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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred fourteen eyes of patients with retinal detachment occurring after congenital cataract surgery were studied. Retinal detachment was typified by high incidences of men, myopia, preference for the second and fourth decades of life, and a fairly long interval after cataract surgery. Frequently found were the following: (1) undetected retinal breaks, (2) high incidences of small oval or round holes in the upper nasal quadrant near the ora serrata, (3) retinal detachment in more than one quadrant, and (4) extensive vitreous and preretinal traction. Preoperative examination was often hampered by a small, bound-down pupil, nystagmus, extreme photophobia, and an inability to move the eye in desired directions. The major factor in the pathogenesis of retinal detachment after congenital cataract surgery appears to be chronic vitreoretinal traction in the anterior vitreous caused by cataract removal.
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PMID:Retinal detachment following congenital cataract surgery. I. Preoperative findings in 114 eyes. 736 1

Horizontal and vertical small-field optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were examined in persons with strabismic or anisometropic amblyopia. Reduced velocity for the slow phase of OKN driven by temporalward and upward target motion presented monocularly was observed in both the amblyopic and nonamblyopic eyes of some subjects. Several experiments were conducted in search of a sensory disturbance of perceived motion sensitivity which could account for the abnormal OKN. Comparisons between the frequency response for OKN and the contrast sensitivity function for perceived motion revealed that amblyopes with asymmetric OKN had equal sensitivity to nasal and temporal target motion. Contrast thresholds for driving the temporal slow phase of OKN were elevated by over 1 log unit above contrast thresholds for perceived temporal target motion, whereas contrast thresholds for stimulating nasal movement and driving the nasalward slow phase of OKN were equal. Contrast sensitivity to nasal and temporal target motion was symmetrical at the fovea and parafovea of the amblyopic eye. These studies did not reveal a sensory a /mso observed in both eyes of persons with congenital strabismus without amblyopia and in the nondeprived eye in monocular congenital cataract. These observations suggest a relationship between directional asymmetries of OKN and the incomplete development of binocular vision.
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PMID:Disturbances of small-field horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus in amblyopia. 738 Jun 25

A thirty-three-year-old male with Lowe's syndrome had cataract; nystagmus, buphthalmos, prominent frontal bossing, growth and mental retardation, aminoaciduria, proteinuria, rickets, areflexia, genu valgum, piercing cry and head-banging being among the presenting features. The rickety changes improved over a period of years with the administration of vitamin D2. Pathological changes include: (1) tubular damage in the kidneys and hypertrophies of Bowman's capsules; (2) small brain with ventricular dilatation with thickened meninges, small corpus callosum, small size of pyramidal tracts and medial leminisci, neurofibrillary tangles in the pyramidal cells of the Ammon's horn and frontal lobe; (3) eye changes of buphthalmos, congenital cataracts and thickening of Descemet's membrane; (4) testicular atrophy--both testes showing peritubular fibrosis with an increase of fibrous tissue in the interstitial tissue. Azoospermia was present linked with poor development of spermatogonia and spermatocytes. The lumina of the seminiferous tubules were filled with foamy exudate.
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PMID:Clinicopathological studies of oculo cerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, Terrey and MacLachlan. 738 30

This paper details the technique for ocular assessment of the severely retarded child including the use of electrophysiological methods of examination and monitored dissociated anaesthesia. This examination is conducted in the child's hospital residential school environment. Analysis of these assessments shows a high incidence of pathological defects, strabismus, nystagmus, cataract and refractive errors. These findings are similar to the experience of an overseas clinic. A plea is made for early ocular examination in the first year of life in the suspected neonate to help establish a general diagnosis, prepare a plan of management and prevent secondary retardation.
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PMID:The ophthalmological assessment of the severely retarded child. 738 39

Beginning in June 1991, we implanted a newly designed, black diaphragm intraocular lens (IOL) into 13 eyes with congenital aniridia after cataract surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first group of patients to receive a black diaphragm IOL. With the first prototype we experienced various difficulties, which prompted four design modifications. The latest IOL with a diaphragm diameter of 10 mm can be guided safely into the ciliary sulcus. IOL implantation improved visual acuity in 9 of 13 eyes; 4 of these exhibited considerably less nystagmus than was observed preoperatively. During the mean follow-up-period of 7.9 months (range, 1-27 months), a slight, persistent intraocular "inflammation" [Tyndall (+)] was observed in all eyes. Glaucoma occurred postoperatively in 4 eyes and was controlled medically in 2 eyes but remained uncontrolled in 2 other eyes that had the condition preoperatively. This pilot study indicates that most patients with congenital aniridia and cataract benefit considerably from the implantation of this newly designed, black diaphragm IOL. However, preexisting glaucoma may herald severe postoperative glaucoma-related problems and should be considered a contraindication until more information has been gained about the long-term tolerance of this IOL.
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PMID:Black diaphragm intraocular lens in congenital aniridia. 780 3

Multivariated analysis of corrected visual acuities after extraction of congenital cataract with IOL implantation in 24 patients (41 eyes), including 14 children (22 eyes) under 12 years of age, revealed that 6 factors significantly affected the postoperative results, namely, the pattern of lenticular opacity, monocularity, strabismus, nystagmus, after-cataract formation and its time of onset. Therefore, operation as early as possible is recommended for cases with these factors and IOL implantation considered, with discretion, in children for whom other forms of visual aids are not available.
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PMID:[Factors affecting the visual prognosis after extraction of congenital cataract with IOL implantation]. 784 91

The authors analyzed the kind of ocular changes and methods of therapy in 34 children, aged 5 months to 14 years, treated in the clinic in the years 1982-1992. The most frequent change was congenital cataract. The other signs observed were: Brushfield's spots, alternate esotropia, nystagmus, partial optic atrophy, retinal detachment, congenital glaucoma, ectropion and keratoconus. Occurrence of several anomalies were frequent. The adequate surgical treatment was applied depending on the kind of changes. Cataract extraction was made by aspiration method. Visual acuity improved in 58.8% of eyes.
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PMID:[Ocular changes in Down's syndrome]. 789 85

A 12-year-old patient presents aniridia, congenital cataract and nystagmus. The zonular cataract at both eyes has evolved at the right eye. Visual acuity at the right eye is very low (hand movement perception). The lens intracapsular removal at the right eye, with the resection of the hyaloid-capsular ligament, has improved the visual function at 1/6 with adequate correction. The specificity of the case resides in his infrequent occurrence, probably because of a genetic mutation causing partial lack of the zonular fibers.
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PMID:[Congenital aniridia and cataract]. 818 8

The ophthalmologic findings associated with frontonasal dysplasia have not been defined previously in a large series of untreated children. We reviewed the ophthalmic manifestations of a series of patients with frontonasal dysplasia who were seen as part of their craniofacial evaluation. All had undergone a complete ophthalmologic examination before any manipulation of either the orbits or the soft tissues of the orbital contents. From 1986 to 1991, 23 patients with frontonasal dysplasia were seen; ophthalmologic abnormalities were found in 20 (87 percent). Abnormalities included significant refractive errors, strabismus, nystagmus, and eyelid ptosis. Three patients had amblyopia, a treatable cause of visual loss, from strabismus or anisometropia. Ten eyes in seven patients (30 percent) had severe structural anomalies, such as optic nerve hypoplasia, optic nerve colobomas, microphthalmia, cataract, corneal dermoid, or inflammatory retinopathy, that resulted in an acuity of 20/100 or worse. The high incidence of ocular abnormalities indicates that early assessment by an ophthalmologist should be part of the initial evaluation of patients with frontonasal dysplasia to detect treatable visual or ocular problems.
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PMID:Ocular manifestations of frontonasal dysplasia. 827 82

The presence of nystagmus has been considered as an indicator of poor prognosis in infants with bilateral congenital cataracts. However, of the 10 infants with preoperative nystagmus reported in this study, after simultaneous surgery for bilateral congenital cataracts, 5 cases showed a resolution of nystagmus or reduction to latent nystagmus postoperatively. This study was carried out to clarify what factors resolved or reduced the preoperative nystagmus. Those 5 cases in whom nystagmus was ameliorated postoperatively were operated on within one month after the onset. Age of nystagmus onset, age at surgery or type of cataract did not affect this amelioration of nystagmus. In contrast, the 5 cases who had no postoperative change in nystagmus were operated on later than this period. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to resolve or reduce preoperative nystagmus in bilateral congenital cataracts by a simultaneous bilateral lens removal within one month after the onset of nystagmus.
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PMID:Changes in nystagmus after simultaneous surgery for bilateral congenital cataracts. 829 73


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