Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The senescence accelerated mouse (SAM) has recently been characterized as a unique model to investigate age-related disorders, including amyloidosis, cataract, osteoporosis and dementia. However, little is known as to the properties of the lung in these animals. Tobacco smoke is also associated with enhanced loss of elastic recoil and the development of emphysema. We have attempted to examine morphological as well as biochemical changes of the distal lung in SAM-P/2, as the senescence-prone series and SAM-R/1, as the senescence-resistant series. The animals were intermittently exposed to tobacco smoke or air by Hamburg II machines for 5 weeks. Then both groups of animals were killed for histologic and biochemical study. Compared with SAM-R/1, SAM-P/2, even with air exposure, showed a higher value of the mean linear intercept without alveolar wall destruction. It became even greater due to tobacco exposure with emphysematous change. Tobacco exposure accumulated inflammatory cells into alveoli in SAM-P/2, but not in SAM-R/1. Oxygen radical generation by those cells was also higher in SAM-P/2. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in SAM-P/2 after tobacco exposure disclosed increases in albumin content, total protein content and elastase-like activity. There were decreases in the ratio of elastase inhibitory capacity (EIC) to trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC), contents of glutathione and total free thiol groups. Moreover, SAM-P/2 showed significantly lower EIC/TIC ratio in serum, even with air exposure, than that of SAM-R/1. These results indicate that SAM-P/2 can be a good model for the study of natural evolution of the aging lung as well as its susceptibility to tobacco smoke in the development of emphysema.
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PMID:A new murine model of aging lung: the senescence accelerated mouse (SAM)-P. 179 64

The study investigated the Taiwanese elderly in two different ethnic groups (Paiwan and Min-Nan) regarding their multifunctional status. The purpose was to make known and compare the subjective and objective health status of these two groups. The results for the objective measurements indicated that an elderly Paiwanese had 2.74 kinds of diseases on average. The most prevalent diseases among the Paiwan elderly were arthritis (rheumatism), circulation troubles in arms or legs, high blood pressure, stomach or intestinal disorders or gall bladder problems, cataract, heart trouble, emphysema (chronic bronchitis), skin disorder (leg ulcers or severe burns), asthma, and digestive system ulcers. Of all disease, five (arthritis, circulation trouble, emphysema, skin disorder, and tuberculosis) were statistically more prevalent among the Paiwan elderly than among the Min-Nan elderly. In terms of health scoring, the two groups were comparable except in the following two aspects: (1) more Paiwan elderly were unable to take medicine by themselves, and (2) the Paiwan elderly had lower cognitive ability ratings. In the subjective arena, the Paiwan elderly had a lower score in self-rating health status. Condensed, the health status of the Paiwan was worse than that of the Min-Nan elderly both in objective and subjective measurements.
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PMID:[A comparison on health status between Paiwan and Min-Nan elderly]. 808 76

Previously by selection and inbreeding of Wistar rats susceptible or resistant to the cataractogenic effect of galactose the S and R rat strains differing in the intensity of hexose transport into the animal cells were developed. High level of OH-radical generation and enhanced lipid peroxidation are revealed in the liver and myocardium of the S rats in contrast to the R rats. Data are obtained supporting the view that enhanced generation of OH-radicals within the S rat tissues is due to oxidation and autooxidation of the abundant amounts of monosacharides intensely accumulating in the rat cells. In spite of continuous inbreeding for more than 40 generations and a high rate of homozygosity, numerous DNA rearrangements are revealed in the S rat genomes. Fragility of the S rat cell membranes is detected. Cataracts and other lens lesions, emphysema, tumors, cardiomyopathy-like changes in the myocardium, scoliosis, brain disfunctions are characteristic of the S rats, as well as low fertility and short life-span indicative of premature aging.
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PMID:Inherited enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation and lipid peroxidation in the S strain rats results in DNA rearrangements, degenerative diseases, and premature aging. 813 16

The present work reports on a 20-year longitudinal study in Budapest. Eight-hundred-sixty-four subjects who considered themselves healthy, took part in the clinical examination that included women age 55 years and older, and men of 60 years older at the start of the study. The data of the 3080 clinical check-ups have been processed and analyzed. Diseases of the circulatory system occurred most frequently. Ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and pulmonary emphysema showed a definite age-dependency. Cataract, fundus sclerosis, decline of visual acuity, as well as hyperplasia of prostate also proved to be age-dependent. The occurrence of osteoporosis and spondylarthrosis increased significantly with age. In the mentioned diseases, correlations were found between the frequency and the number of follow-up years. In relation to our study, we can state that the importance of the risk factors decrease with aging. The pathological effects of the risk factors occur in earlier in life and the truly endangered persons would not grow old.
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PMID:Twenty-year longitudinal study on aged people in Budapest. 833 9

Aspartic acid racemization (AAR) represents one of the major types of non-enzymatic covalent modification that leads to an age-dependent accumulation of abnormal protein in numerous human tissues. In vivo racemization is an autonomic process during the "natural" ageing of proteins, and correlates with the age of long-lived proteins. Consequently AAR can be used as molecular indicator of protein ageing as well as for the identification of permanent proteins that age with the human organism. Although long-living, structural proteins are mainly affected, AAR may be significant on a time scale also relevant to enzymes and signaling proteins. It may result in a loss of protein function due to proteolysis or due to changes in the molecular structure. In vivo racemization may also increase in pathological conditions. AAR has already been discussed as a relevant pathophysiological factor in the pathogenesis of diseases of old age such as atherosclerosis, lung emphysema, presbyopia, cataract, degenerative diseases of cartilage and cerebral age-related dysfunctions. Although the details of the biological consequences of AAR have to be further elucidated, it is evident that AAR plays a role in the molecular biology of ageing.
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PMID:Racemization of aspartic acid in human proteins. 1203 48

We present a 76-year-old patient who had ocular trauma with dehiscence of the wound and scleral rupture with a prolapsed iris, ciliary body, intraocular lens, and vitreous after uneventful cataract surgery with a self-sealing sclerocorneal tunnel incision. General anesthesia was not possible because the patient had a history of lung cancer with extensive emphysema and unstable coronary disease. Local retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia was not considered because of the risk for further extrusion of intraocular contents. Topical anesthesia was applied with a 10.0 mm x 2.5 mm cellulose sponge soaked in oxybuprocaine 0.4% (Novesine) placed under the upper and lower lid for 20 minutes. Surgical repair of a 14.0 mm scleral wound was achieved without complication or pain during the procedure.
J Cataract Refract Surg 2004 Mar
PMID:Repair of a ruptured globe using topical anesthesia. 1505 Feb 77

We report the case of a spontaneous posterior tracheal wall rupture following a cough. A 67-year-old woman with a history of longstanding treatment with corticosteroids (8 years) for Giant Cell Arteritis had general anesthesia for cataract removal. Surgery and anesthesia were uneventful. In the recovery room, the patient coughed and soon after developed subcutaneous emphysema of the neck. Chest radiography confirmed the clinical diagnosis of marked subcutaneous emphysema and showed huge pneumomediastinum and minor right pneumothorax. A thoracic CT scan revealed a large laceration of the posterior tracheal wall (a 4 cm longitudinal tear), extending from the middle of the trachea to the level of the carina. Surgical repair consisted in closure of the dilaceration using an autologous pericardial patch. It seems reasonable to suspect the facilitating role of connective tissue fragility due to chronic corticosteroid administration in the development of this tracheal rupture following cough. Tracheal rupture is a potentially lethal injury, which can be repaired successfully if the diagnosis is made early. Risk factors, diagnosis and principles of treatment of this lesion are discussed.
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PMID:Spontaneous tracheal rupture: a case report. 1515 80

During the past 15 years, our aging colony of rhesus monkeys, consisting of animals from 20 to 37 years of age, had an annual average population of 88.2 live monkeys and, of this population, an annual average of 13.9 monkeys died spontaneously or were terminated due to severe illness. From 1980 to 1994, a total of 175 autopsies of rhesus macaques, from 20 to 37 years of age, were performed. By cumulative autopsy data, the incidence of age-related pathology in various organs was surveyed. Major geriatric diseases such as coronary sclerosis, emphysema, degenerative joint disorders, cancer, and cerebral amyloid plaque began to develop in 10 to 40% of macaques after 20 years and the incidence significantly increased after 26 years of age. Approximately 12% of aged macaques from 20 to 30 years of age died annually due to such geriatric diseases with severe complications. The average survival rate indicated that half the population at 20 years of age died by 25 years and 73% died by 30 years of age. Less than 10% of macaques survived over 30 years. Using these aged macaques as well as other juvenile to adult monkeys in our Center, clinical opththalmological and reproductive endocrinological studies, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain were conducted to define bioaging markers of captive rhesus monkeys. Cataracts began to develop in 20% of rhesus monkeys at 20 to 22 years of age and the rate significantly increased after 26 years of age. Menopause occurred at 26 to 27 years of age. Multiple cerebral infarctions and iron deposits in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra were detected by MRI in the aged brains. These geriatric disorders in captive aged macaques appear to be natural aging outcomes, since the simple lifestyle of these captive animals offers minimal exposure to environmental factors. Our data will offer useful paradigms for preventive or experimental studies on age-related diseases.
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PMID:Age-related pathology and biosenescent markers in captive rhesus macaques. 2360 87