Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients with epibulbar malignancies were treated by local excision and brachytherapy with ruthenium-106. One patient showed a large melanoma on the epibulbar conjunctiva, the other patient suffered from a recurrent squamous cell carcinoma at the limbus. After excision of the tumor including lamellar sclerectomy and keratectomy, a ruthenium-106 plaque was sutured to the sclera, and a total dose of 290 and 320 Gy, respectively, was delivered to the tumor bed. No severe radiogenic complications were observed except for a rarefaction of the sclera in the treatment area and a slow cataract increase. After a follow-up period of 50 and 22 months, respectively, both patients do not show any recurrence or metastatic disease.
 ...
PMID:Combined local excision and brachytherapy with ruthenium-106 in the treatment of epibulbar malignancies. 827 79

Increasing evidence of the immunomodulatory and tumor-depressing effects of melatonin prompted us to study altered concentrations of this multifunctional pineal hormone in the aqueous humor of eyes with melanoma. Eyes undergoing cataract surgery served as controls. First, RIA was used for the detection of melatonin (5 melanoma and 8 control eyes). In a second series we used ELISA with a newly developed antibody (6 melanoma and 11 control eyes). Moreover, the supernatant media of cultured melanomas were investigated for melatonin. We cautiously interpret the results as follows: (1) in the morning melatonin is detectable in the human aqueous humor at a concentration of ca. 35 pg/ml; (2) as blood serum and aqueous humor levels did not correlate, melatonin is probably actively secreted by the ciliary body rather than passively filtrated; (3) there are no significant changes in melatonin concentration in the aqueous humor of melanoma eyes; this, however, does not mean that melatonin does not play a role in uveal melanoma growth; (4) cultured uveal melanoma cells can probably synthesize melatonin.
 ...
PMID:[The role of melatonin in growth of malignant choroid melanoma]. 833 34

Solar UVB radiation is prejudicial to the health of humans in a number of ways. Erythema and photodermatoses are acute reactions of the skin; keratitis and conjunctivitis are acute reactions of the eye. Various types of skin cancer, accelerated aging of the skin, and cataract formation in the crystalline lens are reactions that appear with great latency. UV radiation can also cause damage to the immune system and DNA. For the period 1981-1991, an increase in erythemal effective UVB radiation of +(7 +/- 4)% per decade was measured in a non-polluted high mountain area (Jungfraujoch, 3576 m a.s.l., Switzerland). This increase is related to a decrease in stratospheric ozone. The effects on human health are discussed. A 10% ozone reduction increases non-melanoma skin cancer by 26% and cataract by 6 to 8%.
 ...
PMID:Biological effectiveness of solar UV radiation in humans. 840 96

Stratospheric ozone depletion threatens to increase exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation which is known to be a factor in a number of diseases. There is little doubt that cumulative exposure to UV radiation is important in the aetiology of non-melanoma skin cancers. Evidence is also strong for a link with cutaneous malignant melanoma, although here it appears to be intermittent intense exposure that is most damaging. More controversial is the view that exposure to solar radiation is a significant factor in ocular damage, particularly in the formation of cataracts. Earlier studies pointing to such an effect have been criticized and alternative aetiological hypotheses have been proposed. However, other studies do show an effect of UV exposure on cortical cataract. Concern is also growing that UV may be capable of activating viruses and have immunological effects that might exacerbate infectious disease. Very worrying is the possibility that UV exposure can activate the human immunodeficiency virus which might accelerate the onset AIDS. Any such health effects that have been observed in human populations are the result of exposure to existing, naturally occurring levels of UV radiation. There is, therefore, great concern about the possible exacerbation of these impacts as a result of increased exposure to UV radiation associated with stratospheric ozone depletion. However, any assessment of the nature and scale of such impacts on human health has to deal with several major problems and these are the focus of this paper. There are uncertainties about recent trends in stratospheric ozone and problems in the prediction of future changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Depletion of the ozone layer: consequences for non-infectious human diseases. 848 70

Cathepsin A activity assayed with N-Cbz-Phe-Ala, N-Cbz-Glu-Tyr and N-Cbz-Glu-Phe as substrates, was measured in fresh corneas, lenses, aqueous humor, vitreous humor and choroid plus retinal pigment epithelium taken from normal bovine eye balls and in human intraocular fluids from the eye balls in various ocular diseases (cataract, glaucoma, diabetes, intraocular tumors). Cathepsin A exhibited a pH optimum at 5.0 and showed the highest specificity towards N-Cbz-Phe-Ala as a substrate. In bovine ocular tissues high cathepsin A activity was found in the choroid plus retinal pigment epithelium and in cornea. The lens and the vitreous humor showed low enzyme activity and the aqueous humor none at all. In the human aqueous humor of the eye with cataract cathepsin A activity was more than three times higher then in the eye with choroid tumor. In human vitreous humor in absolute glaucoma the activity was twice as high as in melanoma and almost three times higher than in the case of lung metastatic tumor. Diabetes in glaucoma increased seven fold cathepsin A activity in the vitreous humor.
 ...
PMID:Cathepsin A activity of normal bovine ocular tissues and pathological human intraocular fluids. 910 5

The authors assess the efficacy of brachytherapy of uveal melanomas in 954 patients. Strontium ophthalmoapplicators were used in 652, rutenium ones in 302 patients. As a rule, Sr applicators were sutured in patients with tumors up to 3.5 mm thick and Ru ones in cases with tumors thicker than 3.5 mm. A special program was used for individual approach and improving the accuracy of planning. A total of 74.5% of patients have been followed up for at least 3 years, with check-ups every 3-6 months. The effect of brachytherapy was considered positive in cases with complete resorption or at least 50% decrease of the tumor and a stable clinical picture for 9-12 months. In 60% of patients the tumor regressed completely, in 16% partially, and in 24% there were signs of activation of melanoma growth one year after treatment. The frequency of radiation complications was as follows: retinopaty, 3.15%; neuroretinopathy, 1.1%; hemophthalmia, 0.9%; neovascular glaucoma, 1.1%; cataract, 0.63%. The incidence of radiation complications increases with increase of the applicator power and rigidity of exposure. Computer planning of brachytherapy with due consideration for the size of the tumor and the eye and localization of the neoplasm for each case will help decrease the incidence of complications.
 ...
PMID:[Criteria for assessing the efficacy of brachytherapy of uveal melanomas, complications of therapy and there prevention]. 926 51

Information on possible human health-changes associated with stratosphere ozone depletion and amplification factor (% increase of the stick rate by 1% decrease of ozone) values for acute (erythema, keratitis, cataract, immunosuppression) and chronic (skin cancer, cataract) effects of natural UV-radiation was analysed. Amplification factor (AF) values for acute UV-effects increase with degree of ozone depletion. For degrees less than 12.5% they are independent of latitude and equal to 1.9 for erythema, 1.3-1.5 for keratitis, 1.7-2.3 for cataract and 0.9-1.1 for immunosuppression. AF values for incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer are independent of age, higher in males than females, and higher for squamous cell carcinoma, than for basal cell carcinoma. Their optimal estimations for whites equal to 2.7 for basal cell and 4.6 for squamous cell carcinoma. AF values for incidence of cutaneous malignant melanoma range between 1 and 2, for melanoma mortality--between 0.3 and 2. AF values for incidence of cataract range between 0.3 and 1.2 with optimal estimations between 0.6 and 0.8. Prognosis of non-melanoma skin cancer and cataract incidences, melanoma mortality and economic loss for different scenarios of stratosphere ozone depletion are presented.
 ...
PMID:[Biomedical and economic consequences of stratosphere ozone depletion]. 963 27

Patients with phacomorphic glaucoma present with mature cataract, shallowing of the anterior chamber, and angle-closure glaucoma. The opaque ocular media due to cataract formation usually precludes visualization of the posterior segment of the affected eyes. The authors describe a 65-year-old man who presented with reduced vision and clinical findings typical of phacomorphic glaucoma. Preoperative ultrasonography revealed an intraocular tumor, and magnetic resonance imaging showed a high signal intensity in T1-weighted images and a low signal intensity in T2-weighted images consistent with choroidal melanoma. Histopathologic examination of the tumor after enucleation confirmed the diagnosis. The clinical findings characteristic of phacomorphic glaucoma may be associated with choroidal melanoma. Ultrasonography or other imaging studies should be performed on eyes with phacomorphic glaucoma and opaque ocular media to allow timely detection of any mass lesion and to guide appropriate surgical management.
 ...
PMID:Phacomorphic glaucoma associated with choroidal melanoma. 964 May 75

The health risks associated with ozone depletion will principally be those due to increased ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation in the environment, i.e., increased damage to the eyes, the immune system, and the skin. Some new risks may also be introduced with the increased use of alternatives to the ozone-depleting substances (ODSs). Quantitative risk estimates are available for some of the UV-B-associated effects, e.g., cataract and skin cancer; however, the data are insufficient to develop similar estimates for effects such as immunosuppression and the toxicity of alternatives. Ocular damage from UV exposures includes effects on the cornea, lens, iris, and associated epithelial and conjunctival tissues. The most common acute ocular effect of environmental ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is photokeratitis. Also known as snowblindness in skiers, this condition also occurs in other outdoor recreationists. Chronic eye conditions likely to increase with ozone depletion include cataract, squamous cell carcinoma, ocular melanoma, and a variety of corneal/conjunctival effects, e.g., pterygium and pinguecula. Suppression of local (at the site of UV exposure) and systemic (at a distant, unexposed site) immune responses to a variety of antigens has been demonstrated in both humans and animals exposed to UV-B. In experiments with animals these effects have been shown to worsen the course/outcome of some infectious diseases and cancers. There is reasonably good evidence that such immunosuppression plays a role in human carcinogenesis; however, the implications of such immunosuppression for human infectious diseases are still unknown. In light-skinned populations, exposure to solar UVR appears to be the most important environmental risk factor for basal and squamous cell carcinomas and cutaneous melanoma. Originally it was believed that total accumulated exposure to UVR was the most important environmental factor in determining risk for these tumors. Recent information now suggests that only squamous cell carcinoma risk is related to total exposure. In the cases of both basal cell carcinoma and melanoma, new information suggests that increases in risk are tied to early exposures (before about age 15), particularly those leading to severe sunburns. Testing of a number of the chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) alternatives indicates that most of these chemicals have low acute toxicity, and low to moderate chronic toxicity. Some chemicals that were originally proposed as alternatives have been dropped from consideration because these tests raised concerns about toxicity and/or manufacturing difficulties. In one instance, high accidental occupational exposure was associated with liver damage, underlining the need for care in the use of these substitutes. Recent quantitative risk estimates have been developed for cataract, melanoma, and all skin cancers combined. These estimates indicate that under the Montreal Adjustments, cataract and skin-cancer incidence will peak mid-century at additional incidences of just under 3 per 100,000 and about 7 per 100,000, respectively.
 ...
PMID:Health risks. 989 51

Adenomas of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium are rare tumors and are difficult to differentiate from amelanotic malignant melanomas of the ciliary body. We describe a 62-year-old woman with a nonpigmented, vascularized iris tumor with small satellites involving the anterior chamber angle. Clinically, an amelanotic, tapioca, malignant melanoma of the iris was suggested although the blood-aqueous barrier was intact. A block excision of 7.5 mm, a tectonic corneoscleral graft, and a simultaneous extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber lens were performed. Histopathologic and electron microscopic studies revealed an adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium. Postoperative visual acuity was 20/40 OD after 6 weeks. An adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium may mimic an amelanotic malignant melanoma of the iris and should be considered in its differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium mimicking a malignant melanoma of the iris. 993 Jan 72


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>