Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A primary peripheral cyst behind the iris is difficult to detect during a routine slit lamp examination. It is usually asymptomatic unless the cyst is sufficiently large. We report on a 73-year-old woman who underwent phacoemulsification of a cataract and incidentally presented a small dark mass behind the peripheral iris. The lesion was initially suspected of being a melanoma, but it could not be localized by conventional techniques postoperatively. A diagnosis of primary iris cyst was not made until 1 year later when high-frequency ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) was employed. UBM displayed a distinct thin-wall cystic lesion (0.5 x 0.8 x 0.6 mm) with low internal reflectivity at the iridociliary sulcus of the inferotemporal quadrant. UBM allows good imaging access to a lesion behind the iris that is otherwise difficult to detect with traditional techniques.
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PMID:Ultrasound biomicroscopy in the diagnosis of a primary peripheral iris cyst. 1284 31

Even in the twenty-first century, welding is still a common and a highly skilled occupation. The hazardous agents associated with welding processes are acetylene, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, phosgene, tungsten, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, manganese, nickel, silver, tin, and zinc. All welding processes involve the potential hazards for inhalation exposures that may lead to acute or chronic respiratory diseases. According to literature described earlier it has been suggested that welding fumes cause the lung function impairment, obstructive and restrictive lung disease, cough, dyspnea, rhinitis, asthma, pneumonitis, pneumoconiosis, carcinoma of the lungs. In addition, welding workers suffer from eye irritation, photokeratitis, cataract, skin irritation, erythema, pterygium, non-melanocytic skin cancer, malignant melanoma, reduced sperm count, motility and infertility. Most of the studies have been attempted previously to evaluate the effects of welding fumes. However, no collectively effort illuminating the general effects of welding fumes on different organs or systems or both in human has not been published. Therefore, the aim of this review is to gather the potential toxic effects of welding fumes documented by individual efforts and provide informations to community on hazards of welding.
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PMID:Health hazards of welding fumes. 1464 49

Since ancient times, plants and herbal preparations have been used as medicine. Research carried out in last few decades has certified several such claims of use of several plants of traditional medicine. Popularity of Momordica charantia (MC) in various systems of traditional medicine for several ailments (antidiabetic, abortifacient, anthelmintic, contraceptive, dysmenorrhea, eczema, emmenagogue, antimalarial, galactagogue, gout, jaundice, abdominal pain, kidney (stone), laxative, leprosy, leucorrhea, piles, pneumonia, psoriasis, purgative, rheumatism, fever and scabies) focused the investigator's attention on this plant. Over 100 studies using modern techniques have authenticated its use in diabetes and its complications (nephropathy, cataract, insulin resistance), as antibacterial as well as antiviral agent (including HIV infection), as anthelmintic and abortifacient. Traditionally it has also been used in treating peptic ulcers, interestingly in a recent experimental studies have exhibited its potential against Helicobacter pylori. Most importantly, the studies have shown its efficacy in various cancers (lymphoid leukemia, lymphoma, choriocarcinoma, melanoma, breast cancer, skin tumor, prostatic cancer, squamous carcinoma of tongue and larynx, human bladder carcinomas and Hodgkin's disease). There are few reports available on clinical use of MC in diabetes and cancer patients that have shown promising results.
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PMID:Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica charantia: a review. 1518 17

Iris pigmentation has several physiologic functions, including protection of the underlying tissues from ultraviolet radiation and a protective role in various diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration, cataract and uveal melanoma. Uveal melanoma has been reported to be more prevalent among white people with light irides. It has been suggested that the increased risk may be due to the lack of pigmentation, which allows greater light transmission to the uvea. In this article the author reviews the association between iris colour and ocular disease, particularly uveal melanoma.
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PMID:Iris colour and uveal melanoma. 1532 94

The rapid increase of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in industrialized countries is yet unexplained. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) has been suggested as an aetiologic factor due to observed elevated risks of cutaneous malignancies after NHL and vice versa. Cataract, as related to UVR, was tested as a proxy variable to further elucidate this observation. Cataract in-patients (n = 49914) reported to the Swedish Patient Register and later developing NHL and cutaneous malignancies were identified by record linkage to the Swedish Cancer Registry. The observed number of malignancies among cataract patients did not differ significantly from that expected in the general population. In contrast, the risk of cutaneous malignant melanoma was lower than anticipated, based on Swedish background incidence figures. The results did not give support for a causal relationship between NHL and UVR.
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PMID:Risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and skin malignancies in patients diagnosed with cataract. 1555 56

There are only a few cases of primary ovarian melanoma described in the literature. Here, we report a rare case of ovarian mixed neoplasm with parts of malignant melanoma and fibrothecoma in a 76-year-old female who was hospitalized for a cataract operation. To our knowledge, cases of a combination of malignant melanoma and fibrothecoma in the ovary have not been described. In this study, new markers for malignant melanoma (S-100, tyrosinase mRNA) were also tested.
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PMID:Malignant melanoma and fibrothecoma--an ovarian mixed tumor. 1603 67

Vitamin D sufficiency is required for optimal health, and solar ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiance is an important source of vitamin D. UVB and/or vitamin D have been found in observational studies to be associated with reduced risk for over a dozen forms of cancer, multiple sclerosis, osteoporotic fractures, and several other diseases. On the other hand, excess UV irradiance is associated with adverse health outcomes such as cataracts, melanoma, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Ecologic analyses are used to estimate the fraction of cancer mortality, multiple sclerosis prevalence, and cataract formation that can be prevented or delayed. Estimates from the literature are used for other diseases attributed to excess UV irradiation, additional cancer estimates, and osteoporotic fractures. These results are used to estimate the economic burdens of insufficient UVB irradiation and vitamin D insufficiency as well as excess UV irradiation in the United States for these diseases and conditions. We estimate that 50,000-63,000 individuals in the United States and 19,000-25,000 in the UK die prematurely from cancer annually due to insufficient vitamin D. The U.S. economic burden due to vitamin D insufficiency from inadequate exposure to solar UVB irradiance, diet, and supplements was estimated at $40-56 billion in 2004, whereas the economic burden for excess UV irradiance was estimated at $6-7 billion. These results suggest that increased vitamin D through UVB irradiance, fortification of food, and supplementation could reduce the health care burden in the United States, UK, and elsewhere. Further research is required to confirm these estimates.
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PMID:Comparisons of estimated economic burdens due to insufficient solar ultraviolet irradiance and vitamin D and excess solar UV irradiance for the United States. 1615 9

The aim was to report my own experiences of the surgical treatment of ciliary body melanoma. 42 patients were treated by trasnscleral resection of melanoma between January 1995 and June 2001. Additional rutenium brachytherapy was performed in 29 cases. Intraoperative complications included bleeding (3 cases), vitreous loss (4) and retinal detachment (2). Residual tumor in one case was the reason of enucleation. Cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation was necessary in 7 cases. Postoperative filtration bleb appeared in 6 eyes. The evaluation of functional results has shown no impairment of visual acuity in 56% of cases and did not change during follow up. These observations show that transscleral resection with additional brachytherapy is a method of choice in the management of ciliary body melanoma.
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PMID:[Surgical management of ciliary body melanoma]. 1661 6

The aim was to evaluate the visual acuity after transcleral resection of ciliary body melanoma. 42 patients were treated by trans-scleral resection of melanoma between January 1995 and June 2001. Additional rutenium brachytherapy was performed in 29 cases. Cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation was necessary in 7 cases. Postoperative filtration bleb appeared in 6 eyes. The evaluation of functional results has shown no impairment of visual acuity in 56% of cases and did not change during follow up. These observations show that functional results after trans-scleral resection with additional brachytherapy are satisfactory and stable during follow-up.
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PMID:[Visual acuity after surgical management of ciliary body melanoma]. 1661 7

Patients with melanoma may experience a variety of different vision symptoms, in part associated with melanoma-associated retinopathy. For several melanoma patients with or without melanoma-associated retinopathy, colour vision deficiencies, especially involving the tritan system, have been reported. The frequency of colour vision deficiencies in a larger cohort of melanoma patients has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of colour vision deficiencies in melanoma patients subject to stage of disease, prognostic factors such as tumour thickness or Clark level, S100-beta and predisposing diseases that may have an impact on colour vision (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, glaucoma or cataract). Three hundred melanoma patients in different tumour stages and 100 healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls were examined with the saturated Farnsworth panel D 15 test. Seventy out of 300 (23.3%) melanoma patients and 12/100 (12%) controls showed pathologic results in colour testing. This discrepancy was significant (P < 0.016; odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval 1.15-4.32). Increasing age was identified as a highly significant (P = 0.0005) risk factor for blue vision deficiency. Adjusting for the age and predisposing diseases, we could show that melanoma was associated with the risk of blue vision deficiency. The frequency of blue vision deficiency in 52/260 melanoma patients without predisposing diseases (20%) compared with 4/78 controls without predisposing diseases (5.1%) differed significantly (odds ratio 4.441; confidence interval 1.54-12.62; P < 0.004). In 260 melanoma patients without predisposing diseases, blue vision deficiency, as graded on a 6-point scale, showed a weak positive correlation (Spearman) with tumour stage (r = 0.147; P < 0.01), tumour thickness (r = 0.10; P = 0.0035), Clark level (r = 0.12; P = 0.04) and a weak negative correlation with time since initial diagnosis (r = -0.11; P = 0.0455). Blue vision deficiency is associated with melanoma, but is only weakly related to stage of disease. Although we saw a positive correlation with well-known prognostic markers, such as tumour thickness and Clark level, blue vision deficiency as assessed by the Farnsworth panel D 15 test in general is inappropriate as a marker of tumour progression. For the use of blue vision deficiency in melanoma patients without predisposing diseases, a diligent test performance and interpretation is very important.
Melanoma Res 2006 Oct
PMID:Frequency of colour vision deficiencies in melanoma patients: results of a prospective comparative screening study with the Farnsworth panel D 15 test including 300 melanoma patients and 100 healthy controls. 1701 90


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