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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the lens, disorders of the metabolism occur, and, with them, active permeability (the cation pump with uptake of K and release of Na) changes to passive permeability and consequently Na ions enter with water. As a result, the lens increases in weight and a subcapsular (permeability) cataract develops. It is shown that the cattle lens in vitro increases in weight the lower the pH (6.5 greater than 7.5 greater than 8.5) of the surrounding fluid becomes. In a further experiment, 1 ml of buffered liquids with different pH were injected into the anterior chamber of the eyes of freshly slaughtered cattle. Here, too, the mechanically undamaged, untouched lens increased in weight more greatly as the pH (5.5 greater than 6.5 greater than 7.5 greater than 8.5) of the injected fluid was lowered. The significance of the lowering of the pH, e.g., in local inflammation (iritis, cyclitis, retinitis, etc.) or general acidoses (diabetes mellitus, galactosemia, hunger, extracorporeal circulation for atrophic kidney. Albright-, Love-, Fanconi-syndrome) for the appearance of incipient subcapsular clouding of the lens is pointed out.
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PMID:[Lens changes occuring as a result of lowered pH (acidosis) (author's transl)]. 1 65

Complications associated with rigid contact lenses are more frequent in aphakia. The limited dexterity of older patients not only may prove an insurmountable barrier to the mastery of daily contact lens insertion and removal, but also may produce significant direct eye trauma, its seriousness determined by the integrity of the cataract wound. Since prolonged wear of aphakic contact lenses is the rule rather than the exception, the risk of irreversible corneal changes such as vascularization and erosions is greater. A poorly fitted aphakic contact lens that does not permit adequate oxygenation of all corneal areas makes such complications even more likely to occur. Decreased corneal sensitivity associated with cataract surgery permits continued wear of a poorly fitted lens, which does not allow the cornea to recover between wearing periods. Detection of keratoconjunctivitis sicca, more prevalent in the older age group, may prevent the associated complications of corneal erosion, iritis, and infection. Complications of aphakic contact lenses can be controlled by patient instruction, appropriate contact lens adjustments, and regularly scheduled follow-up examinations.
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PMID:Complications associated with aphakic contact lenses. 9 60

Of 226 patients who had an intraocular lens implanted over a three year period, 6.2% developed bullous keratopathy compared with 2.2% of 90 patients who had a standard cataract extraction performed by the same surgeon. An additional 4.0% of the lens implant patients developed peripheral or intermittent corneal edema. The factors related to the higher incidence of this complication in lens implant patients included corneal touch during implantation, prolonged postoperative iritis and, in cases of mild or peripheral corneal edema without bullous keratopathy, recurrent lens dislocation. The most consistent pathologic findings in 10 corneas that required keratoplasty were epithelial edema and loss of corneal endothelium. Means to prevent this complication are discussed.
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PMID:Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy. A clinical-pathologic analysis. 31 Dec 38

This case of epithelial downgrowth following cataract extraction shows the typical sequence of a noneventful cataract extraction with satisfactory recovery but after a time, the appearance of conjunctival injection, iritis and attacks of elevated ocular pressure. A minimal membrane on the posterior surface of the cornea could be seen but the diagnosis rested on the sequence of events and was confirmed by the pathologic investigation. The apithelial cells grow freely on the iris, but extend onto the cornea and posteriorly apparently without hindrance. The epithelial cells form a basement membrane next to the iris, much as they do on the surface of the cornea next to Bowman's membrane. The source of the cells in this case was not identified; they presumably came from conjunctiva although no track through the sclera was found and the cells themselves did not show goblet cells.
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PMID:Epithelial downgrowth following cataract extraction. 45 27

Twenty-two cases with carcinomas of the nasal cavity, sinuses, buccal and orbital regions treated in the Radiotherapy Clinic of University Central Hospital in Turku, are presented. The dose delivered to the eye was 1400 to 6300 rd. The most usual radiation complication was keratitis which appeared in 15 cases, cataract was diagnosed in seven cases, corneal ulcer in three, iritis in two, retinopathia in two, and glaucoma in three cases. Most of the complications could be relieved or cured with appropriate therapy. In only one case the eye was to be enucleated because of severe glaucoma and corneal ulceration. As the prognosis of malignant tumours in this area usually is bad, irradiation to the eye on the affected side is to be taken as a calculated risk to achieve a more effective cancer control.
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PMID:Effects of megavoltage therapy of cancer on the eye. 82 70

Cataracts are an enormous medical, financial, and social burden. At least 300,000 to 400,000 new, visually disabling cataracts occur yearly in the United States, and 5 to 10 million worldwide. Complications of modern surgical techniques alone probably result in at least 7,000 irreversibly blind eyes annulally in the United States, and a potential 100,000 to 200,000 worldwide. These figures must be refined through well-standardized prevalence surveys and careful monitoring of indications and results of surgery. Senile cataracts probably result from many, possibly compound, obscure causes. Race, altitude, dietary habits, and deranged carbohydrate metabolism are some that have been suggested. There is little basis for the common belief that senile cataracts are more prevalent, or mature more rapidly, in diabetics. Carefully conducted case control and long-term studies are needed to assess the importance of each of these factors and to identify additional ones. The rapid increase of intraocular lens implantation raises serious questions of safety and efficacy. Implantation increases the risk of corneal and macular edema, iritis, and reoperation for lens dislocation and membrane formation, while complicating the treatment of retinal detachments and retinovascular disease. They require controlled clinical evaluation.
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PMID:Cataracts as an epidemiologic problem. 84 37

In the Miami Intraocular Lens Collaborative Study, 17 patients with glaucoma had a Copeland lens implanted at the time of cataract extraction. Seven additional glaucoma patients received a Binkhorst lens. Lens implantation did not adversely affect intraocular pressure or control of glaucoma, except in one patient who developed central retinal artery occlusion with rubeosis 1 1/2 years postoperatively and in one patient who had the lens removed because of iritis with uncontrolled glaucoma. Of 606 eyes that did not have glaucoma before cataract extraction and Copeland lens implant, many had transient postoperative pressure rise. Twenty-six (4.3%) developed prolonged pressure elevation. Nineteen patients were maintained on long-term medical therapy. The other seven were patients with iritis and glaucoma who had the implanted lens removed, including one who later had glaucoma surgery and one whose eye was later enucleated.
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PMID:Effect of the intraocular lens on intraocular pressure. 94 71

The visual results, and the complications, in 100 consecutive Copeland lens implantations combined with intracapsular cataract extraction, are compared with 100 age matched intracapsular cataract extractions without intraocular lens implantations. The visual results are not significantly different (Tables I and II). Patient satisfaction was excellent. The complications, likewise, are not significantly different (Tables III and IV). There were only two dislocations and one implant corneal touch that can definitely be attributed to the presence of an intraocular lens. The dislocations, although a nuisance, left no residual damage. Cystoid macular edema was no more frequent than without implantation. There were no retrolental membranes causing impairment of vision, no late anterior chamber hemorrhages from lens iris chafing or pressure and no lens related glaucoma. Iritis was insignificant and easily controlled with steroids in the few cases observed.
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PMID:Intraocular lenses: visual results and complications. A comparative study. 100 12

29 cases of Endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica were diagnosed out of a total of 1300 enucleated eyes examined histologically between 1966 and 1974. Clinically the correct diagnosis was made only once. Most frequent misdiagnoses were: phthisis, recurrent iritis, and panophthalmitis. Important factors for a correct clinical diagnosis are: 1. history of injury at least 2-3 weeks previously, 2. a cataract present at the onset of the disease, 3. an endophthalmitis, often associated with extreme i.o. hypotension. Treatment consists of an immediate and total removal of lens material, regardless of the hypotension or of inflammatory signs. The retinal architecture is usually astonishingly well preserved, even in cases with extreme destruction of the anterior segments.
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PMID:[Clinical aspects of "Endophthalmitis phacoanaphylactica" (author's transl)]. 108 Aug 18

Severe iritis which occurs within the first five days after cataract extraction may be categorized as (1) bacterial endophthalmitis, (2) toxic iritis, or (3) aseptic iritis. These entities can sometimes be distinguished because of their clinical features. If bacterial endophthalmitis is suspected, anterior chamber paracentesis should be considered and appropriate antibiotic treatment should be initiated. Acute iritis may result from the introduction of toxic agents into the eye, and may follow the use of products sterilized with ethylene oxide. Early acute aseptic iritis probably occurs more often than has previously been recognized. Response to intensive anti-inflammatory treatment is usually prompt and dramatic. The judicious use of cryoextraction and the careful manipulation of intraocular tissues may minimize the incidence and the severity of postoperative inflammation.
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PMID:Early acute aseptic iritis after cataract extraction. 108 68


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