls), 30 were polyarticular (41.6%) (17 boys and 13 girls) and 10 were systemic (14%) (6 boys and 4 girls). We observed chronic anterior uveitis in five patients (6.5%) (mean age = 11.4 years). Among them, four (80%) had pauciarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis at disease onset (three girls with type I juvenile idiopathic arthritis and positive antinuclear antibodies and one boy with type I juvenile idiopathic arthritis and negative antinuclear antibodies) and one girl with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (negative antinuclear antibodies and rheumatoid factor). In this group, the mean age at the onset of juvenile idiopathic arthritis was 5.1 years and the mean age of uveitis onset was 9 years. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 3/5 patients (60%) with uveitis. Antinuclear antibodies were positive in 12% of the patients without uveitis (n = 67). Among the patients with uveitis, three had only one flare and the other two had four flares with cataract. The frequency of antinuclear antibodies was statistically higher in the patients with uveitis (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the incidence of uveitis in our study was lower than that reported in the literature, the frequency of uveitis was higher in females, in those with pauciarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and in patients with positive antinuclear antibodies.
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PMID:[Uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis] 1464 14

A 72-year-old man with long-standing bilateral glaucoma became refractory to levobunolol ophthalmic solution therapy after many years. Brimonidine was prescribed, but the patient developed a hypersensitivity several months later that was treated with loteprednol ophthalmic suspension. Bimatoprost was initiated 2 weeks later. Within an hour of the first dose of bimatoprost, the patient reported eye pain and photophobia that remained unresolved the following day. Examination revealed acute bilateral nongranulomatous anterior uveitis that was effectively treated with loteprednol. While observations in human and animal models suggest an association between certain prostaglandin-like agents and intraocular inflammation, this report is one of the first to suggest a link between bimatoprost and intraocular inflammatory reaction.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2003 Nov
PMID:Bilateral nongranulomatous anterior uveitis associated with bimatoprost. 1467 Apr 42

Four months following uncomplicated cataract extraction, a patient underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Three days later, she presented with pain, hand motions vision, and severe anterior uveitis and vitritis. A coincident retinal detachment led to a delay in diagnosing the etiology of this intraocular inflammation. After recurrent episodes of inflammation that were initially responsive to corticosteroids, the patient underwent a vitrectomy, lens explantation, capsulectomy, and intravitreal antibiotic injections, which resulted in complete resolution of the intraocular inflammation with a best-corrected visual acuity of 20/60. Corynebacterium species was ultimately cultured from the capsular tissue. The release of sequestered bacterial organisms must be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent or unusually intense inflammation following laser posterior capsulotomy.
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PMID:Late-onset Corynebacterium endophthalmitis following laser posterior capsulotomy. 1508 29

Between 1992-1996 were treated ten cases with sympathetic ophthalmia, representing 0.16% from all hospitalized patients, in Ophthalmological Clinic from Craiova. The disease appeared after corneo-scleral penetrating wounds with membranes hernia at four cases; three from them was complications after cataract surgery and required long treatments; other two patients had glaucoma with closed angle in irreversible stages; another one presented herpetic cornea perforated ulceration with uveitis. Since ocular trauma until appearance of sympathetic ophthalmia, the time was two months at eight cases and two years at two cases. Under clinical aspect seven cases evolved like an anterior uveitis, two cases like a panuveitis and one like a uveopapillitis. Pathologic exam on the removed eye was not specific for sympathetic ophthalmia and only the clinical examination established the diagnosis. Under corticotherapy and immunomodulator therapy, sympathetic ophthalmia evolves this days benign. The disease should not be underestimated. It is not a disappeared disease..
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PMID:[Sympathetic ophthalmia, one missing disease?]. 1532 43


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