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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1985-86 an ophthalmologist screened 221 patients, ranging in age from six to 81, at Naerlandheimen central institution for mentally handicapped. The screening showed an alarming incidence of eye disease in this group, regardless of the etiology of the mental handicap or the patient's age. Only 44 patients had completely normal eye status without errors of refraction. 40 patients had errors of refraction only and eight had presbyopia only, but otherwise normal findings. 129 had one or more eye anomalies or diseases. There was a large incidence of cataract (52 cases), keratoconus (21 cases), strabismus (59 cases) and conjunctivitis or blepharitis (17 cases). The result emphasizes the importance of close and frequent examination of the status of the eyes of mentally retarded people throughout their lifespan.
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PMID:[Ophthalmologic examination of the mentally retarded at a central institution]. 236 45

A series of eight regional eye surveys were conducted in Kenya as part of the Kenya Rural Blindness Prevention Project. Each survey consisted of clinical examinations of about 1800 individuals selected by a random cluster sampling technique in geographically distinct and culturally homogeneous rural areas; 13,803 examinations were completed in all. Together these surveys provide the basis for national estimates of the prevalence and aetiology of visual loss and ocular pathology. The results showed that 0.7% of rural Kenyans are blind in the better eye by WHO standards, and another 2.5% suffer significant visual impairment. Rates of visual loss tend to increase five-fold in each 20-year age cohort. Females have higher prevalence of visual loss than males over age 20, and certain geographical areas have markedly higher rates. The commonest cause of both blindness and visual impairment is cataract, accounting for 38% of all visual loss. Trachoma (a localised problem), glaucoma, macular degeneration, and severe refractive errors follow cataract as leading causes of blindness in the better eye. Trauma, corneal scars of various causes, phthisis, and staphyloma are important causes of monocular blindness. Nutritional eye disease does not appear to be a problem of any magnitude in rural Kenya.
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PMID:Blindness and eye disease in Kenya: ocular status survey results from the Kenya Rural Blindness Prevention Project. 237 38

The Finnish Twin Cohort material was used to estimate genetic and environmental effects in the etiology of hyperopia (farsightedness). All twin pairs in the cohort born before year 1927 (age 60 years and over at the time of the study), with both members alive, were sent a questionnaire. The questionnaire included questions of past and present eye diseases, visits to ophthalmologists, use of glasses and other vision-related questions. The hyperopia was assessed by asking the patients to send their last prescription for glasses to the authors. Twins with any eye disease affecting refraction (cataract, corneal damage), operation or trauma to their eyes were discarded from the present study. In 191 pairs (80 monozygotic and 111 dizygotic pairs) one or both members of the pair had a hyperopic refractive error. The correlations of refraction between right and left eyes of both MZ and DZ pairs were high (Spearman Rank Correlations of 0.86-0.89). The intrapair correlations among MZ pairs were higher (0.44 for right and 0.45 for left eyes) than intrapair correlations among DZ pairs (0.24 for right and 0.15 for left eyes). The variances were not significantly different among MZ and DZ pairs. The classical analysis of heritability gave an estimate of 0.75 for hyperopia. The result suggests that genetic factors are important in hyperopia and especially in hyperopia of higher degree.
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PMID:Study of gene-environment effects on development of hyperopia: a study of 191 adult twin pairs from the Finnish Twin Cohort Study. 239 90

A population based survey of blindness and eye disease has been conducted throughout the whole country of The Gambia, and 8174 people were examined. The prevalence of blindness (best acuity less than 3/60) was 0.7% and low vision (6/24-3/60) 1.4%. The causes of blindness were cataract (55%), non-trachomatous corneal opacity/phthisis (20%), and trachoma (17%). An estimated 5500 people in The Gambia require cataract surgery, 4600 eyelid surgery for entropion, and 4600 people spectacles to correct a refractive error which causes a visual acuity of less than 6/18. More than half the current burden of blindness in The Gambia is potentially remediable through the provision of cataract surgery and aphakic spectacles.
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PMID:National survey of blindness and low vision in The Gambia: results. 278 91

All 225 tenants (181 female and 44 male patients) of a nursing home in New York City underwent eye examinations at least once within a 1-year period to determine the prevalence of senile cataract, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), open-angle glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. The average age was 85.4 years (range, 60-108 years). With aphakia and pseudophakia included in the diagnosis of "cataract," the respective prevalences were found to be 81, 37, 11, and 2.1%. There was a statistically significant increase in the prevalence of cataracts and AMD in those patients 85 years of age or older when compared with the younger patients in the nursing home (P less than 0.05). Of those patients without organic brain syndrome, 44% (66/151) had a visual acuity of 20/40 or better in at least one eye. Thirty percent (45/151) had a visual acuity of 20/200 or worse in both eyes. Although this study has no control population of patients outside nursing homes, a review of the literature suggests that geriatric nursing home patients may have a higher prevalence of eye disease than their chronologic peers outside nursing homes. Further study is necessary to determine whether residents of geriatric nursing homes are receiving adequate ophthalmic care.
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PMID:Eye disease in a geriatric nursing home population. 278 56

We retrospectively evaluated 414 faculty-supervised extracapsular cataract extractions performed by ten second and third-year residents. In 94% of the cases without preexisting eye disease 20/40 or better vision was achieved. The most frequent postoperative complication, occurring in 17% of the cases, was a transient rise in intraocular pressure. Late postoperative wound dehiscence occurred in seven cases (1.7%), often associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or trauma. There was no statistically significant difference in visual outcome or in the rates of the most frequent complications in the 260 automated as opposed to the 121 manual cortical removal cases. In particular, there was no difference in the rates of vitreous loss, although posterior capsule tears tended to occur more often in the manual group (P = 0.084).
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PMID:Resident extracapsular cataract surgery: results and a comparison of automated and manual techniques. 281 90

The prevalence of exfoliation syndrome among Saudis was determined during the National Survey of Blindness and Eye Disease in 1984 in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The subsample of this study consists of 376 persons aged 40 years or more from 50 different locations examined under mydriasis by the authors using Kowa hand-held microscope. There were 192 men and 184 women with the mean age of 56.0 +/- 1.2 years (median 53.5 years, range 40-95 years). The overall prevalence of exfoliation syndrome was 9.3%: in the age group 40 to 49 years 1.6%, 50 to 59 years 7.8%, 60 to 69 years 8.9%, and 26.5% in persons 70 years of age and over. No significant association was found between exfoliation syndrome and sex or parental kinship. In 16 persons the exfoliation syndrome was unilateral, and in 19 persons bilateral. In 24 eyes the phenomenon could not be evaluated due to the anterior segment pathology. Exfoliation syndrome was associated with higher intraocular pressure (20 +/- 3 mmHg (n = 49) vs. 17 +/- 0.4 mmHg (n = 601), P less than 0.05), and more cataract changes (P less than 0.001) than eyes without. These eyes were also associated with poorer visual acuity than the eyes without exfoliation syndrome: in 26 of 35 persons with exfoliation syndrome, the affected eye was the better eye but in 35% the vision was less than 0.05 (less than 3/60) i.e. the person was blind, compared to 6% of persons whose better eye did not have exfoliation syndrome (P less than 0.001).
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PMID:Exfoliation syndrome among Saudis. 285 5

Of 507 persons in England and Wales identified as having had radiotherapy to the eye or eyes some years previously (after excluding those who had died and were not traced), information suitable for analysis could be obtained on 165. Of these, 23 had developed other eye disease so that the lens could not be examined. Of the other 142, 32 had certainly and one had probably developed cataract. A cataract operation had been performed on 19 persons, compared with an expected operation rate of four out of 142. The increased risk of cataract after radiotherapy to the eye is probably higher than the fivefold excess these figures for operations suggest.
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PMID:Increased risk of cataract in patients receiving radiotherapy to the eye: a pilot study. 337 Apr 15

We reviewed 604 eyes in 521 patients who had intracapsular cataract extraction. The follow-up period averaged 39 months. The incidence of rhegmatogenous aphakic retinal detachment (ARD) was 1.3% in the whole group. The ARD incidence was 1.0% in eyes without surgical complications and 5.4% in myopic eyes (myopia defined as an aphakic refraction less than or equal to +9.0 diopters). The log-rank test was used to estimate the statistical significance of various ARD predictors. Significant predictors were age at surgery below 70 years (P = .0004) and myopia (P = .001). Our results indicate that the high risk of ARD is concentrated in a small group of myopic patients operated on at a relatively early age. During the follow-up period, 128 patients died. Compared with the mortality rate of the entire Danish population, this was not an above average mortality rate. Thus, our results do not support the hypothesis that senile cataracts reflect general systemic deterioration rather than local eye disease.
J Cataract Refract Surg 1988 May
PMID:Epidemiology of aphakic retinal detachment following intracapsular cataract extraction: a follow-up study with an analysis of risk factors. 339 94

This study presents the prevalence, age, and sex differences of eye diseases in northern Nigeria using the records of 1677 eye hospital patients. The most common eye disease are cataract, refractive error and presbyopia, and diseases of the conjunctiva and sclera. There are no significant age and sex differences in the prevalence of most eye conditions.
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PMID:Eye diseases in northern Nigeria: prevalence, age and sex differences. 345 25


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