Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the ocular morbidity, visual disability and potential for blindness in leprosy patients recently released from treatment. In-patients from Eku leprosy settlement were interviewed and examined for ocular disease from leprosy and other causes. They were examined using the Snellen's chart, pentorch, Kowa portable slit-lamp, direct ophthalmoscope and the pulsair non-contact tonometer. The patients were also refracted. In all, 60 inpatients who were recently released from treatment, comprising 39 men (65%) and 21 women (35%), were examined. Fifty-eight patients (96.67%) had ocular symptoms, the most common being blurred vision in 23 patients (38.33%). Nine patients (15%) were blind. Cataract was the most common cause of blindness occurring in three of the nine patients (33.33%). The most common types of ocular lesions were madarosis (31.67%), lagophthalmos (16.67%) and cataract (16.67%). Potentially blinding conditions due to leprosy were seen in 42 patients (70%). The incidence of ocular involvement, blindness and potentially blinding conditions are high in leprosy patients recently released from treatment. Regular ophthalmic evaluation and integration into Vision 2020 programmes are recommended.
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PMID:Ocular leprosy in Nigeria: a survey of an Eku leprosorium. 1648 26

Leprosy is a systemic disease with highest incidence of ocular complications and one of the important causes of blindness in the world. A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out to see the ocular involvement in leprosy leading to blindness in two groups of patients, one with the active disease and second already cured and thus released from treatment (RFT). Active cases attending Anandaban leprosy clinic, Patan hospital and RFT cases from Khokana leprosarium were included in the study consecutively. Total of 70 active cases and 101 RFT cases were evaluated during the study period. Active group of patients showed more of multibacillary type of disease than in RFT group. The prevalence of ocular manifestations was seen much higher among RFT cases accounting for 66.3% in contrast to active group where only 14.3% had ocular problems. Blindness was frequently seen in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients in compare to paucibacillary (PB) disease in both the groups. However blindness frequency was seen more often among RFT cases accounting for 24% in compare to only 2.9% among active group. Causes of blindness were mainly corneal and cataract related disorders. Risk of blindness also increased with the increase in duration of illness. RFT group of leprosy patients are at higher risk of developing blindness than the active group thus eye care services should be more focused for this group. Having multibacillary type of disease could also be a risk for development of blindness.
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PMID:Leprosy blindness in Nepal. 1701 8

Proper MDT soon after detection of leprosy and anti-reaction measures with newer steroids, regular supervision and monitoring of those released from treatment (RFT) reduce the incidence of ocular leprosy to a remarkable extent. Today, most eye complications are because of normal ageing process or of other phenomena in normal healthy population. Cataract and lagophthalmos are the main causes of blindness. However, in India, though the rate of cataract surgical coverage is up to the mark, the same for lagophthalmos is lagging far behind. Integration of management of ocular leprosy into community eye health care service is the talk of the day along with other health care facilities delivered to people affected with leprosy (PAL). Routine eye examinations are necessary for all PB and MB patients, as well as for the RFT persons in order to detect and treat eyes that are at high risk. All eye surgeries can be performed when needed, irrespective of deformities and bacteriological status, by latest microsurgical techniques with good outcome, and better rehabilitation measures. Reorientation training in ocular leprosy is the immediate special need for ophthalmologists, paramedical ophthalmic assistants and eye health care managers working in general hospitals in those areas that were previously "leprosy endemic zones".
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PMID:Recent advances in ocular leprosy. 1808 71

The aim of this study was to describe the ocular conditions in multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients treated with 2 year WHO multiple drug therapy (MDT), consisting of dapsone, clofazimine and rifampin, a regimen expected to reduce ocular complications of leprosy. We conducted comprehensive eye examinations in 202 Filipino MB leprosy patients before, during, and after WHO 2 year MDT. Assessments were carried out for at least 5 years. Inflammatory "lepra" reactions occurred in 62% (reversal reaction, 52%; erythema nodosum leprosum, 10%); most were mild. Eye abnormalities consisted mostly of diminished corneal sensitivity before MDT (6%) and lagopthalmos (n = 7, 3.4%). Six of 7 lagopthalmos cases occurred in a subset of 132 patients with facial patches (5%). Visual acuity scores, intra-ocular pressures and pupil cycle times were unremarkable. Bacillary invasion, keratitis, episcleritis, iridocyclitis, ectropion, synechiae, glaucoma and cataract formation were not detected. Scleral clofazimine pigmentation was frequent, resolving in most within 3 years of treatment cessation. Facial patches at presentation may denote a higher risk for lagopthalmos. We propose the generally low rates of ocular problems reflected mild lepra reactions, due to anti-inflammatory properties of clofazimine, a relatively young cohort, and a readily accessible community-based clinic permitting earlier diagnosis and prompt treatment.
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PMID:Longitudinal ocular survey of 202 Filipino patients with multi-bacillary (MB) leprosy treated with 2 year WHO-multiple drug therapy. 2171 Aug 53

A detailed eye examination of 145 inmates of a leprosy rehabilitation centre was done to determine the prevalence of ocular involvement. Age, gender of patients, type and duration of leprosy, systemic disabilities were noted. The mean age of patients was 45.8 years (range 19-70 years); 72.4% were males; 55.2% were suffering from paucibacillary leprosy. The mean duration of leprosy was 18.2 years in multibacillary type and 13.1 years in paucibacillary type. Ocular lesions related to leprosy were seen in 85.5% of patients; more often in multibacillary leprosy (92.3%). Corneal changes (80.7%) were the most frequently observed lesions followed by eye lid lesions (48.2%). Potentially sight threatening lesions such as lagophthalmos (23.4%), cornealanaesthesia (43.4%), and iridocyclitis (8.9%) were seen in both types of leprosy. Nine out of 26 (34.6%) patients with history of erythema nodosum leprosum reaction showed eye changes related to this reaction. Blindness in one eye due to lesions related to leprosy was seen in 2.7% of eyes. Age related cataract was the most common cause of blindness in patients of leprosy. The prevalence of ocular lesions was found to be high in the inmates of leprosy rehabilitation centre, and they were seen more frequently in patients with longer duration of the disease. Potentially sight threatening lesions were more often associated with systemic disabilities in these patients.
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PMID:Ocular lesions in the inmates of leprosy rehabilitation centre. 2367 93

Klebsiella is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes different types of health care-associated infections including pneumonia, bloodstream infections, surgical site infections and meningitis. We report here a case of Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and Hansen's disease. A middle-aged man with a known case of diabetes mellitus and Hansen's disease presented with the complaints of blurred vision in the left eye and the patient was found to have cataract. Patient was operated for cataract and Intraocular lens implanted. Patient developed headache and vomiting on the 4th post-operative day. Lumbar puncture was carried out and gram stain of cerebrospinal fluid showed Gram-negative bacilli in the direct smear and culture yielded a heavy growth of K. pneumoniae. The patient was treated with antimicrobials according to the susceptibility pattern. He initially showed improvement but later on developed altered sensorium and hypotension. Patient succumbed to infection in spite of all medical attention.
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PMID:Fatal Klebsiella pneumoniae meningitis in a patient with diabetes mellitus and Hansen's disease. 2473 55

Leprosy remains to be a leading cause of peripheral neuropathy and disability. In recent years under Leprosy control programme more stress is being laid on disability assessment. This study was aimed to find prevalence of grade of Ocular disability among persons affected with leprosy (PAL) according to WHO disability grading scale and to find Ocular contributors to grade 2 disability in PAL. A cross sectional study was carried out in tertiary care hospital in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh. About 302 PAL were interviewed and their eyes clinically examined during 2 years. Data was analysed in percentages, x2 test, Anova. Ocular disability was found in 39.40% persons affected with leprosy (PAL). Of 604 eyes, 13.07% had grade 1 disability and 19.86% had grade 2 disabilities. Bilateral disability was more common than unilateral disability. Ocular disability was more common in PAL with more than one year of leprosy and even higher in those staying in leprasoria (p = 0.012). The most common cause of ocular grade 2 disabilities was corneal involvement (14.23% PAL). Cataract was found to be the most common cause of visual disability (although it is not caused by leprosy). Screening for ocular disability should be incorporated as a routine protocol in PAL to reduce the severity of Ocular disability. Early diagnosis and prompt preventive measure is essential to reduce the burden of visual impairment and blindness in PALthus bringing down the load of grade 2 disability due to leprosy in the society which in itself is an indicator of leprosy control.
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PMID:Ocular disability--WHO grade 2 in persons affected with leprosy. 2516 54

Ocular involvement in leprosy is estimated to be 70-75%, about 10-50% of leprosy patients suffer from severe ocular symptoms, and blindness occurs in about 5% of patients. The disease leads to many ophthalmologic symptoms and signs in the range of the eyeball itself, as well as of the bulb adnexa, ie, eyebrows, eyelids with eyelashes, and lacrimal drainage system. Especially dangerous are complications of lagophthalmos and corneal hypoanesthesia, neurotrophic or infectious keratitis, and iridocyclitis and cataract formation, which may lead to significant decrease of visual acuity or even blindness. Multidrug treatment rapidly interrupts transmission of Mycobacterium leprae by infectious patients, but even after being completed, it does not guarantee the withholding of ocular complications.
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PMID:Ocular leprosy. 2543 13

Leprosy is a chronic multisystem disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae with frequent ocular manifestations such as madarosis, lagophthalmos, lid abnormalities, impaired corneal sensations, chronic uveitis, and cataract. Granulomas are characteristic lesion of lepromatous leprosy commonly seen as conjunctival and iris granulomas. We report a case of leprosy with a rare ocular manifestation in the form of angle mass lesion or suspected granuloma which has not been reported before and its successful management following treatment with favorable outcome. The index case also highlights the anterior segment fluorescein angiography features of the lesion and study of its vascular pattern.
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PMID:Anterior chamber angle granuloma: A rare ocular manifestation of histoid lepromatous leprosy. 3282 69

Hansen's disease (HD) belongs to the group of neglected diseases and can cause physical deformities and disabilities, in addition to leading to social discrimination. Ocular involvement in HD is estimated at 70-75% worldwide. About 10-50% suffer from severe ocular symptoms and loss of vision occurs in approximately 5% of cases. Ocular changes may persist or worsen even after patients are considered cured and it is necessary to better understand these conditions in order to determine the need for additional public policies. The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence of ocular involvement in patients with HD at two specialist referral centers for treatment of the disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted with ophthalmological evaluations of patients with HD from June 2017 to June 2018. Diagnostic ocular findings, corrected visual acuity, and refractive error were described. Findings were correlated with patients' clinical and epidemiological variables. A total of 86 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 50.1 years, predominantly males (59.3%), and with multibacillary HD (92%). The prevalence of ophthalmologic changes was 100% and the most common were dysfunction of the Meibomian glands (89.5%) and dry eye syndrome (81.4%). Cataracts were observed in 22 patients (25.6%), but best corrected visual acuity was normal or near normal in 84 patients (97.7%) and there were no cases of bilateral blindness. Patients with some degree of physical disability had more ophthalmological alterations, involving both the ocular adnexa (p = 0.03) and the ocular globe (p = 0.04). Ocular involvement is common in patients with Hansen's disease, reinforcing the importance of ophthalmologic examination in the evaluation and follow-up of these patients.
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PMID:Evaluation of ocular involvement in patients with Hansen's disease. 3295 60


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