Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the long-term cutaneous side-effects of oral photochemotherapy (PUVA), we examined 95 patients, 59 with psoriasis and 36 with mycosis fungoides (MF). These comprised 80% and 69% respectively of the patients with these disorders treated with PUVA in our department from 1977 to 1985. Two psoriatic patients had squamous carcinomas, both of whom had received high cumulative UVA doses and also methotrexate concurrently with PUVA. Six patients with MF had actinic keratoses. The mean age of these patients (69 years) was significantly greater than the mean age of the patients without actinic keratoses (54 years), but there was no significant difference in their cumulative UVA doses. No patients developed basal cell carcinomas or malignant melanoma. 'PUVA lentigines' were found in 46% of the patients. They were most frequent in patients currently being treated and in those who had received high cumulative UVA doses, but persisted for up to 7 years after discontinuing therapy. Seventy-one patients had yearly ophthalmological examinations, or a single examination at least 3 months after commencing PUVA. This examination included retinal function tests to detect any subclinical visual impairment. Five of these patients had cataract prior to PUVA therapy, and were significantly older (mean age 71 years) than those without cataract (mean age 53 years). Three patients (mean age 61 years) developed new lens opacities whilst receiving PUVA. However, none of these patients was considered to have cataract as none had impairment of visual acuity due to lens opacity. No patients without lens opacity developed evidence of subclinical visual impairment.
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PMID:Cutaneous and ocular side-effects of oral photochemotherapy: results of an 8-year follow-up study. 382 11

We reviewed the records of thirteen patients with posterior uveal malignant melanoma who had developed a mature radiation cataract following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy. Cataract extraction had been performed in seven of these patients as of the survey date of this investigation. We attempted to determine if cataract extraction increased the risk of metastatic melanoma, improved or worsened visual function, or resulted in any consistent intraoperative or postoperative complications that did not occur if the cataract was retained. Our analysis showed that removing the cataract did not appear to increase the risk of death from metastatic melanoma, but it also indicated that cataract extraction did not seem to improve the visual function of the irradiated eye. On the basis of our experience to date, we offer suggested guidelines for the management of patients who develop a mature cataract following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy of a posterior uveal malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Cataract surgery following cobalt-60 plaque radiotherapy for posterior uveal malignant melanoma. 403 76

During a recent four-year period, 21 patients were referred to the Oncology Service at Wills Eye Hospital with previously unsuspected posterior uveal melanomas in an eye that had been operated upon for a unilateral cataract. Twelve of the 21 patients had undergone standard cataract extraction and nine had had implantation of an intraocular lens, which was often in juxtaposition to the unsuspected melanoma. Preoperative ultrasonography in these patients had apparently been performed only to obtain an axial length of the globe and the eye was not scanned for pathologic processes in the posterior segment. Management of the melanoma included a cobalt plaque in eleven cases, enucleation in five, periodic observation in three, iridocyclochorioretinectomy in one, and orbital exenteration in one. It is stressed that a thorough external and slit-lamp examination, transillumination, carefully performed ultrasonography and, if necessary, a radioactive phosphorus uptake test can establish the diagnosis of uveal melanoma and prevent diagnostic delay and misdirected therapy in such cases.
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PMID:Cataract surgery and intraocular lenses in patients with unsuspected malignant melanoma of the ciliary body and choroid. 403 77

A 42-year-old woman developed a ciliary body mass which indented the lens equator and produced a dense focal cataract in the right eye. The clinical diagnosis was malignant melanoma of the ciliary body, and the lesion was removed by a large iridocyclectomy. Histopathologic examination revealed an acquired adenoma of the non-pigmented ciliary epithelium. The clinical and histopathologic features of this rare intraocular tumor are discussed with emphasis upon its differentiation from malignant melanoma.
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PMID:Adenoma of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body. 667 52

An elevated, pigmented lesion of the peripheral iris developed in a 73-year-old woman. The lesion was believed to be a malignant melanoma and was excised at the time of routine cataract extraction. Pathologic examination disclosed a Fuchs' adenoma. These lesions are common in the elderly and are almost invariably clinically silent. This case, however, demonstrates that under rare circumstances a Fuchs' adenoma may induce cataractous changes or produce clinical findings that can mimic an iris melanoma.
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PMID:Fuchs' adenoma affecting the peripheral iris. 684 68

A 57-year-old male was evaluated 1 year after cataract extraction for a mass in the anterior segment of the eye. Ultrasonography, transillumination, and fluorescein angiography suggested that the lesion was a melanoma. Histopathologically, it proved to be an epithelial cyst replacing a portion of the iris and ciliary body.
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PMID:Epithelial cyst of anterior segment following cataract surgery. 733 1

Among 1352 eyes examined histopathologically, ciliary body epithelial cysts were found in 198 eyes. The cysts can be divided into 3 types: non-pigmented epithelial, pigmented epithelial and intra-epithelial cysts, the non-pigmented epithelial cysts being the most commonly seen. The former 2 types are formed by the proliferation of the inner and outer layer of the optic cup respectively and the formation of the latter one is related to the separation of the 2 layers of the cup. The cysts can be single or multiple, at most 14 non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cysts with 2 iris epithelial cysts being present in one eye. The incidence of ciliary epithelial cysts is as high as 14.6%. Because of the hidden position, clinical doctors seldom notice them. They can be misdiagnosed as melanoma, they can cause secondary glaucoma and localized cataract and they can be detached spontaneously. Therefore, clinical doctors ought to pay attention to this disease.
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PMID:[Cysts of ciliary body epithelium]. 780 44

We have developed neutron-capture therapy (NCT) for cutaneous malignant melanoma using a melanoma-seeking 10B-dopa, analogue, 10B1-para-boronophenylalanine (10B1-BPA). In order to explore the feasibility of applying NCT further to ocular melanoma, we investigated the boron concentrations in ocular melanomas and normal ocular tissues by 10B1-BPA administration to three patients, because success of NCT depends mainly upon selective boron accumulation in melanoma. In the first and second ocular melanoma patients, to whom 10B1-BPA fructose complex (total dose of 10B1-BPA: 170 mg/kg body weight) was administered orally in two divided doses, the boron concentrations in blood, vitreous body, sclera and retina choroidea were lower than that in melanoma examined. In the third conjunctival melanoma patient, to whom 10B1-BPA fructose complex (dose of 10B1-BPA: 85 mg/kg body weight) was administered by intravenous drip infusion, the average boron concentration in four melanoma samples was 17.7 ppm, which was estimated to be within the range necessary for melanoma eradication by thermal neutron irradiation. Boron uptake by lens, vitreous body, retina choroidea and sclera was much lower than that by melanoma. It was suggested that such a superficial ocular melanoma as iris melanoma can be destroyed by NCT, although vision may be affected--mainly due to cataract formation.
Melanoma Res 1994 Jun
PMID:Selective boron accumulation in human ocular melanoma vs surrounding eye components after 10B1-p-boronophenylalanine administration. Prerequisite for clinical trial of neutron-capture therapy. 791 64

A 26-year-old man presented with an insidious loss of vision OD. He had amblyopia OD as a child secondary to congenital esotropia. Ophthalmic examination revealed a large mass beneath his right retina near the posterior pole. He also had glaucoma and a rapidly developing cataract. Ultrasound detected a choroidal mass, which was consistent with a melanoma. The patient chose enucleation over radiation therapy as his treatment modality. Pathologic evaluation of the tumor revealed a necrotic melanocytoma with a large malignant melanoma arising from its center that was comprised mainly of epithelioid cells. Malignant melanoma arising in a necrotic melanocytoma is an extremely rare event, and we believe this to be the first description of this event in a young patient with an amblyopic eye.
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PMID:Malignant transformation of a necrotic melanocytoma of the choroid in an amblyopic eye. 801 Jul 3

Ocular melanoma, the most common primary adult intraocular neoplasm, has a very high morbidity and mortality despite multiple alternative therapies. Consequently, we decided to study Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKR) for the treatment of ocular melanoma in a clinical trial format. We describe the modifications of standard GKR to treat intraocular tumors, the objective, inclusion and exclusion criteria, treatment parameters, measurement of effect, and statistical evaluation of the clinical trial. The major adverse effects (i.e., cataract, vitreous hemorrhage, blindness, and loss of the eye) of the study are correctable or infrequent, whereas the benefits (i.e., tumor stasis or regression, preservation of sight, lower metastatic potential, and preservation of the globe) are substantial. This study is designed to evaluate GKR as a treatment option for ocular melanoma, although results are not yet available.
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PMID:Gamma Knife radiosurgery in the treatment of ocular melanoma. 811 54


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