Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The specificity of the action of low-molecular-weigh heparin promotes its prevention use in ophthalmological surgery, where any hemorrhage, even if not of vital consequence, can reduce and even cancel out the results of the surgery. Consequently, we subjected 63 patients (21 male, 42 female) aged 54 to 93 to preventive treatment with Fraxiparine (CY 216) as per the conventional indications of risk factors: essentially venous insufficiency [23], varicose veins [29], a history of phlebitis [20] or pulmonary embolism [12]. A first group of 31 patients (protocol P 1) was given the first injection 2 hours prior to surgery (D 0). A second group of 32 patients (P 2) was given the injection at 10 p.m. on the eve of surgery (D-1). P 1 and P 2 were given CY 216 (0.3 ml, one injection at 6 a.m.) each day from D 1 to D 7 (and 7 patients from P 1 until D 10). The type of surgery concerned was: cataract [46], retinal detachment [11], glaucoma [3]; fifteen patients had already undergone surgery and 6 were given CY 216 twice. P 2 was compared with a control group T of 20 patients (7 male, 13 females, mean age 71.8) in the same department given calcium heparin sc (3 x 0.2 ml daily, D 1 to D 7). In P 1 and P 2, as well as in the T group, no clinical thromboembolic complications were observed. Tolerance, however, differed. In P 1: 2 cases of hyphema and one of choroidal hematoma. In P 2: no significant hemorrhage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Tolerability in ophthalmologic surgery of CY 216 in preventing venous thrombosis of the leg]. 285 75

Toremifene has been in clinical use for 8 years for the treatment of advanced hormone-sensitive breast cancer and the adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. More than 350,000 patient treatment years have accumulated, sufficient to allow evaluation of its longer-term safety profile in comparison with tamoxifen and, where possible, with raloxifene and aromatase inhibitors. We reviewed all preclinical and clinical safety data from 1978 to 2004 and comparative clinical safety data between October 1995 and the end of 2004. Secondary endometrial cancer incidence was lower with toremifene than with tamoxifen and was similar to that with raloxifene. It is speculated that toremifene may unmask existing endometrial tumors rather than induce new events. The risk of stroke, pulmonary embolism, and cataract may be lower with toremifene than with tamoxifen and the risk of pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis lower than with raloxifene. Beneficial estrogen agonistic effects were equivalent to those of tamoxifen regarding bone mineral density and superior regarding lipid profiles.
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PMID:Toremifene: an evaluation of its safety profile. 1628 4

Obesity is a risk factor for a plethora of severe morbidities and premature death. Most supporting evidence comes from observational studies that are prone to chance, bias and confounding. Even data on the protective effects of weight loss from randomized controlled trials will be susceptible to confounding and bias if treatment assignment cannot be masked, which is usually the case with lifestyle and surgical interventions. Thus, whilst obesity is widely considered the major modifiable risk factor for many chronic diseases, its causes and consequences are often difficult to determine. Addressing this is important, as the prevention and treatment of any disease requires that interventions focus on causal risk factors. Disease prediction, although not dependent on knowing the causes, is nevertheless enhanced by such knowledge. Here, we provide an overview of some of the barriers to causal inference in obesity research and discuss analytical approaches, such as Mendelian randomization, that can help to overcome these obstacles. In a systematic review of the literature in this field, we found: (i) probable causal relationships between adiposity and bone health/disease, cancers (colorectal, lung and kidney cancers), cardiometabolic traits (blood pressure, fasting insulin, inflammatory markers and lipids), uric acid concentrations, coronary heart disease and venous thrombosis (in the presence of pulmonary embolism), (ii) possible causal relationships between adiposity and gray matter volume, depression and common mental disorders, oesophageal cancer, macroalbuminuria, end-stage renal disease, diabetic kidney disease, nuclear cataract and gall stone disease, and (iii) no evidence for causal relationships between adiposity and Alzheimer's disease, pancreatic cancer, venous thrombosis (in the absence of pulmonary embolism), liver function and periodontitis.
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PMID:Causal inference in obesity research. 2793 71