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Query: UMLS:C0086543 (cataract)
 29,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the lens, disorders of the metabolism occur, and, with them, active permeability (the cation pump with uptake of K and release of Na) changes to passive permeability and consequently Na ions enter with water. As a result, the lens increases in weight and a subcapsular (permeability) cataract develops. It is shown that the cattle lens in vitro increases in weight the lower the pH (6.5 greater than 7.5 greater than 8.5) of the surrounding fluid becomes. In a further experiment, 1 ml of buffered liquids with different pH were injected into the anterior chamber of the eyes of freshly slaughtered cattle. Here, too, the mechanically undamaged, untouched lens increased in weight more greatly as the pH (5.5 greater than 6.5 greater than 7.5 greater than 8.5) of the injected fluid was lowered. The significance of the lowering of the pH, e.g., in local inflammation (iritis, cyclitis, retinitis, etc.) or general acidoses (diabetes mellitus, galactosemia, hunger, extracorporeal circulation for atrophic kidney. Albright-, Love-, Fanconi-syndrome) for the appearance of incipient subcapsular clouding of the lens is pointed out.
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PMID:[Lens changes occuring as a result of lowered pH (acidosis) (author's transl)]. 1 65

A case of massive choroidal detachment during cataract extraction is described. Some thoughts about the pathophysiology of expulsive detachment in this case are discussed (Fuchs' heterochromy cyclitis and high blood pressure). The prognosis is good without need of posterior sclerotomy but with steroid treatment for a longer period.
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PMID:Expulsive choroidal effusion during cataract surgery (in a case with Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis). 42 Apr 73

Follow-up examinations, ranging from four to more than 20 years, were performed on 100 patients with chronic cyclitis whose ages at onset were from 4 to 58 years. Cataracts were found in 42% of eyes and macular disease secondary to macular edema in 28% of eyes. Band keratopathy, glaucoma, retinal detachment, retinoschisis, vitreous hemorrhage, retinal hemorrhage, and vessels leaving the disk margin were also noted. The complications resulting in decreased vision in chronic cyclitis were macular edema in active cases and macular degenerative changes in the late inactive stages. Of all eyes with final visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) or less, 74% had permanent, late macular changes secondary to earlier cystoid macular edema. Vitreous opacities or cells, or both, caused decreased visual acuity in the early active stages of chronic cyclitis but were not major factors in the ultimate visual prognosis in the late inactive stages. At the final examination, vitreous opacities caused a visual loss in only 9% of the eyes that had visual acuity of 6/12 (20/40) or less. It was difficult to determine whether corticosteroids caused cataract formation and glaucoma.
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PMID:Complications of chronic cyclitis. 94 80

In 4 cases of heterochromic cyclitis with cataract, 5 cases of herpetic iridocyclitis, and 5 cases of senile cataract, hypersensitivity to both alpha-crystalline and uveal pigment was investigated by lymphocyte-transformation and leukocyte-migration tests. In 3 cases of heterochromic cyclitis with cataracts, cellular hypersensitivity to alpha-crystalline was proven. Basing on these findings, the role of hypersensitivity to lens proteins in the etiology of heterochromic cyclitis is suggested.
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PMID:Hypersensitivity towards alpha-crystalline in the heterochromia syndrome. 108 52

The irises of 9 cases of Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis, obtained by iridectomy during cataract surgery, were examined pathohistologically and electron microscopically. There is a chronic type of iridocyclitis with infiltration of mainly plasma cells and with a marked degenerative and atrophic component. The main feature of the fine structure is the presence of isolated organelles, mainly mitochondria, with intact structure, a result of a process which seems to destroy first the endoplasmatic reticulum and leads to cytolysis. This phenomenon, however, is present too in cases of types chronic iridocyclitis, but to a lesser extent. Thus, the extent of the atrophic process seems to be the only pathognomonic criteria for Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis. The electron microscope cannot reveal pathognomonic criteria for Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis, and, furthermore, we could not demonstrate any findings which could establish or confirm the etiology. The theory of a dysfunction of the sympathetic innervation and the theory of a vascular pathogenesis could not be confirmed. The question is discussed whether Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis is a autoimmune-disease which attacks the endoplasmatic reticulum first.
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PMID:[Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis. Electron-microscopic study of nine iris biopsies (author's transl)]. 108 95

An eye with clinically successful anterior chamberlens implantation following cataract surgery was removed at autopsy after death in accordance with the wishes of a grateful patient. It was offered for corneal transplantation, and rejected for this purpose. The eye was examined pathologically. In addition to diffuse loss of corneal endothelium, a diffuse uveitis, and a reactive membrane with macrophages on the implant, a special granulomatous surface-cyclitis associated with reactive shrinkage of the vitreous, a peripheral break of the retina, and an early stage of pseudophakic macular edema were also found.
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PMID:[Pathology of retinal involvement in pseudophakia]. 178 21

Twenty-two patients with Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis had a posterior chamber intraocular lens implanted after extracapsular cataract extraction. After a mean follow-up period of 2.5 years (range, 6 to 70 months) half the patients had a visual acuity of 1.0 or more. The results compare favourably with those in the general population.
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PMID:Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation in Fuch's heterochromic cyclitis. 203 50

A new technique measuring serum antoantibodies to lens proteins, employing antigen linked to magnetisable cellulose particles and fluorescent end-point detection, was used to examine patients with senile cataract and inflammatory eye disease. 40% of patients with senile cataract had antibodies to lens proteins, as did 28% of patients with heterochromic cyclitis and 20% of patients with uveitis, while there were no positive sera from patients with scleritis. The single patient with lens-induced uveitis had a high titre, but so did some patients with senile cataract. With the incorporation of a standard curve this technique offers a reliable quantitative assay for lens autoantibodies. It may provide a valuable tool for the investigation of pathogenetic mechanisms in cataract and inflammatory eye disease.
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PMID:Antilens antibodies in cataract and inflammatory eye disease: an evaluation of a new technique. 233 88

Intermediate uveitis defines the group of diseases formerly called pars planitis or chronic cyclitis. Its frequency amounts to 10-20% of all uveitis cases. The anamnesis is vague. The clinical symptoms mainly involve the vitreous. The visual acuity is variable, depending of the involvement of the retina. A slight inflammation of the anterior chamber is possible, but no synechiae are present. The vitreous shows a positive Tyndall and cells, snow balls, eventual plaques on the pars plana. Serious cases are complicated by a retinal vasculitis, which often leads to cystic macular edema and papillary edema. Schisis and retinal holes are more seldom. A complicated cataract can develop. The most valuable complementary tests are fluorescein angiography and electroretinography, useful to detect retinal damage. Aetiological investigations give mostly poor results and are not very useful. Differential diagnosis has to be made, among others, from Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis and from acute cellular infiltration of the vitreous in case of retinochoroiditis or candida endophthalmitis. Treatment of intermediate uveitis can be only local and discrete when only the vitreous is involved. If the retina is damaged, systemic steroids or immunodepressive cytostatic drugs might be indicated. Despite the duration of the disease, its prognosis remains rather good. Only about 15% of the cases end up with visual impairment to 1/10 or less, while more than half of the cases maintain a visual acuity higher than 0.6, even after three years of disease progress.
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PMID:[Intermediate uveitis]. 248 32

Cataract removal with implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL) was performed in 36 cases of Fuchs' unilateral syndrome. --Intracapsular technique with anterior chamber IOL: 3 cases. --Extracapsular with IOL: 33 cases: Binkorst four loops sutured to the iris: 10 cases; posterior chamber in the sulcus: 12 cases; posterior chamber in the bag: 11 cases. The operative difficulties in such an indication consist in the constant hemorrhaging in the anterior chamber, the poor dilatation and the fragility of the zonule. Inflammatory reactions during the immediate post-operative follow up are frequently observed (22.2%) with pupillary deformations and Irvine Gass syndrome as complications. Glaucoma is a worrisome complication in its unusual frequency and by the poor results obtained by surgical treatment, but it does not seem to be directly related to the operation on the cataract. The complications which appear to relate directly to the implantation are represented above all by the risk in the long time, of lack of IOL transparency caused by the precipitates, and the aggravation of secondary vitreal disorders relating to recurrent cyclitis which is more frequent than in cases without implantation. The type of IOL implanted appears to have played no role on surgical results. Functional results were relatively good (83.3% having visual acuity superior or equal to 5/10). The restoration of satisfactory binocular vision justifies the risks of IOL implantation in cases of Fuchs' unilateral syndrome, but it is important to be forewarned of such an procedure risks.
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PMID:[Artificial crystalline lenses and Fuchs' syndrome]. 307 64


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