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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a comprehensive study of the problem of congenital rubella in Moscow and other cities of the USSR are presented. The highest rubella incidence was found among children 1-7 years of age; but 20-25 rubella cases were also recorded annually per 100 000 adults. Specific antihaemagglutinins were found in 36-70% of children and in 91-99% of adults. Investigation of the rubella foci revealed clinical rubella, confirmed by laboratory methods, in children and adults who had low initial titres of specific antihaemagglutinins. Serological screening of 1661 apparently healthy pregnant women detected antihaemagglutinins in 98.4%; however, low (1:8-1:16) titres were found in 53.3% and high (postinfection) titres and specific IgM in only 8.8% of cases.A study of 523 pregnant women who had been in contact with a source of infection revealed clinical rubella in 10.9% and inapparent infection in 0.7% of cases. A virological study of fetuses from infected pregnant women showed that there was intrauterine viral infection in 73% of cases; 38% of rubella-infected fetuses had congenital defects (unilateral or bilateral cataract, absence of one cerebral hemisphere, adhesion of the upper and lower eyelid, or diffuse damage of the crystalline lens); in one woman rubella virus was isolated from the fetuses and abortion materials received from two abortions with an interval of 6 months. Serological investigation of 519 mothers who had given birth to children with congenital defects showed that there were more frequent indications of rubella infection in the mothers of the children with CNS and cardiovascular defects, as well as in the children with congenital cardiovascular and CNS defects, than in the control groups. These data confirmed the teratogenic nature of rubella strains found in the USSR. This study indicates the need to improve rubella surveillance in pregnant women and to consider the prophylaxis of congenital rubella in the USSR. (See also Addendum.)
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PMID:Congenital rubella in the USSR. 31 56

A study on the eyes of 39 embryos, which were removed from women who had contracted clinical or subclinical rubella during the first and beginning of the second trimester of gestation is presented. A virological and histological study was performed on the eyes. In four cases rubella virus was isolated from the eye tissues (10.3%) and in nine cases, histological evidence of rubella cataract was found (27.3%). These results suggest that the rubella infection, even in cases of subclinical infections in pregnant women in the first trimester, are highly dangerous (in our study--37.6%) to the eye of the fetus, and, therefore, early diagnosis is necessary in order to avoid the risk of the consequences of congenital rubella infections in the newborn.
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PMID:Rate and various aspects of eye infection resulting from congenital rubella. 43 27

In a follow-up study of patients suffering from congenital cataract, particular attention was paid to the electroretinogram. Besides hereditary lens opacifications and rubella embryopathy, galactosaemia and spontaneous idiopathic hypoglycemia occurring in children and infants were examined. The question, how much biochemical factors can influence the ERG, is becoming more important.
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PMID:[Retinographic alterations in different forms of congenital cataracta (author's transl)]. 69 44

After a short review of the operative techniques applied for the extraction of congenital cataract the authors describe the method of irrigation-aspiration of the lens material by means of the Dardenne equipment. Following an analysis of the results obtained with this procedure in a number of patients operated on at the Eye Clinic at Athens University, they discuss the advantages and shortcomings of the method, insisting in particular on: the importance of a complete removal of the lens debris; the careful scraping of the posterior lens capsule, and the necessity of an intensive postoperative anti-inflammatory therapy, especially in cases of congenital cataract due to rubella.
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PMID:On the management of congenital cataract with Dardenne's equipment. 75 Sep 53

Four embryos from women infected by rubella virus early in pregnancy were investigated histologically. In three of the patients the serological tests were positive; in the fourth the diagnosis of rubella was based solely on the clinical picture. Three of the four embryos showed unilateral severe microphthalmia and primary congenital aphakia. In addition to this defect the right eye of one of the embryos showed a central liquefaction of the lens (cataract). Damage to the internal ear in the form of discontinuities in the epithelium of the cochlear duct were also observed (in two of the three embryos; in the fourth both internal ears were absent in the curettage material). In three of the four hearts there were cells in the myocardium with a markedly eosinophilic cytoplasm.
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PMID:Primary congenital aphakia and the rubella syndrome. 80 86

Eighteen patients who, years earlier, had undergone operations for congenital cataracts were discovered to have high intraocular pressures. Several had profound glaucomatous loss of vision. All had deep anterior chambers with flat iris planes and wide open angles. The uveal meshwork was unusually coarse and pigmented in some cases. Nystagmus, aftercataracts, and small pupils made visual field testing and observation of optic discs difficult. Most cases were bilateral, which suggested a hereditary origin; some had a family history of glaucoma. In none did we observe signs of congenital glaucoma or rubella syndrome. The incidence of this disease is not yet known, but it is common enough in our clinic to indicate lifetime surveillance for glaucoma in all patients who undergo congenital cataract surgery.
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PMID:Open-angle glaucoma following surgery for congenital cataracts. 92 76

The clinically known sensitive period of rubella cataract was studied in vitro by infecting 79 human eye rudiments from embryos aged 4-10 wk with rubella virus. The course of the infection was followed by histological and indirect immunofluorescence methods. Of the rudiments, 12 pairs were in the lens placode or open-lens-vesicle stage, 40 already had closed lens vesicles and in another 27 closed-stage pairs an incision was made in the lens capsule before infection to allow the virus to enter the lens. Uninfected controls differentiated well in vitro for 4-6 wk. The eye rudiments infected in the open-lens-vesicle stage showed lens fiber destruction and viral antigens within the lens. No damage or viral antigens were detected in rudiments infected in the closed stage unless the lens capsule was incisedmwhen this was done, however, fiber damage ensued and viral antigens appeared. The lens capsule was concluded to form a protective barrier around the sensirive fibers at the time of closure of the lens vesicle, confirming the earlier hypothesis and clinical findings.
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PMID:Rubella cataract in vitro: Sensitive period of the developing human lens. 109 95

Among the TORCH agents, the occurrence of rubella and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in Japan were studied. Rubella epidemics occurred throughout Japan from 1964 to 1969 and from 1975 to 1979. Low prevalences of CRS were observed in northeastern Japan, and high prevalences in southwestern Japan, with the highest in Okinawa. These conditions could be explained by the lower rate of rubella H1 antibody in the female population of southwestern Japan. Time of maternal rubella was in the gestational age interval from 26 to 57 days for cataract, from 25 to 62 days for heart disease and from 16 to 131 days for deafness. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. Main route of transmission of this virus is mother-to-child transmission, through breast milk. Among the 311 mother-child pairs in Okinawa, 65 mothers (20.9%) and 10 children (3.2%) were seropositive for HTLV-1. Ten (15.4%) of the 65 seropositive mothers had seropositive children. These children had acquired their HTLV-1 antibodies by the age of 3 years. A significant difference existed between the prevalence rate of HTLV-1 antibodies in mothers and children.
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PMID:Perinatal viral infections. 139 25

Juvenile (including congenital and infantile) cataract occurs commonly as part of a more generalized or systematic condition, or as a component of a syndrome. Isolated juvenile cataract is a relatively rare disorder and the mode of inheritance is often autosomal dominant. Autosomal recessive transmission of isolated juvenile cataract is rare. The present paper is a report of 15 cases of juvenile cataract on the Aland Islands (Finland) with about 23,000 inhabitants. Twelve belong to 7 sibships of two different pedigrees and 3 cases are sporadic, of which we have found no genealogical connections in the last 6-10 generations to the two cataracta pedigrees. One of the sporadic cases presented an operated cleft palate and a chromosomal anomaly. In another sporadic case the mother probably had been infected with rubella during early gestation. In the third sporadic case the cataract was combined with partial aniridia, but he has several genealogical connections to one of the cataract pedigrees. Consanguinity between the parents was detected in 5 of the 7 sibships, in some even on various ancestral levels. Apart from the cataracts, all patients were healthy, with normal intellect, behavior, hearing, growth and development. They were neurologically intact and there were no ocular lesions apart from cataract. In the Alandic familial cases the cataracts appear to be an autosomal recessive trait. A family branch originating from southwestern Sweden and south Norway showed transmission of the cataract in three successive generations. The possibility of quasi-dominant inheritance is discussed against the background that autosomal recessive juvenile cataract may not be so rare as the small number of recorded cases would suggest.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Juvenile cataract with autosomal recessive inheritance. A study from the Aland Islands, Finland. 155 71

Forty-five children with congenital cataract cases were studied for patterns and compared with age sex matched controls. The patients showed marked differences in different dermatoglyphic traits. The intra uterine aetiological groups i.e. rubella, hereditary and undetected aetiology, showed variations in mainline terminations. Rubella group showed increased angle atd.
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PMID:Dermatoglyphic profile in congenital cataracts. 222 96


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