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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.01 seconds)

A further case of the cerebro-oculo-facio skeletal syndrome is described. The child, the first of healthy parents with no significant family history, died on the 4th day of life because of renal failure and respiratory difficulties. The dysmorphic features were microcephaly, microphthalmia, high nasal bridge, lax skin with a prominent skin fold extending below the eyes, large upper lip, fixed flexion deformities of the limbs, short fingers with campodactyly, talus valgus and longitudinal plantar groove. At autopsy there was renal agenesis, a hypoplastic bladder, bilateral cataract with atrophy of the iris and retina. The relationship between Potter's syndrome and other oculo renal syndromes are discussed. The diagnosis is important because this syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive.
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PMID:[The cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome]. 49 30

The quality of care rendered in ambulatory ophthalmic surgical centers is subject to the standards outlined in the Health Care Financing Administration's "Outpatient Surgery Generic Quality Screen Guidelines." Ophthalmic Surgery accounts for 28.2% of all ambulatory surgery performed in the United States. Diabetes, respiratory disorders, renal failure, and hypertension are a few of the clinical problems that are handled in a nontraditional fashion in ophthalmic surgery facilities throughout the United States with excellent results and low incidence of complications. Trends in the clinical management of patients in ophthalmic surgical centers are described by data obtained in a survey conducted by the anesthesia and surgical staff of the Parris-Castoro Cataract and Laser Center in Bel Air, MD. The survey addressed the current trends in obtaining history and physicals, electrocardiograms, chest radiographs, and laboratory studies before outpatient ophthalmic surgery.
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PMID:Ambulatory ophthalmic surgery and the Health Care Financing Administration's Outpatient Surgery Generic Quality Screen Guidelines. 147 82

The results of renal transplantation in 37 children, 3 through 16 years of age, who received transplants prior to June, 1970 in our center, were examined. Twenty-three received kidneys from living-related donors and 14 received kidneys from cadaver donors. Patient survival rates were 78% at 10 years and 68% at 20 to 26 years. Graft survival rates were 56% at 10 years, 31% at 20 years, and 23% at 22 to 26 years. Twenty children received on or more retransplants. At follow-up, 23 (62%) of the patients had functioning grafts and two (5%) were undergoing dialysis. Cataracts, hypertension, and aseptic necrosis of bone were the most common medical complications and most of the patients were more than two standard deviations below average height. Most enjoyed good rehabilitation, however: more than 70% were employed or performing full time housework, more than 50% were married, 24% had children, and all had normal activity at least part of the time. These results, achieved with immunosuppressive methods now considered obsolete, indicate that renal transplantation is a satisfactory long-term treatment for children with renal failure.
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PMID:Long-term results of renal transplantation in children. 174 26

A personal series of 6780 patients with diabetes mellitus is reported. Of these 1410 were thought to have insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes and 4926 non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes. Among the former, 128 patients were only diagnosed when in severe ketoacidosis or coma. In 116 patients the diabetes was diagnosed in pregnancy. Chronic alcoholism was an aetiological factor in 75 patients; in 52 it led to the diagnosis being made, and it complicated treatment in 129 additional patients. In the patients with Type 2 diabetes whose treatment was stabilized 23.5% were having insulin injections, 44.5% tablets, and 32.0% diet only. Sight-threatening retinopathy developed in 21.3% of patients with Type 1 and 7.9% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The rate of developing sight-threatening retinopathy was 1.1% of patients per year. Blindness occurred in 0.28% of patients with Type 1 diabetes per year and 0.097% per year in Type 2 diabetes. If the mean survival of patients with retinopathy going blind is 7.5 years, this would mean 7500 people in the UK blind from diabetic retinopathy. There was a striking drop in the annual incidence of blindness after 1970 coinciding with the introduction of specific treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Juvenile cataract developed in 1.7% of patients who developed Type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age. Clinically important diabetic neuropathy developed in 17.4% of patients with Type 1 and 11.6% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The main features were paraesthesiae and numbness (49%), neuropathic ulceration (37%), pain (5%), autonomic symptoms (5%), and amyotrophy (4%). Oculomotor palsies and mononeuropathies were noted. Foot ulceration occurred in 81 patients with Type 1 and 279 of those with Type 2 diabetes. Charcot changes in the feet were noted in 21 patients. Major amputations were needed in 18 patients with Type 1 and 60 with Type 2 diabetes. Proteinuria believed to be due to diabetic nephropathy developed in 12.8% of patients with Type 1 and 4.7% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of early renal failure was 4.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Coronary artery disease was noted in 9% of patients with Type 1 diabetes, and was more common in those who developed diabetes after 20 years of age. Myocardial infarction was as common in women as in men. In Type 2 diabetes coronary artery disease gave rise to symptoms in 19.1%, and myocardial infarction was more common in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Diabetes in the United Kingdom: a personal series. 182 47

A case of chronic interstitial renal disease is reported. Onset was manifested at the age of three by polyuria and polydipsia. The child was hospitalized at the age of eleven for renal failure and tapetoretinal degenerescence with cataract were found. The simultaneous occurrence of interstitial renal disease and tapetoretinal degenerescence is well-known. However, this case where cataract was also present illustrates the fact that tapetoretinal degenerescence is not the only ocular abnormality found in this interstitial nephropathies.
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PMID:[Interstitial nephropathy, tapeto-retinal degeneration and cataract. Apropos of a new case]. 202 21

We report clinical features and course of Lowe's syndrome with regard to three cases. All of them are males and clear inherited transmission was demonstrated in patients 2 and 3 and was suggested in patient 1. Age at the moment of diagnosis oscillated between 7 and 18 years. The three cases showed weight and height percentiles under p 3. Congenital bilateral cataract and search nystagmus were found in all of them. Profound mental retardation, muscular hypotonicity and diminished or absent tendon reflexes constituted distinctive findings in the neurological area. Among renal manifestations stood out proteinuria, generalized hyperaminoaciduria and tubular renal acidosis, they carried from rickets and growth failure. Cases 1 and 2 has characteristic facies. Patient 1 died after series of recurrent bronchial and pulmonary infections: death happened during Fanconi's syndrome evolution. Cases 2 and 3 are in a stabilized period, with a longer life expectation, although they suffer from residual moderate renal failure.
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PMID:[Oculocerebrorenal sydrome of Lowe. Apropos of three cases]. 236

One possible route to cataract formation may be via the carbamoylation of lens proteins due to increased concentrations of cyanate in the body resulting from uraemia associated with renal failure and with severe diarrhoea. Carbamoylation of gamma-II-crystallin, which is found in the lens core, could alter the surface charge network of the molecules, resulting in aggregation, increased light-scattering and hence cataract. We have attempted to locate the site(s) of carbamoylation in gamma-II-crystallin. gamma-II-Crystallin was isolated by gel chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. gamma-II-Crystallin was then carbamoylated by incubation with potassium [14C]cyanate, followed by citraconylation and digestion with trypsin to give peptides that were separated by high-resolution ion-exchange chromatography. The amino acid compositions of the radioactive peptides were compared with the expected peptide composition for gamma-II-crystallin. The radioactive peptide compositions, which agreed with the theoretical peptides, all matched with the N-terminal region of gamma-II-crystallin and had in common the presence of the N-terminal glycine residue. It appears that the alpha-amino group of the N-terminal glycine was the main site of carbamoylation. This site forms part of the charge network on the surface of gamma-II-crystallin.
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PMID:Site of carbamoylation of bovine gamma-II-crystallin by potassium [14C]cyanate. 259 Jan 75

The results of a case-control study of 300 cataract patients and 609 controls indicate that long-term use of aspirin-like analgesics halves the risk of cataract. Myopia and the use of nifedipine were found to carry a significant risk of cataract, and renal failure appeared to carry a high risk, though few patients were affected. The results also confirm diabetes, glaucoma, and use of steroids as risk factors for cataract.
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PMID:Do aspirin-like analgesics protect against cataract? A case-control study. 287 77

A 7-year-old boy presented with a history of postprandial vomiting, failure to thrive, hematuria, proteinuria and decreased renal function. Electron microscopy of a renal biopsy specimen demonstrated the typical glomerular basement membrane changes associated with Alport's syndrome. Audiometry revealed a moderate bilateral high-tone sensorineural hearing loss. Bilateral anterior lenticonus and a unilateral cataract were also diagnosed. Achalasia diagnosed radiologically and confirmed by biopsy was corrected by surgery. Evaluations of the parents and three siblings were negative. The patient subsequently developed end-stage renal failure. This case report and a review of the literature suggest that achalasia may be part of Alport's syndrome in some patients.
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PMID:Alport's syndrome and achalasia. 315 32

Cataract is the major cause of blindness worldwide. It is a greater problem in third world countries than in the West and several attempts have been made to explain the excess in these countries. This paper provides an overview of the literature especially on studies designed to identify risk factors for cataract. There is an association between poverty and cataract and, more specifically, between cataract and a history of severe diarrhoea-dehydration. Recent results from a case-control-led study of cataract in Oxford are also presented with the quantitation of risks associated with a number of factors including diarrhoea, renal failure and diabetes. In this study an apparently protective effect of aspirin, paracetamol and similar drugs was observed. This protective effect applies to the risk associated with diabetes.
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PMID:Epidemiology and risk factors for cataract. 332 1


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