Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a 4-year period 22 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in children and young adults up to 20 years of age were operated on. This group comprised 6.3 percent of all rhegmatogenous retinal detachments operated on during the same period. In 9 eyes (40.9%) the detachment was due to a direct ocular trauma. In the remaining cases the main etiological factors were: myopia with or without lattice degeneration (5 eyes), retinopathy of prematurity (2 eyes), hereditary vitreoretinal degeneration (1 eye), uveal coloboma (2 eyes), aphakia after congenital cataract (1 eye), sex-linked juvenile retinoschisis (1 eye), and central retinal vein occlusion (1 eye), Conventional surgical procedures using episcleral or intrascleral implants or an encircling band combined with cryotherapy were used. After a follow-up of 7 months to 3.3 years (mean 1.5 years) the retina was flat in 18 cases (82%) and still detached in those with uveal coloboma (2 eyes), hereditary vitreoretinal degeneration (1 eye), and central retinal vein occlusion (1 eye). All traumatic detachments were flat.
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PMID:[Retinal detachment in children and adolescents]. 654 70

A 23-year-old woman, blinded at an early age due to retinopathy of prematurity and cataract was successfully operated. After the operation the patient was behaviourally blind. Visual rehabilitation was started 9 months later and lasted 1 1/2 years. During this time the visual behaviour of the patient improved. Quantitative tests were designed to depict the progress. The functional improvement of the patient is in agreement with the findings of animal studies; binocular deprivation during the critical period of development causes behavioural blindness, which is partially recoverable. The result of this study indicates that the visual rehabilitation facilitates the process of recovery. The progress in visual behaviour is likely to reflect an improvement of the function of the associative systems of the brain.
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PMID:Visual rehabilitation after long lasting early blindness. 668 15

In ten cases of retrolental fibroplasia no significant relationship could be found between the stage of the disease and the neonatological values. The treatment given - laser coagulation, subconjunctival cortisone injections (glaucoma, complicated cataract) and pars plana vitrectomy - triggered different reactions in the eyes. Laser coagulation interrupted the process but fresh proliferation occurred; pars plana vitrectomies were followed by rapid efflorescences of the proliferations: Only in two of eight cases in stage V was vision permitting orientation achieved, with strikingly good close-range vision in one case. The considerable efforts involved and the mental strain on parents, patients and physicians are discussed in the light of the low rate of surgical success. A positive result can only be achieved if certain prophylactic rules are observed.
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PMID:[Retrolental fibroplasia (author's transl)]. 689 52

Eight eyes exhibited massive proliferation of lens epithelial remnants following Nd-YAG posterior capsulotomy. All eyes had pre-existing retinal pathology. Six had undergone vitrectomy (four for proliferative diabetic retinopathy) before extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. The other two eyes had familial exudative vitreoretinopathy or retinopathy of prematurity, respectively. Five eyes required removal of the lens proliferations via a pars plana approach. High levels of growth factors in the posterior segment associated with proliferative disorders of the retina may play a role in lens cell proliferation.
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PMID:Massive proliferation of lens epithelial remnants after Nd-YAG laser capsulotomy. 748 90

More and more authors point out the existence of the retinal folds at the prematures with retrolental fibroplasia. This form is considered to be achieved. The survey has been done during 3 years on 27 children, divided in 2 groups: the former was the group of the prematures with retinal fold present in retrolental fibroplasia, and the later was the group of children with congenital retinal fold, but born at time. Clinically, the difference between the two types of folds is not so obvious, but from the morphoscopical aspect they differ. The therapy of the diagnosed children was the usual one done in complications: strabismus, cataract, retinal detachment. The conclusions is that, besides the malformative retinal fold of the child born at time, another similar lesion provoked by the prematurity and abusive oxygenation is possible.
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PMID:[The retinal fold in premature infants]. 776 80

Thirty-eight cases of congenital visual impairment (CVI) were reported in the Inuit population of Greenland over a period of 40 years (1950-1989), corresponding to a frequency of 86 per 100,000 live born children. The two most common causes of blindness were optic atrophy and cerebral visual impairment due to brain disorders of various etiologies. This finding is in accordance with recently published data from the Nordic countries. On the other hand, retinopathy of prematurity and congenital cataract were rare causes of CVI in Greenland. Fifteen out of the 38 cases had unknown etiology. Genetic disorders accounted for 7/38 of the cases. A separate examination of registered cases with probable genetic visual impairment, irrespective of birth year, disclosed 25 patients. New mutations seemed to be the most reasonable explanation for isolated cases of aniridia, lens ectopia, and Down syndrome, while inbreeding was a possible contributory factor in a few autosomal recessive conditions.
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PMID:Congenital and hereditary visual impairment in Greenland. 801 21

Using WHO definitions of visual loss and a standardised methodology, 256 children were examined in schools for the blind in Thailand (1 school) and the Philippines (3 schools). 244 (95%) were blind (BL) or severely visually impaired (SVI). Causes of SVI and blindness were classified anatomically and aetiologically, and avoidable causes identified. Causes of visual loss in Khon Kaen, Thailand (n = 65) and Manila, Philippines, (n = 113) were similar, with conditions of the whole globe accounting for 27.7 and 27.4% of SVI/BL; retinal disease 29.2 and 23.0%; cataract 16.9 and 16.8%; corneal disease 12.3 and 13.4%; and optic nerve disease and glaucoma 6.2 and 8.8%. Perinatal factors accounted for 20.0 and 23.0% of SVI/BL; hereditary disease 13.8 and 17.7%; and 12.3 and 15.0% was due to events occurring during childhood. The underlying aetiology could not be determined in 50.8 and 41.6% of cases, respectively. In the two schools together twenty six children (15%) were blind from retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and 16 (9%) from corneal scarring attributed to Vitamin A deficiency. 103 of 178 (58%) children had avoidable causes of visual loss. In the Filipino towns of Baguio and Davao (n = 66), the causes of visual loss were different from those in Khon Kaen and Manila, with 54.8 and 42.9% of SVI/BL being due to corneal disease, and only 3.2 and 8.5% to retinal disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Causes of blindness in children attending four schools for the blind in Thailand and the Philippines. A comparison between urban and rural blind school populations. 811 71

Using World Health Organization definitions of visual loss and a standardised methodology, 905 children were examined in Chile, West Africa and South India. Of these 806 (89%) suffered from blindness (BL) or severe visual impairment (SVI). Causes of SVI and BL were classified anatomically and aetiologically, and avoidable causes identified. In W. Africa (n = 284) the major anatomical cause of SVI/BL was corneal scar/phthisis bulbi (35.9%). Retinal disease accounted for 20.4%, cataract 15.5% and glaucoma 13.0%. Aetiologically 33.8% of SVI/BL was due to childhood factors and 21.1% to hereditary disease. In S. India (n = 305) the major anatomical cause of SVI/BL was corneal scar/phthisis bulbi (38.4%). Retinal disease accounted for 22.6%, cataract 7.4% and glaucoma 3%. Aetiologically 37.0% of SVI/BL was due to childhood factors and 29.8% to hereditary disease. In Chile (n = 217) the major anatomical cause of SVI/BL was retinal disease (47.0%). Cataract accounted for 9.2%, glaucoma 8.3% and 6.9% was due to corneal pathology. Aetiologically 30.4% of SVI/BL was due to hereditary factors, and 20.8% to perinatal factors of which four-fifths (16.6%) was due to retinopathy of prematurity. Avoidable conditions accounted for 70%, 47% and 54% of cases in W. Africa, S. India and Chile respectively.
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PMID:Causes of childhood blindness: results from west Africa, south India and Chile. 832 14

As soon as visual impairment is suspected in a newborn or an infant by an ophthalmologist or pediatrician, it becomes important to document retinal function. Electroretinography (ERG) in general anesthesia as an outpatient procedure allows to assess the functional state of the retina. In addition, we make use of the anesthesia for ophthalmoscopopy, photography, slit lamp examination and occasionally tonometry. Within the first 10 min of dark adaptation we can electroretinographically distinguish between rod- and cone-mediated b-waves. Anesthesia is performed with Ketamine, occasionally supplemented with Halothane and additional oxygen under noninvasive monitoring of the oxygen saturation. The expenditure of a pediatric check-up and general anesthesia is in our view justified in the light of the opportunity to assess or to exclude a degenerative retinal disease early on. In Leber's congenital amaurosis, a disorder accounting for about 3.5% of blindness in infants, the ERG result is essential, particularly when ophthalmoscopic changes are missing. The prevailing diagnoses in our cases include, in decreasing frequency, congenital cataract, ROP, tapetoretinal degenerations, pediatric-neurologic syndromes, and microphthalmus.
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PMID:[Diagnostic electroretinography in the young child]. 837 5

The contemporary literature has widely described the role of free oxygen radicals and their antioxidants in pathogenesis of some eye diseases, mainly cataract, age-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity and cystic macular oedema. This paper presents publications which stress the importance of antioxidants use in prophylaxis of cataract and age-related macular degeneration. Positive antioxidants role was proved both in experimental research and in clinical observations.
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PMID:[Antioxidants for prophylaxis of eye diseases]. 902 74


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