Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-seven corneal transplantations with a mean duration of donor incubation of 14.3 days (group 1) and 36 transplantations with a mean duration of incubation of 29.8 days (group 2) were followed for 18 months. No significant difference was found in graft survival between the two groups (81 versus 80%). Almost all graft failures were found among pre-operatively defined high-risk cases, i.e. previously transplanted and/or vascularized recipient cornea. The profile of the corneal thickness curve was almost identical in the two groups, and normal values were reached in both. Visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 23% of the cases in group 1, and 35% in group 2. These figures were highly influenced by co-existing and complicating eye disease i.e. amblyopia, cataract, macular degeneration and glaucoma. The results show that 2 weeks and 4 weeks cultured cornea do not differ with respect to graft survival and thickness. The over all results indicate that long-term cultured donor material is suitable for corneal transplantation and fully comparable to material stored by other methods.
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PMID:Corneal transplantation using long-term cultured donor material. 351 36

Most of the estimated 40 million blind individuals in the world are in the older age groups. Data on blindness and visual impairment are primarily from blindness registries and prevalence surveys in different countries throughout the world. The quality of these data vary tremendously from one country to another, and comparability of the results from different studies is difficult. However, all studies indicate an increase in the prevalence of visual loss and blindness with increasing age. Cataract is the most prevalent eye disease in the world and is a major cause of visual loss in developing as well as in developed countries. Other major eye diseases in the elderly include age related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. A number of risk factors have been suggested for cataract, age related macular degeneration, and glaucoma, yet few have been well established. Certain factors for these conditions are similar, including age, hypertension, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and nutritional factors such as Vitamin E. Epidemiologic studies are needed to define the risk factors for these different eye diseases with the goal of decreasing risk of disease and possible disease prevention, as well as developing better estimates of the magnitude of the problems of visual loss and eye diseases in the elderly.
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PMID:Epidemiology of eye disease in the elderly. 365 39

Iris (eye) color was examined for its effect on eye disease in a population-based study of diabetic retinopathy in Wisconsin. Eye color was determined by comparing the iris in a red reflex photograph with standard photographs. In younger-onset diabetic persons (N = 996), macular edema was more prevalent in persons with blue or grey eyes (12%) compared with intermediate (9%) or brown (6%) (P = 0.04). Cataracts were more prevalent in blue or grey eyes (32%) compared with intermediate (22%) or brown (20%) in the younger-onset group (P less than 0.001). In older-onset persons (N = 1370), intraocular pressure (IOP) was higher in persons with brown eyes (17.8 mmHg) compared with blue or grey (17.1 mmHg) or intermediate (16.6 mmHg) (P = 0.012). Eye color was not associated significantly with diabetic retinopathy in either the younger- or older-onset group or with age-related macular degeneration or glaucoma in the older-onset group.
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PMID:The association of iris color with eye disease in diabetes. 368

America is aging rapidly. Within the next 30 years, those over 65 years of age will grow to form 17% of the population of the United States; the number of people over 85 will more than double. Currently, the rates of eye disease such as cataract, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma are highest in the older group. The risk of blindness is ten times greater for those over age 65 than for younger individuals. This combination of high rates of disease in the fastest growing segment of the population means that the demand for eye care services will increase dramatically. Undoubtedly, new approaches will appear to deal with the epidemiologic reality.
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PMID:The dimensions of the problem of eye disease among the elderly. 368 37

A medical diabetic clinic was examined for evidence of diabetic eye disease. Of 681 patients invited for ocular examination 96.6% attended for screening. The results for insulin dependent diabetics (IDDs) and non-insulin dependent diabetics (NIDDs) were analysed separately and the major findings were: Cataracts were present in 40.8% of IDDs and 46.2% of NIDDs, with an increased incidence with advancing age. For younger age groups there were significantly more cataracts in IDDs than in NIDDs (p less than 0.001). Cataract extraction was required in 4.2% of the patients, which is higher than the general population. The presence of retinopathy was related to the duration of diabetes (p less than 0.001) but not to age of onset of diabetes. Retinopathy was found in 43.4% of IDDs and 20.1% of NIDDs. Sight threatening retinopathy was present in 13.3% of IDD and 4.3% of NIDD eyes. Advanced diabetic eye disease was seen in 0.6% of eyes.
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PMID:Ophthalmic survey of a diabetic clinic. I: Ocular findings. 379 Apr 79

Since the last report on eye disease in Western Samoa in 1959 by Dr. Elliott, the population has increased from 97,000 to 158,000. The country now has a full-time ophthalmologist but could benefit from a larger eye care service. The distribution of disease is very similar to that found in 1959, with pterygium, cataract and injuries comprising the most frequent eye problems. Acute angle-closure glaucoma is much more common than open-angle glaucoma and is associated with a plateau iris configuration.
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PMID:Ophthalmic disease in Western Samoa. 380 Dec 7

A series of 54 eyes in 50 patients had preoperative predictions of postoperative visual acuity, using both a white-light interferometer (Lotmar Visometer) and a Snellen chart projector (Guyton-Minkowski Potential Acuity Meter). The predicted vision by each instrument was compared with the actual postoperative vision. Forty eyes in 36 of these patients, 25 with concurrent eye disease, had cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Fifteen eyes in 15 patients, 11 with concurrent eye disease, had neodymium-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. The Visometer gave more accurate predictions than the Potential Acuity Meter in cataract patients with open angle glaucoma, even with glaucomatous visual field loss, and in patients with a visual acuity of less than 20/400 due to advanced cataract formation.
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PMID:Instruments for predicting visual acuity. A clinical comparison. 394 92

Diabetes mellitus is a major cause of visual impairment and blindness. Cataracts and retinal vascular abnormalities (retinopathy) are the major defects occurring in the eyes. The frequency of these defects increases with the duration of diabetes. Many believe that the occurrence of eye disease in children with diabetes is rare. Blurry vision, an early manifestation of cataractogenesis, occurs in nearly all children with diabetes. Retinopathy, which is extremely rare prior to puberty, occurs in 70-90% of adolescents with diabetes of more than 10 years' duration. Proliferative retinopathy and blindness due to diabetes also occur in adolescents. Regular, careful ophthalmologic examinations by retinal specialists are indicated for the adolescents at risk. Those at risk are adolescent females with HLA DR3 and DR4 as well as those with limited joint mobility. Early recognition is essential to prevent the blindness that follows untreated proliferative retinopathy.
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PMID:Ophthalmologic complications of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. 633 75

The recent burst of activity in eye disease epidemiology, occasioned by increases in the number of ophthalmologists with training in epidemiology and of epidemiologists interested in eye diseases, makes this an appropriate time for taking stock of methodological problems in this field. In this review, based largely on the author's personal encounter with five large epidemiologic studies (2, 7, 19, 30, 39) of the four major chronic eye diseases (senile cataract, senile macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma), the following methodological areas are discussed: quality assurance; disease definitions and classifications; reproducibility of observations; visual acuity and visual field tests; needed technologic advances; study design of case-control studies and clinical trials; and data analysis (shall we count subjects or eyes?). The chief weakness of blindness registers has been inadequate evaluation of the extent of underregistration and of the variability of underregistration according to socioeconomic and racial subgroups. The Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HANES), conducted by the United States Public Health Service, is a potentially valuable source of descriptive and analytic epidemiologic information on eye diseases. It is an examination of a large probability sample of the US population and includes various histories, clinical and laboratory examinations, and a nutrition interview. In the early 1970s, HANES included eye examinations, but these were curtailed because of inability to get ophthalmologists as examiners. In future HANES studies, efforts should be made to minimize the involvement of ophthalmologists in the eye examinations and to increase the use of nonophthalmologists (e.g., optometrists, technicians) and instruments (e.g., cameras, densitometers, automated perimeters). The validity and reliability of any new procedures will need to be determined. Studies may need to be limited to certain major eye diseases and conditions. Population glaucoma surveys have tended to omit partially or entirely the time-consuming visual field test. Yet, without this test, the diagnostic examination for glaucoma is incomplete. The automated perimeter, with which visual fields can be more quickly measured, promises to be an important screening tool for glaucoma prevalence and case-finding surveys. It should be field-tested for epidemiologic use. The absence of standardized disease definitions, without which comparisons between studies are uncertain, has been a handicap to epidemiologic research in eye disease. A first constructive step toward the development of disease definitions would be the development of disease classifications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Methodological problems in eye disease epidemiology. 635 22

The measurement of visual acuity is an essential part of the eye examination of adults, but is rarely attempted in infants being examined for presumed or known eye disease. We have used a preferential looking technique to test visual acuity of infants attending a hospital eye clinic. Serial measurements of acuity of infants attending a hospital eye clinic. Serial measurements of acuity in infants with certain eye diseases can provide examples of the effects of visual deprivation on the developing human visual system. Amongst 14 cases of monocular visual form deprivation in early life, there were 9 infants who had monocular occlusion as therapy for esotropia; 3 infants who had unilateral opacities of the ocular media; and 2 infants who had unilateral eyelid closure from infection or burns. Despite differences in exact mode of deprivation, the effects on visual acuity were similar. There was a reduction of visual acuity in the deprived eye and a simultaneous increase in acuity of the non-deprived eye. These effects of monocular deprivation were not permanent. Recovery occurred with reverse deprivation or by simple cessation of the deprivation. Of 10 children with binocular visual form deprivation, there were 5 who had bilateral congenital cataracts and 5 who had bilateral uncorrected high refractive errors. Infants with cataract surgery before 2 months of age showed normal early development of visual acuity. A 4-6 month delay before treatment resulted in reduced acuity, but recovery subsequently occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Psychophysical assessment of visual acuity in infants with visual disorders. 663 31


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