Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among the TORCH agents, the occurrence of rubella and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in Japan were studied. Rubella epidemics occurred throughout Japan from 1964 to 1969 and from 1975 to 1979. Low prevalences of CRS were observed in northeastern Japan, and high prevalences in southwestern Japan, with the highest in Okinawa. These conditions could be explained by the lower rate of rubella H1 antibody in the female population of southwestern Japan. Time of maternal rubella was in the gestational age interval from 26 to 57 days for cataract, from 25 to 62 days for heart disease and from 16 to 131 days for deafness. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. Main route of transmission of this virus is mother-to-child transmission, through breast milk. Among the 311 mother-child pairs in Okinawa, 65 mothers (20.9%) and 10 children (3.2%) were seropositive for HTLV-1. Ten (15.4%) of the 65 seropositive mothers had seropositive children. These children had acquired their HTLV-1 antibodies by the age of 3 years. A significant difference existed between the prevalence rate of HTLV-1 antibodies in mothers and children.
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PMID:Perinatal viral infections. 139 25

From a total of 95 children treated on a long-term basis with corticosteroids as part of a chronic dialyzation programme on account of asthma, juvenile chronic arthritis and leukaemia in 23 (24%) posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC) was diagnosed. The authors consider as the risk factor the amount of corticosteroids in relation to body weight rather than the absolute dose. The danger of PSC develops after one year's administration of 0.3 mg/kg/day Prednisone or its equivalent. This fact is documented by two case-histories indicating the chronology of development of PSC in two-year-old patients, from clear lenses to the most severe affection in the group. The absolute amount of Prednisone was 5-10 mg, i. e. 0.5 mg/kg/day. In one of the two patients the cataract of one eye had to be operated. The patients should have dispensary examinations after one year and subsequently after six-month intervals in case of continuing corticosteroid treatment. An interesting finding was the observation of the incipient stage of PSC--a double dissociation in the area of the posterior "Y" seam.
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PMID:[Steroid cataracts in children]. 152 16

Endodontic patients are sometimes concerned about the risks of tumors or cataracts from radiation exposure during root canal therapy. By using established dose and risk information, we calculated the extent of these risks. The chance of getting leukemia from an endodontic x-ray survey using 90 kVp was found to be 1 in 7.69 million, the same as the risk of dying from cancer from smoking 0.94 cigarettes or from an auto accident when driving 3.7 km. Risk of thyroid gland neoplasia was 1 in 667,000 (smoking 11.6 cigarettes, driving 45 km) and risk of salivary gland neoplasia 1 in 1.35 million (smoking 5.4 cigarettes, driving 21.1 km). Use of 70 kVp radiography reduced these risks only slightly. To receive the threshold dose to eyes to produce cataract changes, a patient would have to undergo 10,900 endodontic surveys.
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PMID:[Evaluation of radiation risk associated with endodontic radiography]. 178 36

Children with hematological malignancies (n = 33), severe aplastic anemia (SAA, n = 7) and other non-malignant diseases (n = 4) were followed for cataract development after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The children with hematological malignancies were subjected to total body irradiation (TBI), 10 Gy, in one session with no shielding of the eyes as part of their conditioning regimen before BMT. The children with SAA or other non-malignant diseases received either no irradiation before BMT or a reduced dose, 8 Gy, with shielding of their eyes. After 3 years all patients who had undergone BMT for hematological malignancies had developed lens opacification. No patients in the other groups, without leukemia, showed any sign of cataract development. There was no relationship between steroid treatment for graft-versus-host disease and cataract development. No relation to age of onset of treatment or to the sex of the patient and cataract formation was seen. It seems evident from the present study that TBI given in one session was the main cause of cataract development after BMT.
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PMID:The development of cataract in children as a late side-effect of bone marrow transplantation. 187 89

Chemotherapy and radiation produce a dose-dependent anti-leukemic effect. Combined chemoradiotherapy and bone marrow transplantation (BMT) were given in our clinic to treat children with acute leukemias. Total body irradiation of 10 Gy in a single dose was used. One long-term side effect of this treatment was the development of subcapsular cataract; this was seen in all nine long-term survivors of the 17 children with acute lymphoblastic (ALL) or acute myelogenous (AML) leukemia who were treated as described above. One year after marrow transplantation, all the eyes studied had visual acuity of 20/20 and an optically clear lens. Three years later, 60% of the eyes had visual acuity of less than 20/40 and all had posterior, subcapsular cataracts. The cataract in all cases was quite uniform, consisting of opacities in the posterior subcapsular region. Cataract formation was treatment-related and seemed to correlate only to the type of total body irradiation. We concluded that the cataracts seen in the present study were a late complication of allogeneic BMT and were specifically due to the single-dose total body irradiation.
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PMID:Irradiation cataract in children after bone marrow transplantation. 219 48

Endodontic patients are sometimes concerned about the risks of tumors or cataracts from radiation exposure during root canal therapy. By using established dose and risk information, we calculated the extent of these risks. The chance of getting leukemia from an endodontic x-ray survey using 90 kVp was found to be 1 in 7.69 million, the same as the risk of dying from cancer from smoking 0.94 cigarettes or from an auto accident when driving 3.7 km. Risk of thyroid gland neoplasia was 1 in 667,000 (smoking 11.6 cigarettes, driving 45 km) and risk of salivary gland neoplasia 1 in 1.35 million (smoking 5.4 cigarettes, driving 21.1 km). Use of 70 kVp radiography reduced these risks only slightly. To receive the threshold dose to eyes to produce cataract changes, a patient would have to undergo 10,900 endodontic surveys.
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PMID:Estimated radiation risks associated with endodontic radiography. 239 Sep 63

The acute reaction in the course of a total body irradiation (TBI) appears in an organ-specific damage of the stem cells. Moreover, there are unspecified central-nervous stress reactions. Clinical reactions are obtained by the study and symptomatic therapy is proposed. 90 patients with different forms of leukaemia were observed. We documented the course in a specific "protocol system". Reactions like an increase of body temperature, changes of pulse and blood pressure were registered. The occurrence of gastro-intestinal reactions is a typical symptom of the acute radiation syndrome e.g. vomiting and diarrhoea are demonstrated in dependence of the applicated dose of irradiation. Further symptoms of TBI appeared in the later period. Mucositis, parotitis, a decreased function of the salivary glands and diarrhoea as well as vomiting are characterized by different intensity and temporary termination. A difference between allogeneic and autologous transplantation is caused by a medicamental additional treatment. During the late period these symptoms will disappear completely. Moreover, after TBI and BMT late effects are a cataract and some changes in the hormonal system demanding a specific correction or substitution respectively.
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PMID:Acute and late effects in the course of and after total body irradiation with following bone marrow transplantation in patients with different forms of leukaemia. 248 Feb 95

This report describes a patient with chronic granulocytic leukaemia who developed cataracts on busulphan treatment. Following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, he developed cytomegalovirus retinitis, which was treated successfully with trisodium phosphonoformate (foscarnet). Cytomegalovirus retinitis and its therapy, and busulphan-induced cataract are discussed.
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PMID:Foscarnet as treatment for cytomegalovirus retinitis following bone marrow transplantation. 284 92

Of 99 children in the Royal Blind School, Edinburgh (which serves Scotland and part of N E England), 15 had optic atrophy (hydrocephalus 4, intracranial haemorrhage 2, prematurity 2, fetal distress 2, birth asphyxia 2, cerebral atrophy 1, cardiac arrest during hernia operation 1, and leukaemia 1). Fourteen had congenital cataract, 12 congenital retinal aplasia (Leber's congenital amaurosis) and 11 retinopathy of prematurity. There were small numbers in many other diagnostic categories, including three with non-accidental head injury. Mental retardation, spasticity, and nystagmus were frequent other correlates in all diagnostic categories. 'Very probably hereditary' was a conservative attribution in 36, while 'probable' seemed appropriate for 12-that is, almost 48% were hereditary. Only about 11 cases might have been prevented through genetic counselling, which testifies to the frequency of autosomal recessive hereditary disease, although no parents were consanguineous.
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PMID:Blindness in schoolchildren: importance of heredity, congenital cataract, and prematurity. 365 73

The incidence and severity of cataract were studied in 37 children who had completed treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Twelve (32%) had posterior subcapsular lens opacities. Treatment had included corticosteroids and cranial irradiation, but no dose relationship was evident. The boys were more severely affected than the girls. Although none of the lens opacities was optically significant, clinicians should be aware of the potential risk to vision.
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PMID:Cataracts in childhood leukaemia. 385 24


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