Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A personal series of 6780 patients with diabetes mellitus is reported. Of these 1410 were thought to have insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetes and 4926 non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes. Among the former, 128 patients were only diagnosed when in severe ketoacidosis or coma. In 116 patients the diabetes was diagnosed in pregnancy. Chronic alcoholism was an aetiological factor in 75 patients; in 52 it led to the diagnosis being made, and it complicated treatment in 129 additional patients. In the patients with Type 2 diabetes whose treatment was stabilized 23.5% were having insulin injections, 44.5% tablets, and 32.0% diet only. Sight-threatening retinopathy developed in 21.3% of patients with Type 1 and 7.9% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The rate of developing sight-threatening retinopathy was 1.1% of patients per year. Blindness occurred in 0.28% of patients with Type 1 diabetes per year and 0.097% per year in Type 2 diabetes. If the mean survival of patients with retinopathy going blind is 7.5 years, this would mean 7500 people in the UK blind from diabetic retinopathy. There was a striking drop in the annual incidence of blindness after 1970 coinciding with the introduction of specific treatment for diabetic retinopathy. Juvenile cataract developed in 1.7% of patients who developed Type 1 diabetes before 30 years of age. Clinically important diabetic neuropathy developed in 17.4% of patients with Type 1 and 11.6% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The main features were paraesthesiae and numbness (49%), neuropathic ulceration (37%), pain (5%), autonomic symptoms (5%), and amyotrophy (4%). Oculomotor palsies and mononeuropathies were noted. Foot ulceration occurred in 81 patients with Type 1 and 279 of those with Type 2 diabetes. Charcot changes in the feet were noted in 21 patients. Major amputations were needed in 18 patients with Type 1 and 60 with Type 2 diabetes. Proteinuria believed to be due to diabetic nephropathy developed in 12.8% of patients with Type 1 and 4.7% of those with Type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of early renal failure was 4.6% and 1.4%, respectively. Coronary artery disease was noted in 9% of patients with Type 1 diabetes, and was more common in those who developed diabetes after 20 years of age. Myocardial infarction was as common in women as in men. In Type 2 diabetes coronary artery disease gave rise to symptoms in 19.1%, and myocardial infarction was more common in men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Diabetes in the United Kingdom: a personal series. 182 47

A total of 1,030 diabetic patients were studied in order to identify factors associated with various complications. A higher proportion of women was found (64.1%). Using regression analysis of prevalence versus the logarithm of the duration of diabetes, a half-life of 5.14 years was calculated. In the study of complications, peripheral neuropathy, amputations, renal impairment, albuminuria, myocardial infarction, cataract and amaurosis were strongly associated with duration of diabetes rather than with the age of the patient or the age at diagnosis; in contrast, blood pressure and impotence correlated better with the age of the patient. A discriminant function analysis permitted to identify several factors as predictors of diverse complication mainly: the duration of the disease, and previous use of insulin (negative correlation). Other predictors were glycemia, alcoholism, smoking habit and intake of legumes (beans). Albuminuria was assessed with a radioimmunoassay procedure and found to be associated with: duration of diabetes, urinary tract infection, systolic blood pressure and amaurosis. Some alimentary habits were also included as predictors of complications.
 ...
PMID:[Risk factors of the complications of diabetes mellitus]. 186 94

Increased glycosylation of various proteins in diabetic patients has been reported by many authors. In the present study, the extent of non-enzymatic glycosylation in diabetic patients with or without chronic complications was investigated. Eighty-five diabetic patients were studied, 20 were without any clinical evidence of chronic complications while the remainder were suffering from cataract (n = 18), retinopathy (n = 16), peripheral neuropathy (n = 16) and cardiovascular complications like angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and hypertension (n = 15). All patients were selected on clinical grounds. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects of similar age and weight were studied as control subjects. Fasting plasma glucose was increased in all diabetic patients and correlated significantly with glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated plasma protein and serum fructosamine concentrations. There was no significant difference between diabetic patients with or without chronic complications in the levels of fasting plasma glucose, glycosylated plasma proteins, glycosylated hemoglobin, serum fructosamine, mucoprotein, hexosamine, sialic acid and fucose. Alpha-2 globulin fraction was increased in both uncomplicated and complicated diabetic patients and albumin was found to be decreased in patients with cataract, peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular diseases. Alpha-1 and beta globulins were significantly decreased in patients with cardiovascular diseases and retinopathy respectively while gamma globulin was increased in retinopathy patients. In uncomplicated diabetic patients alpha-1 glycoprotein was decreased and gamma glycoprotein was increased. In diabetic patients with retinopathy, alpha-1 glycoprotein was elevated significantly while beta glycoprotein was decreased.
 ...
PMID:Changes in glycosylated proteins in long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. 216 68

A 4 1/2 months old female baby was admitted to our hospital after an unexpected heart attack. Birth was in the 37th gestational week after an uneventful pregnancy and delivery by sectio, birth weight 1650 g, Apgar 9/10/10. In the following weeks the baby showed general muscle hypotonia, failure to thrive and sometimes an uncharacteristic heart murmur. Besides a chronic lactic acidemia we found a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cataract and small defects of the pigment epithelium of the retina. The CT-scan of the brain showed hypodense areas of both thalami and the mid-brain. Metabolic examination of two muscle specimens showed a deficiency of cytochrome-c-oxidase activity (I: 30, II: 20, normal: 73-284 mU/mg protein). So our patient may be the first case with an established defect in the respiratory chain suffering from cardiomyopathy, cataract and mitochondrial dysfunction. There is also a strong similarity to other encephalomyopathies especially to the Leigh-Syndrome.
 ...
PMID:[Encephalomyelopathy, cardiomyopathy, cataract and changes in the retinal pigment epithelium resulting from a cytochrome c oxidase deficiency]. 284 43

A six year randomised trial was conducted among 5139 apparently healthy male doctors to see whether 500 mg aspirin daily would reduce the incidence of and mortality from stroke, myocardial infarction, or other vascular conditions. Though total mortality was 10% lower in the treated than control group, this difference was not statistically significant and chiefly involved diseases other than stroke or myocardial infarction. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction or stroke--indeed, disabling strokes were somewhat commoner among those allocated aspirin. The lower confidence limit for the effect of aspirin on non-fatal stroke or myocardial infarction, however, was a substantial 25% reduction. Migraine and certain types of musculoskeletal pain were reported significantly less often in the treated than control group, but as the control group was not given a placebo the relevance of these findings was difficult to assess. There was no apparent reduction in the incidence of cataract in the treated group. The lack of any apparent reduction in disabling stroke or vascular death contrasts with the established value of antiplatelet treatment after occlusive vascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Randomised trial of prophylactic daily aspirin in British male doctors. 312 82

An 81-year-old man with a history of chronic pulmonary disease due to heavy smoking and ischemic heart disease had been suffering for the past few years from chronic constipation and urinary incontinence and was receiving medication for cardiopulmonary symptoms and urinary incontinence. He was admitted for repeated falling for a few months prior to admission. When put in the supine position, his blood pressure fell. He had bilateral pulmonary rales, consistent with lung disease, eccentricity of the left pupil (after cataract surgery), constriction of the right pupil, and absence of the pupillary light reflex. There was generalized hyperreflexia and a bilateral Babinski sign. He had normocytic, normochromic anemia; B12, folic acid and ferritin were within normal ranges, ESR was rapid, there was hyperglobulinemia (IgA and IgG), urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased but returned to normal after rehydration. ECG and chest X-ray were consistent with his cardiopulmonary status. Bone-marrow biopsy showed hypocellularity. IVP and barium enema were normal. Echocardiography revealed a possible old posterior wall myocardial infarction. CT-scan showed moderate cerebral and cerebellar atrophy, calcifications in the carotid and vertebral arteries, and small infarcts in both hemispheres. At this point, after an extensive survey of the literature, the diagnosis of Shy-Drager syndrome was proposed and proved by monitoring ECG and serum levels of noradrenaline during postural changes. He was treated with Fluorinef and there were no more episodes of postural hypotension. Several weeks after discharge he reported that he was feeling well and had not fallen since discharge.
 ...
PMID:[Shy-Drager syndrome]. 775 2

Starting in 1985, at the Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India, modifications concerning teaching community medicine and epidemiology were introduced. Students were encouraged to conduct epidemiological investigations for better understanding of the subject. First-year students were free to participate in a hospital-based case control study involving 3-7 students over a period of 6-8 months. 5 projects were completed between 1990 and 1992 pertaining to risk factor analysis in oral cancers, protein-energy malnutrition, myocardial infarction, birth asphyxia, and cervical carcinoma. Methodology included objectives, review of the literature, definitions, questionnaires, and statistical methods. Faculty members monitored progress. Each student made a presentation to a gathering of 1st- and 2nd-year students and answered their questions. 2nd-year students undertook projects in community medicine lasting 2 months during vacation. Each student had a separate project of value for planning urban and rural field practice areas. Between 1987 and 1992, field studies were carried out on immunization coverage and mothers' knowledge about child immunization; the prevalence of caries among preschool children; cultural and economic factors affecting pregnancy; the epidemiology of cataract; blood pressure and hypertension; the nutritional status of preschool and school-age children; and drug compliance by leprosy patients. Case school studies were also undertaken on risk-factor analysis of low birth weight; factors affecting the acceptance of tubectomy; and treatment-seeking behavior among patients with cervical carcinoma. Similar public presentations were made. Interns were invited to assist in difficult subjects. A hospital study was completed by 2 students on injections given unnecessarily to children aged under 5 years. 111 out of 149 1st- year students questioned stated that they had gained knowledge and skills. Benefits reported included improved thinking, communication, statistical knowledge, understanding of human behavior, and a social view on health and disease.
 ...
PMID:Research as a tool for the teaching of epidemiology. 814 77

This Danish multicenter study was undertaken to evaluate current indications for cataract extraction and to compare the heath status among patients enlisted for cataract surgery with that reported for the background population. A consecutive sample of 290 patients from all ophthalmic hospital departments in Denmark was examined and interviewed prior to cataract extraction. The mean visual acuity in the eye enlisted for surgery was 0.17. A visual acuity of < 0.05 occurred in 11.1% and 46.7% had a visual acuity of > or = 0.05 to 0.3. Comparing these figures to other recent European studies it seems reasonable to conclude that in Denmark surgery is performed at an earlier stage of the disease. Only a few patients with no functional impairment were seen; other appropriate indications for surgery were seen for these patients. Occurrence of angina, bronchitis and prior myocardial infarction was higher in the cataract sample as compared to the random sample of Danes. The likelihood of preferring an outpatient procedure was significantly increased among younger patients, patients of better general health and among patients with better pre-operative visual acuity in eye enlisted for surgery.
 ...
PMID:Visual impairment and general health among Danish cataract patients. Results from the Danish Cataract Surgery Outcomes Study. I. 901 50

Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) is commonly used in patients with myocardial infarction. Recently, it has also been applied intraocularly to dissolve postoperative fibrin with no serious complications being reported so far. In this study we describe our own experience with rTPA in 25 patients with persisting fibrinous membranes in the anterior segment. rTPA (Actilyse, Dr. Karl Thomae GmbH) was given in a single dose of 25 micrograms and injected into the anterior chamber via a paracentesis. We did not encounter any complications during the injection of rTPA. In 21 eyes fibrin could be reduced significantly, albeit sometimes only slowly. In 13 patients, the membrane had dissolved almost completely by the following day. In contrast, no success was observed after glaucoma surgery (2 eyes) and in chronic iritis (1 eye), or when fibrin mixed with blood was treated (1 eye). There were two (controllable) post-operative hemorrhages (rTPA after vitrectomy, and for fibrin/blood after cataract surgery). In addition, we noted 2 cases of irreversible superficial corneal clouding (rTPA after cataract surgery). We conclude that injection of rTPA can be a useful addition to steroid treatment in selective cases of persisting fibrin in the anterior segment. Long-standing membranes, however, are unlikely to be dissolved. Care should also be taken and rTPA be avoided when there is evidence of recent bleeding. Most worrying to us were the corneal complications that we cannot explain to date. With regard to the definite time correlation we feel that rTPA or one of the solution components might be the cause of this unusual feature.
 ...
PMID:[Success and complications of rTPA treatment of the anterior eye segment]. 931 22

Between 1988 and 1992, 565 type 2 diabetic patients were examined for nephropathy and diabetes-associated diseases during hospital treatment. Stages of nephropathy were defined as no clinical sign of nephropathy (N = 280), microalbuminuria (N = 38), overt proteinuria (N = 105), impaired renal function (N = 55), and chronic dialysis therapy (N = 87). In dialyzed patients, HbA1c averaged 6.8%, and, in the other groups, HbA1c was between 7.6% and 8.3% (normal range, 3.8%-6.1%). Cataract was not associated with the severity of nephropathy. Stroke was most common in the stage of renal insufficiency (34%). The following complications, as found in medical history or as current event, showed a significant association with the stage of nephropathy and occurred most frequently in dialysis patients (percentage is displayed for patients with nephropathy in comparison to diabetic dialysis patients): hypertension (53%-89%), left ventricular hypertrophy (39%-81%), myocardial infarction (14%-36%), peripheral vascular disease (27%-77%), foot lesions (7%-75%), minor or major amputations (3%-23%), proliferative retinopathy (6%-46%), blindness (2.9%-16.1%), and internal carotid artery stenosis (15%-36%). In this preselected cohort of diabetic patients, a high morbidity was found already without nephropathy that increased several-fold in the course of the development of nephropathy. Our data identify patients with diabetic nephropathy as a high-risk group for excess morbidity.
 ...
PMID:Morbidity in 565 type 2 diabetic patients according to stage of nephropathy. 955 88


1 2 3 4 Next >>