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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An unusual case of cataract extraction is presented in which 6-0 chronic catgut sutures persisted over 2 years and 8 months and caused repeated attacks of conjunctival inflammation and iritis. This along with the discussion in this paper shows that despite is other advantages the chronic catgut is not a suitable suture for routine use in cataract surgery. However, because of the distinct advantages it is suggested that its use be limited to the selected cases, eg, in nervous persons where difficulty in removal of sutures is a problem.
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PMID:The absorbable sutures in cataract surgery. 119 Jun 65

Diclofenac sodium is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic activity. When instilled as a topical 0.1% solution in a limited number of patients undergoing cataract surgery, diclofenac limits surgically induced miosis, reduces signs of ocular inflammation, does not cause elevations in intraocular pressure, and reduces the occurrence and severity of cystoid macular oedema. Preliminary findings suggest a niche for topical diclofenac in other ocular inflammatory conditions such as iritis, episcleritis and conjunctivitis, although its efficacy in these areas awaits confirmation. The drug appears well tolerated, apart from a transient burning sensation after instillation in some patients. Ocular diclofenac thus appears well suited as a local anti-inflammatory adjunct to cataract surgery, and may be useful in some other inflammatory ocular conditions.
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PMID:Ocular diclofenac. A review of its pharmacology and clinical use in cataract surgery, and potential in other inflammatory ocular conditions. 149 52

Internal thermal sclerostomy (ITS) was performed unilaterally in 35 adult New Zealand rabbits using a pinpoint bipolar cautery probe and radio-frequency power supply, with the nonoperated eyes serving as controls. Standard trabeculectomy using a limbal-based flap was also performed on 10 additional rabbits, and served as a second bench mark for comparison with the ITS technique. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in all eyes preoperatively and on postoperative days 2, 4, 6, and 8. A significant (P = .005) difference between the reduction in IOP in the ITS eyes and in the control eyes was found up to postoperative day 8; on that day the reduction in IOP was 5.2 mm Hg. IOP in the eyes undergoing standard trabeculectomy was significantly (P = .05) reduced up to postoperative day 2, and gradually decreased, to 2.5 mm Hg, on postoperative day 8. The greatest reduction in IOP (2.9 mm Hg) for these eyes also occurred on postoperative day 2. Complications of ITS included iris burn (23%), peripheral corneal edema (17%), and iritis (9%). No ruptured blebs, flat anterior chambers, hyphemas, or lens damage occurred. The potential advantages of the ITS procedure using the bipolar cautery probe include a decreased risk of cataract formation because of the curved probe design. The procedure is also technically simple to perform and requires only inexpensive and readily-available equipment.
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PMID:Bipolar cautery and internal thermal sclerostomy in a rabbit model. 157 88

We evaluated 200 consecutive IOGEL 1103 capsular bag intraocular lenses. We performed a 5 to 6 mm capsulorhexis and inserted the intraocular lens (IOL) through a 3.5 to 4.0 mm scleral tunnel with a Faulkner folder. Twenty-two cases were combined with trabeculectomy and ten with keratoplasty using a temporary keratoprosthesis. Mean follow-up was six months. The implant centered well and resisted capsular shrinkage. Iris touch to the optic was rare and did not provoke persistent pigment dispersion. In one third of the cases a cleft was discernible between the posterior convex IOL surface and the extended capsule despite thorough aspiration of viscoelastic and debris from the retrolental space. In 8% of cases, white flakes of unknown origin were observed at the IOL-capsule interface. In cases associated with pre-existing iritis or intraoperative iris trauma (iris manipulation, iridectomy, or synechiolysis in glaucoma patients), fibrin exudation as well as iridocapsular synechial formation and macrophage precipitation often ensued. Cellular precipitates, as evaluated by biomicroscopy and specular microscopy, were less pronounced and more transient than on poly(methyl methacrylate) IOLs. Best case visual acuity results were comparable to those with conventional implants; all eyes attained 20/40 or better and 97% achieved 20/25 or better. The 1103 was easier to implant through a capsulorhexis opening and suited the dimensions of the capsular bag better than the PC-12 model.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 May
PMID:Evaluation of 200 consecutive IOGEL 1103 capsular-bag lenses implanted through a small incision. 159 32

Results achieved in eyes following a single surgeon's first 200 procedures consisting of intracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Choyce-Tennant anterior chamber lens (AC-IOL) (1977 to 1980) are compared with those achieved following the same surgeon's first 200 procedures consisting of extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) (1980 to 1982). For the AC-IOL eyes, follow up ranged from 11.1 to 14.2 years (mean, 12.0 years); for the PC-IOL eyes, from 9.5 to 10.8 years (mean, 10.0 years). The AC-IOL eyes had many early problems: pupillary block (7%), iritis (15%), and secondary glaucoma (8%). Four percent developed corneal edema, 1.5% vitritis, and 2% localized iris holes under the lens. Ectropion uveae appeared in 8.5%, indicating some ongoing inflammation. One and one-half percent of these lenses were removed or exchanged. Seventy-nine and one-half percent of these eyes had 20/40 or better vision at 10 years; 4% had visual loss along with corneal edema or vitritis, apparently related to the AC-IOLs. The PC-IOL eyes had comparatively few lens-related complications: 1% corneal edema, 1.5% iritis, 1% vitritis, and 2% secondary glaucoma. Some localized trapping of the pupil occurred in 8%. One percent of the PC-IOLs were removed, and 1% decentered, requiring McCannell sutures. Final visual acuity at 10 years was 20/40 or better in 77.5%. None of the PC-IOL eyes had decreased vision related to the lens implant.
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PMID:Ten-year follow up comparing anterior and posterior chamber intraocular lens implants. 160 29

From 43 Nepalese leprosy patients skin smear negative, and treated with dapsone (diamino diphenyl sulphone), and without any sign of active leprosy or iritis, specimens from iridectomy during cataract surgery were studied histopathologically. Of 49 iris specimens only six (12%) were found to be without any histopathological change. Atrophy of the iris stroma was seen in 63% and neovascularisation in 6% of all cases. In 16% in which the dilator muscle could be detected, it was atrophic, and in 11% the pigmented epithelium was thinned and atrophic. Cellular inflammatory infiltrations were seen in 88% of all specimens. They were mostly slight in eyes which before operation had been without posterior synechiae of the iris. In most of the eyes in which posterior synechiae had been present moderate or heavy inflammatory cell infiltrates composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells, often associated with macrophages, neutrophils, or eosinophils, were found. In five iris specimens acid fast bacilli were present. This raises the question whether these can survive systemically despite dapsone chemotherapy in the iris, thus leading to dapsone-resistant leprosy and to recurrent iritis.
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PMID:Histopathological findings in the iris of dapsone treated leprosy patients. 168 88

Two types of intraocular lenses (IOLs) were used in a controlled, randomized, double-masked clinical trial. The study lens was a one-piece, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) lens with heparin grafted on the entire surface. The control lens was identical in all respects but lacked the heparin surface. The IOLs were implanted in the capsular bag after extracapsular cataract extraction in 266 patients. No unexpected reactions or severe complications occurred. The postoperative visual acuity of all cases at the three-month visit was 20/40 or better in 91.6% of the heparin group and in 86.2% of the control group. When excluding cases with preoperative pathology, 97% of the heparin group and 95% of the control group had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better. A mild iritis was observed in one case of the heparin group and in four cases of the control group at three months. At three months there was a statistically significant difference between the heparin surface modified and control IOLs for both the number of patients with cellular precipitates and the number of precipitates per IOL. From the present data we conclude that during the first three postoperative months heparin surface modified lenses are more biocompatible than PMMA lenses.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1992 Jan
PMID:Heparin surface modified intraocular lenses. Three-month follow-up of a randomized, double-masked clinical trial. 173 65

One hundred fifty-nine consecutive patients with high-voltage burns were retrospectively reviewed to determine the ocular sequelae of these injuries. Five patients had ophthalmic changes (two had recurrent iritis, eight had cataracts, two had macular holes, and one had central retinal artery occlusion). All four patients with cataractous changes had characteristic anterior subcapsular opacifications, except for one patient who presented with a dense white opacified lens. All had bilateral lenticular changes in which the denser cataract developed earlier than the contact wound and ipsilateral to it. Central retinal artery occlusion has not been previously reported as a complication of electrical burns. Macular holes, formerly believed to be rare in these injuries, were found in two of the five patients. Ocular complications from electrical burn injuries are uncommon. Although a number of these ocular changes occur immediately after injury, many of the visually impairing changes develop days and even years after a severe electrical burn injury; thus, careful follow-up is mandated.
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PMID:Ocular changes from electrical burn injuries. A literature review and report of cases. 175 81

Over 18 months we implanted posterior chamber lenses in 40 eyes using transscleral suturing. The indication for this technique was the absence of capsular support, in most cases due to previous cataract surgery and/or trauma. A uniform procedure was used. After a medium follow-up of 9 months the major complications were as follows: immediately after the operation transient keratopathia was present in a third of the cases; 6 eyes showed iritis, which persisted in 4 eyes. Other late complications were cystoid macular edema in 2 cases and central vein occlusion, retinal detachment and recurrent iritis in single cases. Despite these complications the functional results were favorable in 32 eyes with a best corrected vision of 6/12 or better. Poor visual outcome could be related to the operative procedure in 2 eyes and to pre-existing pathology in the remaining 6 cases. We conclude that the operative technique should be improved to reduce complications.
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PMID:[Sclera fixation of posterior chamber lenses. Indications, technique and results]. 178 28

A survey of randomly selected ophthalmic outpatient surgical facilities revealed a lack of established investigative protocols to follow when postoperative endophthalmitis occurs. The survey also provided information about the incidence of endophthalmitis, the microorganisms encountered, and the precautions used to prevent postoperative infections. We present an endophthalmitis investigative protocol which provides a task list, investigation forms, incidence log, and quality assurance measures to identify patients at risk and to minimize the risk of recurrence of this rare but serious complication of ophthalmic surgery. This standardized protocol will also assist in source identification when aseptic iritis occurs postoperatively. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate a dialogue which may result in an international standard for an endophthalmitis investigative protocol.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1991 May
PMID:Endophthalmitis investigative protocol: a plan for source identification and patient protection. 186 Dec 51


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